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table of contents
  1. Title
  2. Copyright
  3. Contents
  4. Acknowledgements
  5. Introduction: Multiple-fatality fires, deregulation and the value of ‘thinking with history’
  6. 1. From byelaws to building regulations: recasting building control in Britain since the nineteenth century
    1. The onset of public health regulation
    2. The emergence of national regulation
    3. Recasting the Building Regulations
    4. Conclusion
  7. 2. How red tape saves lives: the law on fire precautions in Britain since the 1970s
    1. The beginnings of proactive regulation
    2. Towards a fire service-led approach
    3. The deregulatory impulse
    4. Conclusion
  8. 3. The mixed economy of ‘scientific governance’ in twentieth-century Britain
    1. The emergence of fire testing
    2. The ascendancy of jointly funded fire research
    3. The contested nature of fire research
    4. Consumer safety
    5. The era of scientific self-governance
    6. Conclusion
  9. 4. The path of least intervention in the ‘great unswept corner of English housing policy’: multiple-fatality fires in houses in multiple occupancy in the 1980s and 1990s
    1. Multiple-fatality fires in HMOs
    2. Licensing HMOs
    3. Conclusion
  10. Conclusion: The need to learn before and after Grenfell
  11. Bibliography
    1. Manuscript collections
    2. Parliamentary papers and other official publications
    3. Other contemporary published reports
    4. News sources
    5. Websites
    6. Secondary sources
  12. Index

Index

  • activist communities, 87, 99–100, 104–5, 110–11
  • Addison, Christopher, MP, Minister of Reconstruction (1917–19), Minister of Health (1919–21), 64–5
  • Adley, Robert, MP, 44–5
  • Anderson, Donald, MP, 96
  • Apps, Peter, housing journalist, 7, 84
  • architects, architectural profession, 1, 2–3, 4, 17–18, 23, 26–9, 33, 47, 48–9, 65, 67. See also Bossom Arthur; Clingan, George Pierce; Royal Institute of British Architects; Webb, Sam
  • archives, 1–2, 7–8
  • austerity, 9, 107
  • Bain, Sir George, university administrator and civil servant, 55–6
  • Battersea, South London, 78
  • Beacock, Nicholas, housing campaigner, 92, 98–9. See also charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations, Campaign for Bedsit Rights
  • bedsits, bed-and-breakfast accommodation, 14, 85–7, 90–1, 92–3, 96. See also hostels; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs); lodging houses
  • Better Regulation Task Force, 54. See also deregulation; regulation; self-regulation
  • Birmingham, West Midlands, 90, 99, 104
  • Blackpool, Lancashire, 45, 46, 100
  • Blair, Tony, MP, Prime Minister (1997–2007), 34, 54
  • Boreham Wood, Hertfordshire, 65
  • Bossom, Arthur, MP, 18–19
  • Bradford, West Yorkshire, 52
  • Bradford City Football Club, 52
  • Brentford, West London, 58
  • Bristol, County of Avon, 99
  • British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 39, 80
  • Brittan, Leon, MP, Home Secretary (1983–85), 51–2
  • builders, 18, 23
  • building control inspectors, 29–30, 32
  • building materials, 4, 17, 18, 23, 24, 68, 109
  • brick, 17, 22
  • building boards, 70–71
  • concrete, 3, 4, 17
  • plaster, 17, 48, 70
  • plastic, 27–8
  • steel, 4, 17, 27
  • timber, 18, 49, 52, 85
  • See also building regulations; building safety; cladding; systems building
  • building regulations, 4, 5, 6–8, 15, 107
  • approved documents, 35–6, 38
  • as burdens, 8, 19, 34, 41, 52
  • costs of, 18, 22, 29
  • ‘deemed to satisfy’, 21, 24, 33
  • eras of building control, 20–21
  • limits of, 82
  • London building codes, 21–2, 23, 25, 26
  • model byelaws, 8, 18, 21–4, 34
  • national regulations, 17–19, 22, 24–30, 49, 71
  • recasting, 12, 20, 21, 26, 30–37, 78, 98
  • Building Regulations Advisory Committee, 25
  • Building Research Establishment (BRE), 10, 61–2, 65, 76, 78–84, 110–11
  • formation, 76
  • privatisation, 63, 83–4
  • building safety, 4, 20, 66, 109, 110–14
  • research and testing, 10, 62, 63–5, 76, 96
  • See also fire safety research and testing
  • building types
  • care homes, old people’s homes, 41, 48–9, 50–51, 54, 58
  • clubs, restaurants and licensed premises, 42, 47
  • factories, 42, 70
  • holiday camps, 28, 56
  • homes, 23, 29–31, 47, 68–70, 72–5, 81–2, 90–91, 95, 105–6
  • hospitals, 29, 41, 46, 47–8, 49, 58
  • hostels, 47–8, 56, 89–92, 100, 102. See also bedsits
  • hotels and boarding houses, 39–41, 43–7, 54, 56, 58–9, 91, 93
  • leisure centres, 26–9
  • prisons, 58
  • public toilets, 46
  • schools, 29, 48, 49, 70
  • shopping centres, shops, 19, 40, 42
  • stadiums, 41
  • student residential accommodation, 48, 49
  • tower blocks. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
  • transport premises, 41, 42, 85, 105
  • burdens of business, 8, 34, 41, 52
  • burns, burns injuries, 72, 74, 85
  • Butlins holiday camp, 28
  • Cabinet Office, 41
  • care homes. See building types
  • Central Fire Brigades Advisory Council, 15, 51, 79–80, 84, 110
  • certification, 3, 8, 32–3, 39–40, 44–7, 53, 56. See also fire precautions
  • charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations, 2, 85–8, 91, 95–6, 98–9, 101–2, 104–5
  • Brent Private Tenants Rights Group, 100
  • Brent Women’s Aid, 89
  • Brent Women’s Centre, 90
  • British Fire Prevention Committee, 64
  • British Safety Council, 74
  • Camden Committee for Community Relations, 97
  • Camden Federation of Private Tenants, 100
  • Campaign for Bedsit Rights, 87, 98–100
  • Campaign for the Homeless and Roofless, 87, 90, 92, 95–6, 98
  • Catholic Order of the Missionaries of Charity, 89
  • Claddag, 37n75
  • Crisis, 99, 103
  • Disability Rights UK, 37n75
  • Grenfell United, 14n49, 37n75
  • Housing Associations Charitable Trust, 99
  • Kensington & Chelsea Private Tenants Rights Project, 100
  • National Tower Blocks Network (Tower Blocks UK), 3, 82. See also Webb, Sam
  • Newham Tower Block Tenants Campaign, 81–2
  • North Kensington Law Centre, 93, 94–5
  • Shelter, 85, 87, 93, 103
  • civil service, civil servants, 46–7, 51, 82–3
  • need to learn with history, 15–16, 107–11
  • scientific civil service, 25, 61–2, 63–4, 67–8, 69, 72, 78
  • testimony to Grenfell Tower Inquiry, 19, 41
  • Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, 90
  • cladding, 1, 4–5, 27, 80–84
  • at Grenfell Tower, 57, 105
  • testing of, 36, 63, 77, 79, 82–3
  • Clarke, S.H., director, Fire Research Station, 67–8
  • class, classes. See also gender; race
  • and consumerism, 72
  • and homeownership, 31
  • and safety, 73
  • vulnerability, 3, 90
  • Clingan, George Pierce, Liverpool City Surveyor, 17–19, 21, 24, 37
  • Common Market, 26. See also European Council
  • compartmentation, 6–7, 24, 61, 67. See also stay put
  • Conservative Party
  • attitude towards housing policy and the state, 87–8
  • ideology, 12–13, 19–20, 30–31, 87–8
  • support for landlords, 95–6
  • support for property-owning democracy, 31
  • See also Thatcherism
  • Consortium of Local Authorities Programme (CLASP), 48–9
  • construction industry, construction products industry, 6–7, 36
  • and central government, 13, 31–3, 78–9, 83–4
  • criticism of building regulations, 18–19, 36, 69–71
  • failure of, 36–7, 61, 107
  • ‘race to the bottom’ of building safety, 35, 107–8
  • support for deregulation, 7–8, 57, 79
  • See also self-regulation
  • consumer protection, 68–9, 72–5, 101, 110
  • consumer society, 72, 109
  • cookers, ovens, 3, 68, 72–3
  • coroners. See inquests
  • Courtney, Roger, chief executive, BRE and director, BRE Trust, 78, 83
  • Covid-19 pandemic, 108–9
  • ‘death-traps’, 1, 27, 46, 97, 101
  • Departmental Committee on Building Byelaws, 23
  • Departmental Committee on the Fire Service, 42–3
  • Department for Communities and Local Government, 16n55, 25
  • Department of the Environment, 25, 36, 38, 76, 83
  • Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 76, 96
  • Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, 109–10
  • Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), 64–5, 66–7, 75
  • Department of Social Security, 100
  • Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions, 16n55, 55
  • deregulation
  • of building control, 7–8, 12, 30–37
  • definition of, 9
  • as economic liberalisation, 11–13
  • failure of, 107–11
  • of fire precautions, 13–14, 41–2, 50–59, 101
  • as government policy, 10–11, 19–20, 41–2, 52–9, 83–4, 87–8, 107
  • historiography, 9–14
  • and home and family life, 12
  • and housing policy, 88, 100–101
  • origins and development of, 9–11
  • paradox of, 13–14, 59
  • See also government; neoliberalism; privatisation; regulation; self-regulation
  • disability
  • disabled persons and risk from fire, 35, 37, 55
  • people with learning disabilities, 47, 58
  • right to personal protections, 49
  • disaster studies, 6
  • emergency planning, preparedness, 69
  • emergency services. See Fire and Rescue Service; London Fire Brigade; Metropolitan Police; West Midlands Fire Brigade
  • environmental health, 86–7, 93, 95, 105
  • environmental protection, 20
  • European Council, 52, 54
  • fatal fires, 73, 79–81, 90, 100. See also multiple-fatality fires
  • Fawlty, Basil, 39–40, 44, 59
  • Fawlty Towers, 39–40
  • Fennell, Sir Desmond, Q.C., 85, 105
  • fire engineering, 2, 7, 33, 65, 67–8, 110–11
  • firefighters
  • changing role, 46, 55–6, 81
  • fire prevention, inspection and investigation, 2–3, 8, 36, 39–40, 43, 46, 49, 56–7, 67, 73–5, 80–81, 86–7, 89, 93–4, 96–7, 104, 109
  • high-rise firefighting and rescue work, 1, 5, 23–4, 79–80, 82
  • national strike, 2002, 55, 57
  • Fire Grading Committee, 66
  • policy, 8, 16, 55–6, 92, 110–11
  • fire precautions
  • as burdens, 41, 52, 92
  • cost of, 40, 45–6, 51
  • deregulation of, 8–9, 12, 14, 41–2, 50–57
  • exemptions, 45
  • fire drills, 39–40, 44–6
  • fire extinguishers, 39–40, 53, 67, 87
  • in houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs), 86–7, 94–7
  • means of escape from fire, 26, 28, 34, 38, 43, 86–7, 89, 96, 109
  • value of, 8, 40–41, 45–6, 58–9, 85
  • See also fire precautions; legislation
  • Fire and Rescue Service
  • Fire Research Station, 15, 67–72, 75–9, 82–3. See also Building Research Establishment; fire safety research and testing; Joint Fire Research Organisation
  • fire safety
  • attitudes towards, 39–41
  • and building control, 21–2
  • and fire resistance, 23, 64–6
  • full-scale testing, 78–9
  • internationalisation of standards, 65, 84, 109
  • neglect of, 8, 27, 42–3
  • research and testing, 10, 13, 15, 24, 36, 62–79, 103, 109
  • and risk assessment, 8, 54, 56–7
  • Fire Safety Act, 2021, 37, 109
  • First World War, 23, 64
  • food safety, 20
  • Forte Holdings, 44
  • fridge-freezers, 4, 73
  • gender
  • and domestic safety, 73
  • fire research as gendered work, 67–8
  • and public inquiries, 72
  • and women, 3, 12, 45, 68, 74, 89–92, 106
  • gentrification, 106
  • Gibson, Sir Donald, architect, 48
  • Glasgow, West Scotland, 42, 80
  • government
  • commissioned inquiries into multiple-fatality fires, 4, 23, 26, 48–9, 52–3, 85, 105. See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry
  • culture change, 107–9
  • deregulation, support for, 8, 30, 87–8. See also deregulation, as government policy
  • ‘history gap’, 15
  • learning, failure to learn, 15–16, 49–50, 79–80, 91–2, 107–11
  • machinery of government changes, 16, 25, 36, 55, 57
  • managerialism, 54, 104
  • neglect of building and fire safety, 3, 42–3, 48–9, 57–9, 63, 73, 82, 95
  • organised abandonment of the vulnerable, 6
  • public expenditure cuts, 19, 30, 35, 50–51, 95
  • systemic failure of, 6, 84, 107–8
  • government-commissioned inquiries into multiple-fatality fires
  • Bradford City Football Club, 53
  • King’s Cross Underground, London, 85, 105
  • Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster, 4, 26, 72–3, 92
  • Stardust, Dublin, 77
  • Summerland Commission of Inquiry, 27–8
  • governments
  • Conservative, 1951–64, 11, 12, 29, 42, 74–5
  • Conservative, 1970–74, 42–3
  • Conservative, 1979–96, 12–14, 30–36, 49, 50–54, 77, 83–4, 87–8, 90–91, 98, 100–103
  • Conservative, 2015-, 36–7, 109–10
  • Conservative-Liberal Democratic, 2010–15, 9, 41
  • Labour, 1945–51, 11
  • Labour, 1964–70, 11, 12, 26, 29–30, 42, 69
  • Labour, 1974–79, 39, 49–50
  • New Labour, 1997–2010, 36, 41–2, 53–7, 103–4
  • Great Fire of London, 18, 21–2
  • Grenfell Tower
  • 1979 fire, 1–2
  • 2017 fire, 4–5, 21, 27, 36–7, 56–7, 61, 65, 73, 87, 104–5, 107–8
  • See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry; Lancaster West Estate
  • Grenfell Tower Inquiry, 4, 14, 19, 27–8, 31, 37, 41, 44, 48–9, 54, 57, 65, 68, 73, 77, 79, 84, 105, 107–10
  • Gummer, John, Secretary of State for the Environment (1993–97), 83–4
  • Hackitt, Dame Judith, engineer and civil servant, 6–7, 21, 34, 36–7, 44
  • Hannan, John, MP, 45
  • health and safety, 29–30, 32, 52, 105
  • Health and Safety Executive, 6, 36, 101
  • Heath, Philip, technical manager for Kingspan Insulation Ltd., 57
  • Heathrow Airport, 12–13, 77
  • Heseltine, Michael, MP, Secretary of State for the Environment (1979–83, 1990–92), Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (1992–95), 31–2, 53
  • high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs), 1–4, 36
  • EWS1 surveys, 38
  • fire-fighting access and strategy, 24, 79–80, 109
  • fires and fire risk, 61, 79–83
  • Large Panel Systems and prefabrication, 4, 18, 80
  • precautions, 48, 56
  • refurbishment, 82–3
  • structural safety problems, 1–4, 7, 26, 61–3, 80–81
  • See also fire precautions; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs); housing; Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
  • Hillsborough Disaster (1989), 107
  • history, thinking with, 14–16, 107–11
  • Hitchens, Peter, journalist, 34
  • Hodge Ivy, survivor of the Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster, 3, 72
  • Holland, Kenneth, H.M. Chief Inspector for Fire Services, 47
  • Holmes, Chris, housing campaigner, 96, 103
  • homelessness, 86, 89–90, 94–8, 106
  • Home Office, 28, 51, 52–3, 55, 67, 78, 91, 102
  • ‘homes fit for heroes’, 23
  • hostels, 47, 48, 56, 89–92, 100, 102. See also building types
  • hotels and boarding houses, 14, 38, 39–41, 43–7, 58–9. See also building types
  • houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
  • conditions in, 85–6, 88, 92–34, 98
  • definition of, 97, 100
  • fire risk, 56, 91, 96–7, 101–2
  • forgotten victims of fatal fires, 106
  • licensing, 14, 87, 92, 97–8, 100–104
  • means of escape from fire, 89, 92, 95–6
  • racial inequalities, 96–7
  • See also bedsits; hostels
  • housing
  • charities and grassroots safety campaigns, 2, 80–82, 86, 95–101, 104–5
  • and homelessness, 86, 89–90, 96–7, 106
  • policy, 12, 15–18, 23–4, 66, 79–83, 86, 88, 90, 95–8, 100–1
  • rental market, 12, 22, 86–8, 96–7, 102–4
  • See also high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs); homelessness; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
  • housing associations, 86, 99, 100–101
  • Howard, Michael, MP, Home Secretary (1993–97), 102
  • Hurd, Douglas, MP, Home Secretary (1985–89), 53
  • Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety (Hackitt Review), 6–7, 21, 27, 36–7. See also Hackitt, Dame Judith
  • inquests, 70, 73–4, 91–2, 93–4
  • inspection, 8
  • of high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs), 3, 79–81
  • of hotels and boarding houses, 39, 45, 59
  • inspectorates, 20, 44, 47
  • institutional neglect, 2, 107–8
  • Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, 6n18
  • Joint Fire Research Organisation, 15, 67, 75–6, 110. See also Building Research Establishment; Fire Research Station
  • Joseph, Sir Keith, MP, Secretary of State for Health and Social Services (1970–74), 48
  • Kernick, Gill, author and fire safety campaigner, 108
  • Khan, Sadiq, Mayor of London (2016-), 110
  • King Charles II, 21
  • Kingspan Insulation Ltd., 57, 79
  • Knapman, Dr Paul, H.M. Coroner for Westminster, 94, 96
  • Knowsley Heights, Liverpool, Merseyside, 6n18, 82
  • Labour Party, 54–5, 83, 89–90, 92–3, 97
  • Lakanal House, Camberwell, South London, 6n18, 14, 41, 96n50
  • Lancaster West Estate, North Kensington, West London, 1–2, 3, 75. See also Grenfell Tower
  • Landlords, landlordism
  • buy-to-let, 86
  • of houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs), 92–5, 100–104, 106
  • neglect of safety, 3, 88, 92–3, 97, 104–5
  • opposition to national building regulations, 22, 33
  • powers to evict tenants, 100–101
  • resistance to licensing, 95, 103–4
  • ‘slumlords’, 92, 94
  • Lane, Dr Barbara, fire engineer, 68
  • Law, Margaret, fire engineer, 69
  • law centres, 87, 93, 94–5, 99
  • Lawson, Dennis, director, Fire Research Station, 68, 73–4
  • learning, 14–16, 107–11
  • leaseholders, 33, 37n75
  • Leeds, West Yorkshire, 80
  • legislation
  • Building Safety Act, 2022, 109
  • Deregulation and Contracting Out Act, 1994, 53
  • Fire Precautions Act, 1971, 39–47, 91
  • proposals to extend provisions of, 47–53
  • proposals to reduce law on, 51–7
  • Fire Safety Regulatory Reform Order, 2005, 56–7
  • Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act, 1987, 53
  • Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, 29
  • Housing Act, 1980, 31, 90–92
  • Housing and Building Control Act, 1984, 33–4
  • Housing Act, 1996, 102
  • Housing Act, 2004, 103
  • Housing (Homeless Persons) Act, 1977, 89–90
  • Housing and Local Government Act, 1989, 100–101
  • Housing and Town Planning Act, 1919, 23
  • London Building Act, 1894, 23
  • Oil Burners (Standards) Act, 1960, 74–5
  • Public Health Act, 1848, 22
  • Public Health Act, 1875, 22
  • Public Health Act, 1961, 25
  • lived experiences, 108
  • Liverpool, Merseyside, 6n18, 17, 42, 82
  • Lloyd George, David, MP, Prime Minister (1916–22), 23
  • local authorities
  • Brent Borough Council, North-West London, 89–91
  • Camden Borough Council, Central London, 97, 100
  • Douglas Corporation, Isle of Man, 27
  • Greater London Council, 26, 92, 98, 99
  • Haringey Borough Council, North London, 85–6
  • London County Council, 23, 24, 65
  • Metropolitan Board of Works, 23
  • Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, West London, 1–2, 4–5, 75, 93
  • local government
  • central government mistrust of, 19, 49–50, 88
  • controls over local authorities, 50–51, 59, 95, 98–101
  • criticism of central government, 100
  • criticism of local authorities, 1, 21–4, 29–30, 32–4, 71, 94–5
  • ‘loony left’ councils, 99
  • powers of local authorities, 88–90, 92, 97–8
  • rate capping, 32, 98
  • Local Government Board, 22
  • lodging houses, 14, 87. See also bedsits; hostels; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
  • London. See building regulations; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations; London Fire Brigade; local authorities; multiple-fatality fires; Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
  • London Fire Brigade, 5, 23, 53, 58–9, 89, 94
  • London Review of Books, 7
  • MacLean, Fitzroy, MP, 45
  • Major, John, Prime Minister (1992–97), 101, 102
  • ‘market-driven politics’, 12. See also deregulation, privatisation, Thatcherism
  • Marshall, Jim, MP, 95
  • May, Theresa, MP, Prime Minister (2016–19), 4
  • memorials, memorialisation, 96, 105–6, 111
  • Merry Hill, Smethwick, West Midlands, 81
  • Metropolitan Police, 94, 97
  • migrants, 86, 92–3
  • Ministry of Health, 23, 65
  • Ministry of Home Security, 67
  • Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 25
  • Ministry of Public Building and Works, 25
  • Ministry of Technology, 69
  • Moore-Bick, Sir Martin, High Court judge, 4, 14
  • multiple-fatality fires, 5–6
  • Birmingham (2005), 105
  • Blackpool (1988), 100
  • Bolton (1961), 42
  • Bradford City Football Club (1985), 14, 52–3
  • Cambridge (1972), 45
  • Church Stretton (1968), 43
  • Coldharbour Hospital, Dorset (1972), 48, 76
  • Dublin, Stardust nightclub (1981), 77
  • Fairfield Home, Edwalton, Nottinghamshire (1974), 48–9
  • Glasgow, Grafton’s department store (1949), 42
  • Keighley (1956), 42
  • Kilburn, women’s hostel (1980), 47, 89–92, 106
  • Kings’ Cross London Underground (1987), 14, 53, 85, 105
  • Lakanal House (2009), 6n18, 14, 41, 96n50
  • Liverpool, Henderson’s department store (1960), 42
  • London, New Langham Hotel (1971), 44
  • Manchester, Woolworths’ store (1979), 77
  • North Kensington, Grenfell Tower (2017), 4–5, 21, 27, 36–7, 56–7, 61, 65, 73, 87, 104–5, 107–8
  • Notting Hill, Clanricarde Gardens (1981), 92–5
  • Oban (1972), 45
  • Saffron Walden, Rose & Crown (1969), 43
  • Scarborough (1994), 102
  • Stornoway (1966), 43
  • Summerland (1973), 26–9, 61, 77
  • Ware, Hertfordshire (1959), 73
  • Westminster, Gloucester Place (1985), 96–7
  • multi-storey housing. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
  • Nabarro, Gerald, MP, 74
  • National Coal Board, 29
  • neoliberalism, neoliberal governments, 9–10, 12, 20, 30, 41–2, 50, 107
  • New Cross Massacre (1981), London, 97
  • Newham, East London, 3–4, 81–2. See also Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
  • New Labour. See governments; Labour Party
  • Newspapers and media
  • Daily Express, The, 34, 74
  • Daily Mail, The, 29–30, 34, 99
  • Daily Mirror, The, 27–8, 46
  • Evening Standard, 99
  • Financial Times, The, 28
  • Guardian, The, 34
  • Times, The, 74
  • North Kensington, West London, 1, 92–3, 95, 107. See also Grenfell Tower; Kensington and Chelsea Royal Borough Council; Lancaster West Estate
  • Oakley, Robin, journalist, 34
  • Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 55–6
  • Ove Arup, engineering firm, 68
  • Paddington, Central London, 95
  • Paul, Dr David, Coroner for North London District, 91
  • Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans, 37, 49. See also disability
  • policymaking, policymakers. See also civil service; government
  • ‘history gap’, 15
  • need to think with history, 107–11
  • sensitivity to over-regulation, 23
  • Pontypridd, Rhondda County, Wales, 100
  • Prescott, John, MP, Deputy Prime Minister (1997–2007), 55
  • privatisation, 10, 19, 52, 87, 109
  • of fire research, 13, 75–6, 77, 83–4
  • of public utilities, 20–21, 31, 52
  • professional bodies, stakeholder groups and trade unions
  • Association of District Councils, 100
  • British Hotels and Restaurants’ Association, 43
  • British Standards Institution, 23, 24, 65, 67, 71
  • Fibre Building Board Development Organisation, 70–71
  • Fire Brigades Union, 10, 15, 29, 46, 55, 73, 99, 101–2, 110
  • Fire Insurers’ Research and Testing Organisation, 77
  • Fire Offices’ Committee, 64–5, 67, 75, 77
  • Fire Protection Association, 43, 47
  • Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors, 17, 38
  • Institute of Building Control, 33
  • Institute of Environmental Health Officers, 95
  • Institute of Fire Engineers, 33
  • Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 32, 38
  • Institute of Structural Engineers, 17
  • Law Society, 99
  • National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, 99
  • National Consumer Council, 101
  • National Corporation for the Care of Old People, 49
  • National House-Building Council, 32–4
  • National Landlords Association, 104
  • Oil Appliance Manufacturers Association, 75
  • Personal Social Services Council, 50
  • Royal Institute of British Architects, 23, 33, 65
  • Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 33, 38
  • Timber Research Development Association, 71
  • Trades Union Congress, 46
  • professional periodicals, 17–18
  • Caterer and Housekeeper, 45
  • Fire, 43
  • Inside Housing, 7
  • Municipal Journal, 32
  • Roof, 85
  • Surveyor, The, 95
  • Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer, 17
  • public health, 8, 21–4
  • public inquiries, 4–5, 14, 48–9, 53, 107–8. See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry
  • race, racism, 93, 97. See also housing in multiple occupancy (HMOs); rental property market
  • Rachman, Peter, landlord, 92
  • Rasbash, David, fire engineer, 68
  • Raynsford, Nick, MP, Minister of State for Local and Regional Government (2001–5), 55–6
  • Read, R.E.H., fire engineer, 61–2
  • red tape, 9, 19, 29–30, 34, 52, 54
  • Red Tape Challenge, 41
  • regulation
  • better regulation, 54, 103
  • costs of, 11–12, 37, 46, 49–50, 56
  • criticisms of regulations, 20, 41, 49, 54, 109
  • hyper-innovative, 51–2
  • micro-practices of, 40–41, 58–9, 85
  • path of least intervention, 20, 88, 92, 101–2, 110–11
  • regulate to deregulate, 13–14, 34, 41–2, 53
  • regulatory state, 51–2, 54–5
  • value of regulation, 108–11
  • See also building regulations; deregulation; fire precautions; self-regulation
  • rental property market
  • deregulation of, 100–104
  • racial inequalities of, 96–7
  • residents
  • experience of fire, 1, 80–82
  • neglect of concerns, 1, 80, 87, 93, 108
  • safety campaigns and mobilisation, 2–3, 75, 80–82, 97, 100
  • Rhys-Williams, Brandon, MP, 95
  • risk, risk assessment, 8, 101. See also fire precautions
  • Robens, Lord, politician, trade unionist and civil servant, 29
  • Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster (1968), 3–4, 26, 67, 72–3, 79, 81–2, 92
  • Royston Hill, Glasgow, 80
  • Rushdie, Salman, novelist, 97
  • St Pancras New Church, 105
  • safety. See building safety; fire safety; residents
  • safety inspectorates, 20
  • sanitary control, 22
  • scalds, scalding, 75
  • scientific governance, 62–3, 72–5
  • and civil service, 63, 67–9
  • self-governance, 75–84
  • Second World War, 17–18, 23–4, 66
  • self-regulation, 8, 13, 29, 30–3, 49, 53–4, 103. See also deregulation; regulation
  • Sharples, Richard, MP, Minister of State at the Home Office (1970–2), 44
  • slow disaster, 6
  • slums, slumlords, 92, 94, 97, 101
  • Smith, Harry, H.M. Chief Inspector of Fire Services, 44
  • social democracy, 31
  • Southampton, Hampshire, 99
  • space heaters, 3, 68, 73–5, 98
  • stay put, 5, 14, 24, 38, 67, 79–80. See also compartmentation; firefighters
  • stigma, 48, 89
  • students, student accommodation, 85–6, 99, 103
  • surveyors, 17–18, 22, 29–30
  • Swansea, Glamorgan, South Wales, 96
  • systems building, 4, 24, 47–8, 80. See also building materials; high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
  • Taylor Woodrow-Anglian, construction firm, 4
  • television sets, 43, 68
  • tenants. See activist communities; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations; residents.
  • Thatcher, Margaret, MP, Prime Minister (1979–90), 30, 90
  • Thatcherism, 12–14, 19–20, 31, 39, 77, 86–7, 98. See also Conservative Party
  • third sector, 10, 87–8, 102–4. See also activist communities; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations
  • Torquay, Devon, 39
  • Tower blocks. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
  • Townsley, Colin, London firefighter, 53
  • Tracey, Richard, MP, Minister for Sport (1985–87), 98
  • trade unions, unionism, 2, 46, 55, 73, 87, 104. See also professional bodies, stakeholder groups and trade unions
  • Travelodge, 58–9
  • Trust House Ltd., 44
  • University College London, 83
  • University of Edinburgh, 68
  • University of Greenwich, 68
  • urban regeneration, 12, 106
  • vulnerable communities, vulnerability, 1, 3, 12, 28, 47, 54, 61, 84–5, 89–91, 104, 107–9
  • Warrington Fire Research Centre, 71, 77
  • Webb, Sam, architect and fire safety campaigner, 3, 44, 81, 92
  • welfare, welfare reform, 18–19, 30, 62–3, 77, 86–7, 104, 109
  • Welsh Affairs Parliamentary Committee, 100
  • West Midlands Fire Brigade, 81
  • Westminster Coroners’ Court, 93. See also Knapman, Dr Paul
  • Whalley Peter, journalist, 29–30
  • Wheeler, John, MP, 95
  • Whitelaw, William, MP, Home Secretary (1979–83), 91
  • Wilcox, Lady Judith, chair of the National Consumer Council, 101
  • Wilson, Harold, MP, Prime Minister (1964–70, 1974–76), 39, 69
  • Young, Lord George, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Environment (1981–86); Minister of State for Housing (1990–94), 34, 52, 95

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