Index

Adoquines, 9

Agency, of Nicaraguans, 3–4, 11–12, 15, 56, 87–8, 96–7, 149, 154–5, 162, 180–1

Agrarian Reform, 48, 61, 64–6, 68, 81, 103–25, 129

ALBA, 76, 78, 81, 182

Alemán, Arnoldo, 33, 35, 75, 119, 148

ATC, 76, 106–10, 117–18, 123

Atlantic Coast, 13, 36, 37, 38, 115

basic grains, 64, 66–9, 81, 114, 118

Belli, Gioconda, 9, 71

bono productivo, 131, 132, 135, 138, 142, 158, 160

Borge, Tomás, 10, 12, 26, 27, 32

CAFTA, 77, 81

Callahan, Robert, 38

Canal, 5, 37, 120–3, 179

Carazo, 118, 181

Catholic Church, 128, 152, 154–5

CDS, 28–30, 128

Chamorro, Violeta, 31, 75, 115, 116–18, 123, 169

CIA, 30, 96

CIERA, 64, 67–9

CLS, 135, 137–9, 159

Colombia, 24, 46

Contra War, vii, 1, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 30, 32, 36, 46–56, 61, 68, 109, 149, 150, 165, 166, 169, 174

Cooperatives, 48–51, 54, 66, 106–7, 109–14, 118, 121–2, 130, 136, 142, 149–50, 159

Costa Rica, 22, 34, 92, 95, 118

CPC, 127, 131–5, 139, 159–60

Credit and Saving Cooperatives, CCS, 49, 106, 109, 111–113

Cuba, 2, 23, 25, 27, 30, 76, 89–91, 95, 166, 167, 173–174, 179

DDR, 30, 91, 93, 94

DEA, 36

El Salvador, 6, 22, 32, 33, 34, 53, 95, 151

Elections, 4, 5, 24, 37, 47, 61, 71, 74, 75, 130, 131–3, 135, 150, 169, 179

ENABAS, 63, 66, 72, 75, 76, 78

EPS, 27, 32, 47

Esteli, 8, 68, 147,148, 151, 152, 153, 154

Exceptionalism, 1–17, 22–4, 40, 46, 58, 80, 95–6, 103–6, 109, 114, 116, 117, 122–3, 143, 145, 148, 162, 166–7, 174, 176, 179, 183

Fair Trade, 16, 77, 114, 121–3, 142

FAO, 61, 63, 64, 70, 81

Fonseca, Carlos, 10, 89

food aid, 61, 69, 70, 73, 75, 77, 80

food security, 64, 65, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 122

food sovereignty, 62, 63, 65, 76, 77, 81

FSLN, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 25, 26, 32, 35–8, 40, 45, 46, 47, 54–8, 75, 79, 81, 89, 91, 93, 104, 106, 109, 114, 123, 127, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138–43, 148–50, 159, 161, 166, 169, 170, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180–3

Gabinetes de la Familia, 135, 160

Gender, 35, 166, 172–6

Germany, 146

Graeber, David, 88

Granera, Aminta, 26, 29, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41

Guatemala, 22, 32, 33, 53, 95, 117

HIV/AIDS, 165, 169, 170, 174

Honduras, 22, 33, 34, 49, 50, 95, 96, 113, 149

Horton, Lynn, 56, 159, 181

Hurricane Joan, 72–5

Indio Maíz reserve, 8

INSS, 5, 8

Jinotega, 6, 9, 113, 118

liberation theology, 25, 145, 147, 149–56, 162

Managua, 5, 8, 9, 24–6, 28, 29, 32, 38, 67, 69, 71, 74, 78, 137, 138, 169, 170, 173, 175

Matagalpa, 54, 78, 108, 113, 118, 121, 142, 180

Mexico, 24, 72, 90, 92, 114

Mística, 22, 27, 32, 40, 43, 137

MIDINRA, 111

Montoya, Rosario, 7, 11, 154n10

Murillo, Rosario, 2, 36, 37, 134, 171

National Police (PN), 5, 8, 21–2, 35–40, 45, 56–7, 118, 121, 133, 135, 181–2

Northern Triangle, 22, 33, 34

Organization of American States, 5, 7, 11

Ortega, Daniel, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6–10, 12–14, 21–3, 31, 35–40, 61–2, 74–7, 81, 87, 89, 93–4, 96–8, 131, 149, 160, 162, 166, 169, 171–4, 182

Ortega, Zoilamérica, 171, 172, 174

peasants, 5, 12–16, 46–51, 54, 55–7, 62–3, 66, 68–9, 73–3, 76, 78, 80, 81, 83, 103, 105–14, 117, 121–3, 141, 157n12, 180, 181, 182

plan techo, 138, 160

protests, 5, 8, 21, 25, 31, 37, 39, 69, 110, 116

RAAN, 47

Race, 173, 175n22, 183

Ramírez, Sergio, 3, 88, 92, 93

Reagan, Ronald, 4, 30, 64, 90, 91, 92, 105

Ruiz, Henry, 7

Russia, 15, 93–8

Sandinismo, 23, 92, 97, 147, 167

Sandinista Agricultural Cooperatives (CAS), 106, 111–13

Sandinista Police, 26–35, 52–3

Sandino, 10, 110, 179

Segovias, 121, 181

Self-Defence Cooperatives, 49, 149

SMP, 49, 57, 113

Somoza Debayle, Anastasio, 9, 10, 25–7

Somoza dynasty, 4, 7, 14, 22, 28, 30, 33, 36, 39–40, 54, 65, 66, 87, 89, 90, 104, 108, 119, 128, 167, 180, 181

Somoza García, Anastasio, 23–4, 182

Soviet Union, 30, 74, 87, 89–96, 98, 110–11

Spain, 34, 121, 157

students, 8, 10, 34, 39, 57, 87, 90, 151, 169, 180

Sweden, 34

Torrijos, Omar, 27

Trump, Donald, 1

UNAG, 76, 106–11, 113, 114, 129

United Nations, 24, 39

United States, 1, 15, 23, 87–93, 95, 96, 98, 132, 168, 173, 174, 175

emigration to, 2, 6, 33

intervention of, 4, 70, 74, 169, 182

universities, 9, 21, 34, 57, 115, 141

UNO, 62, 75, 81, 169

UNRISD, 64

Vatican II, 156

Venezuela, 2, 6, 9, 76n70, 81, 96–7, 183

Vivas, René, 26, 27, 31

Zero Hunger Program, 61, 76, 77, 78n78