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Church and People in Interregnum Britain: Index

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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Series Information
  4. Title Page
  5. Copyright Page
  6. Contents
  7. List of figures
  8. List of tables
  9. List of contributors
  10. Acknowledgements
  11. Abbreviations
  12. Introduction: stability and flux: the Church in the interregnum
  13. The administration of the interregnum Church
    1. 1. What happened in English and Welsh parishes c.1642–62?: a research agenda
      1. Many traditional parish records were lost, but were there any gains?
      2. What happened to parish registers?
      3. What happened to parish records in general?
      4. What happened to parish clergy?
      5. What happened to Church officials?
      6. What happened to Church services, customs and ‘rites of passage’?
      7. What happened to the maintenance and repair of churches?
      8. How were parishes financed during this period?
      9. What happened to ‘Church/state relations’ during this period?
      10. How did people feel about these changes?
      11. How can we get towards a fuller picture?
    2. 2. ‘Soe good and godly a worke’: the surveys of ecclesiastical livings and parochial reform during the English Revolution
    3. 3. The ecclesiastical patronage of Oliver Cromwell, c.1654–60
  14. The clergy of the Commonwealth
    1. 4. The impact of the landscape on the clergy of seventeenth- century Dorset
      1. Introduction
      2. The Dorset landscape and its impact on parochial experiences
      3. Impact of parish terrain
      4. Value and use of glebe land
      5. Tithe income
      6. Persecution
      7. Cross-county mobility
      8. Conclusion
    2. 5. The clergy of Sussex: the impact of change, 1635–65
      1. Methodological issues
      2. Puritanism
      3. Clergy origins
      4. Education
      5. Wealth and wills
      6. Ejections and displacement
      7. Conclusion
  15. Enforcing godly ideals
    1. 6. ‘Breaching the laws of God and man’: secular prosecutions of religious offences in the interregnum parish, 1645–60
      1. Profaning the Sabbath
      2. Because of swearing, the land mourneth
      3. Keeping a close eye on adulterers
      4. Such persons as refuse to pay their dues
      5. Disorders in church
      6. Prosecutions for non-conformity
    2. 7. Scandalous Ayr: parish-level continuities in 1650s Scotland
      1. Early modern scandal
      2. Scandal in mid-seventeenth-century Scotland
      3. Ayr’s kirk session and scandal
      4. Parish-level continuities
      5. Conclusion
  16. Traditionalist religion: patterns of persistence and resistance
    1. 8. Malignant parties: loyalist religion in southern England
      1. Evidence for the Directory and the Book of Common Prayer
      2. Evidence for the celebration of major festivals
      3. Other evidence for loyalist religion
      4. The Restoration and after
    2. 9. ‘God’s vigilant watchmen’: the words of episcopalian clergy in Wales, 1646–60
      1. Introduction
      2. Civil War context, 1641–7
      3. Political words
      4. Conclusion
  17. Remembering godly rule
    1. 10. ‘A crack’d mirror’: reflections on ‘godly rule’ in Warwickshire in 1662
      1. Flight and ejection, 1642–57
      2. Puritan intruders in the 1640s and 1650s
      3. The Warwickshire clergy of 1660–2
        1. Disputed titles
        2. Clerical remuneration
        3. Religious separatism
      4. Returners
      5. Remainers
      6. Puritan intruders who conformed
      7. Ejected puritans and ‘new loyalists’, 1660–2
      8. The mirrors of memory
      9. Conclusion
  18. Index

Index

Abbot, John, 113

Aberdeen, 52, 180, 184, 187

Abergavenny, 239–40

adultery. See sexual offences: adultery

advowsons, 41, 66–7, 95–6, 260

Alcester, Warwickshire, 247, 260, 262, 268, 274

Alcock, Lewis, 160

aldermen, 12, 63

Alderminster, Warwickshire, 259, 270

alehouses, 9, 38, 128, 141, 143–7, 153, 165, 250, 253, 266

Allington, John, 252–3, 271

Anabaptists. See Baptists

Anglicanism

High Church, 134

traditionalist, 138, 168, 193–217, 238, 253

Anne of Denmark, Queen, 116

Antichrist, the, 162, 213, 227

anticlericalism, 143, 164, 245

antipuritanism, 13, 219, 250–1, 253

Apostles, the, 77, 237, 262

Aquinas, Thomas, 174

archbishops, 1, 15, 73, 80, 93, 115, 196, 253

archdeacons, 19–20, 25, 36–7

Ardingly, Sussex, 113, 128, 132

Arminianism, 15, 77, 123

army, the, 139, 169, 270

in Scotland, 178–80, 190

parliamentarian, 78, 124, 127–8, 151, 222, 226

royalist, 7, 124, 127–8, 151, 224, 235

army officers, 9–10, 24, 26, 36, 52, 63, 128, 130, 142, 145, 152, 154, 160, 167–8, 197, 218, 233, 253

parliamentarian, 251, 261, 263–4, 270–1

royalist, 127, 221–2

Array, Commissioners of, 222

Arrow, Warwickshire, 255

artisans, 12, 114, 118, 132, 147, 156, 161, 163, 253, 268

Arundel, Sussex, 23, 117, 127–8

Ashburnham family, 124

atheism, 172, 185, 187, 268

augmentations, 11, 15, 26, 41, 46–7, 49, 56–7, 60–1, 63, 69, 76, 78, 91, 259

Aylesbury, Thomas, 274

A Treatise of the Confession of Sinne, 245

Bacon, Francis, of Astley, Warwickshire, 255

Baker, Thomas, 251–2, 262–4

ballads, 218–19, 226

baptism, 7, 23, 28–9, 32–3, 123, 155, 167, 181, 230, 239, 262, 267

Baptists, 1, 5, 9–10, 12, 15, 77, 79, 118, 138, 210, 239–40, 260, 262

Barking, Essex, 156, 159

Barton, William, 12–13, 15

Bastard, Thomas, 97–8

Baxter, Richard, 5, 14–15, 37, 74, 76, 79, 219

Baxterley, Warwickshire, 251–2, 262

Beake, Robert, 250, 254

Becket, William, 81

Bedfordshire, 42, 48, 199

bells, church, 7, 146, 159, 200, 207

Benn, William, 106

Bere Regis, Dorset, 97–8

Berkshire, 48, 52, 197, 199

Berry, James, Major-General, 142, 233

Bible, the, 53, 77, 103, 123–4, 146, 148, 150, 167, 174, 202–4, 212, 220, 228–9, 232, 238, 241, 261, 268

Bird, John, 70, 78

Birmingham, 246–7, 264, 268, 270, 274

births, registration of, 32–3, 148, 159

bishops, 1, 27, 35–7, 44, 46, 80, 116, 122, 127, 217, 230, 233, 235, 237–8, 258, 265

Blackburn, Lancashire, 45, 57, 58, 61

Blackmore Vale, Dorset, 88–94, 97–104, 106–9

Blandford Forum, Dorset, 94–5, 108

blasphemy, 12, 150, 153, 164, 166, 169, 172, 178, 187, 266

Blaxton family, 116

Boatman, John, 13, 15

Bodleian Library. See University of Oxford

Bradford Peverell, Dorset, 88, 108

Bravell, Thomas, 102–3

Breconshire, Wales, 224, 231–2

bribery, 177, 266

Bridgeman, John, bishop of Chester, 46

Brinklow, Warwickshire, 253, 262, 274

Bristol, 7, 43, 53, 60, 62–3, 101, 159, 195–7, 199, 202–3, 205, 207, 212, 215, 253

Brownrigg, Ralph, Bishop of Exeter, 80

Buckhorn Weston, Dorset, 99–100

Buckinghamshire, 34–5, 48, 74, 116, 129, 152, 199

Bulkeley, Lord, of Baron Hill, 237

Bull, George, Bishop of St David’s, 1

Burdett, Sir Francis, 252

Burgess, Anthony, 247

burial practices, 8, 28, 32–3, 123, 127, 167, 179, 200, 239, 241, 267, 270

Burntisland, Fife, 176, 178, 185

Burton Bradstock, Dorset, 90, 92, 101

Burton Dassett, Warwickshire, 247, 263, 268

Burton, Sussex, 114, 123–4, 132

Burwash, Sussex, 122, 132–3

Bury, Lancashire, 53, 61

Caernarfon, 155, 224

Caernarfonshire, 154, 164

Calamy, Edmund, 29, 78, 82, 111–12

Calvinism, 171–2, 176, 189, 192, 251

Carmarthenshire, 232

Carter, John, 13

catechizing, 5, 28, 32–3, 53, 164, 185, 233

cathedrals, 4, 10, 12, 19, 21, 34, 37, 41, 43, 46, 52, 62, 123, 127–8, 132, 168, 195, 211–13, 238

Catholicism, 7, 14–15, 20, 26, 29, 38, 58, 68, 70, 114, 129, 134, 143, 152, 161, 165, 166–7, 169, 197, 220, 227, 234–6, 238, 240, 246, 250, 251–3, 260–1, 266–7

Caudwell, William, 261, 266

censorship, 20

Ceredigion, 220, 231

ceremonialism, 107, 123, 169, 197, 212

Chailey, Sussex, 112, 133

chalk, 87–8, 109

chancels. See church buildings: chancels

chancery. See law courts

Channel Islands, the, 115

chapels, 43, 45, 52, 56–8, 60–1, 90–2, 101, 104, 133, 145, 160–1, 164

new, 43, 58

chaplains, 2, 7, 56, 64, 67, 73, 82, 116–17, 124, 127, 224, 230, 235, 237, 250

charity, 31, 116, 122–4, 128, 210, 230, 233–4, 253

Charles I, King, 150, 254, 258, 262, 265

Charles II, King, 258

Cheadle, Cheshire, 145, 168

Cheshire, 22, 45, 48–9, 67, 139, 140–1, 144–8, 152–3, 155, 157–61, 164–5, 167–8, 199, 221, 236

Chester, 46, 127, 146–7, 159, 223

Chichester, xii, 22–4, 26, 34, 111–12, 114, 116, 117, 120, 127, 132

children, 5, 7, 29, 32, 95, 112, 118, 124, 128, 146, 150–1, 157, 167, 173, 176, 181, 185, 222, 230, 251, 253, 260, 271

Chirk, 222, 226, 233

church and state, 9, 36, 65, 137–71

church attendance, 28, 91, 143, 148–9, 153, 157–8, 165, 181, 184, 188, 209, 231, 262–3, 270

church buildings, 10, 168

altars, 35, 196, 211–12, 214, 224, 235, 271

chancels, 158, 160, 262–3

damaged, 10, 259

decoration, 52, 60, 62, 196

destruction, 22, 58, 230

fonts, 230

galleries, 14, 35

keys, 5

pulpits, 8, 10, 35, 58, 163, 184

repairs, 58, 143, 156, 158, 161, 169, 230, 259, 262

ruined, 58–9, 161, 230

seating, 143, 160–4, 169, 181, 200

church calendar, the, 91, 168, 204–7

Christmas, 9, 11, 13, 32, 162, 168, 195, 204–10, 214–15, 230, 231

Easter, 9, 35, 100, 139, 145–6, 159, 168, 195, 204–10, 215

Good Friday, 100

harvest festivals, 32

holy days, 91, 204–5, 208

Palm Sunday, 206–8

Rogation, 32, 212

Whitsun, 168, 195, 204, 206–8, 215

church courts. See ecclesiastical courts

church discipline, 171, 175, 239

church festivals, 195, 197, 204–10, 215, 231, 264

church inventories, 19, 202

church lands, 21, 26, 34, 37, 41, 46, 62, 137

church libraries, 203

church meetings, 161, 168

Church of England, the, 19–21, 27, 29, 34, 36–9, 95, 111, 113, 116, 123–4, 129, 137–8, 217, 229–30, 233, 236, 247, 255

restoration of, 38, 83

the Supreme Governor of, 38, 139

Church of Scotland

consistories, 179, 184

General Assembly, 178

church officers, 30, 52, 141, 146

elections, 132, 146, 156, 159, 161

church records, 19, 21, 24, 26–7

church revels, 168

church services, 91, 157, 161, 164, 184, 245

misbehaviour during, 143–5, 161–5, 181

church surveys, 1, 3, 21, 34, 41–64, 87, 90, 92, 96, 98, 100

Church, the Cromwellian, 21, 138

Church, the national, 6, 83, 138

churches, 222–3

closure of, 44

inaccessible, 57–8, 90–1

churching after childbirth, 8

churchwardens, 1, 10, 19, 25–6, 30, 32, 34, 36, 91, 96–7, 107, 138, 143, 145–6, 151, 157–9, 161, 163, 196, 198–204, 206–10, 212–15, 254, 259, 262–3, 267–8, 270

accounts, 1, 25–6, 32, 34–5, 138, 193–217

churchyards, 108, 145, 151, 160–2, 269

repairs, 158, 160

Civil Wars, the, 2–4, 7, 10–12, 14, 19–20, 24, 27–8, 32, 34–6, 45, 51, 58, 62, 68, 72, 76, 80, 87–8, 106–7, 111–12, 114, 116, 122–3, 127–8, 133, 138, 140, 143, 151, 157–60, 169, 179, 190, 197, 202, 210, 213, 215, 217–18, 220–2, 224–5, 228, 235, 237, 246–7, 251, 258–9, 263, 265–6, 267, 269–71

Clarke, Walwyn, 255, 258, 264–5, 269

Claverdon, Warwickshire, 255, 264, 270

clergy, 2, 111–26, 144, 190, 196, 210, 233, 235, 245–74

absence, 129, 146

accusations against, 128, 255, 263–6

appointment of, 54, 65, 83

artisan, 253

books, 53, 95, 98, 116, 120, 122–3, 233, 252

crimes by, 106, 141, 154, 158

debt and debts owed to, 95–7, 116, 122–3, 233, 266, 270

defamation of, 270

delinquency, 224

drinking, 268, 271

education, 29, 77, 97, 117, 120

ejections, 2–4, 27–9, 35, 37, 54, 68, 72–3, 87, 103–7, 109, 112–14, 117, 125, 133, 152, 156, 167, 197, 205–6, 215, 224, 227, 230–3, 236–8, 246–7, 250–2, 254, 264, 267–9, 270, 274

elderly, 70, 102, 127, 251

endogamy, 96, 115–16

episcopalian, 217–41

estates, 120–2, 124

families, 115–18, 124, 128, 143, 158, 163, 165, 167, 230, 233, 251, 262, 271

fifths, 114, 209, 230, 252, 261, 264

financial losses, 271

imprisonment, 112, 124, 222, 234

in garrisons, 224

income, 3, 41, 54–6, 62, 87, 94, 156–7, 160, 231, 233, 259–60

influence of, 145, 149, 155, 157

insufficiency, 53, 118, 250, 268, 271

interviewing and interrogation of, 28, 68, 73, 75–7, 81, 251, 261, 264

intruding, 4, 105–6, 127, 130–1, 145, 158, 161, 212, 230, 254, 255, 259, 261, 263, 265–7

legal cases, 141, 251, 260, 262–3

loyalist, 158, 245, 247, 250, 255, 258, 260, 270

networks, 81–2, 252

non-residency of, 30, 97, 129–30

ordination, 4, 27, 79–80, 82, 107, 129, 133, 236, 238, 258, 267

origins, 114–15

papers and writings, 123, 219–20, 227, 234, 236, 252, 271

parish, 2, 27–30, 46

parliamentarian, 247, 263, 265–6, 270–1

pluralism, 4, 11, 56, 91, 95, 129, 132

poor, 97–8, 124–5, 217, 222, 230, 234

presentation of, 67, 71

puritan, 247, 251, 253, 257–60, 262–7

quality of, 29

resignations, 118, 128, 255

restoration to livings, 73, 102–5, 113, 118, 261–4

rich, 94–7, 116, 120, 123–4

royalist, 46, 52, 54, 68, 72, 74, 83, 213, 218, 225, 247, 250, 252, 254, 255, 262, 265, 267–9, 271

scandalous, 21, 27, 53, 128–9, 197–8, 225, 247, 250, 253–4, 263, 266, 268, 271

Scottish, 178, 183, 185, 186–7, 189

sequestrations, 11, 46, 68, 72, 87, 96–7, 102–3, 105, 109, 112–13, 116, 123, 133, 160–1, 163, 165, 197, 211–12, 222, 224, 233, 250, 251–2, 254, 259, 261–4

sufferings, 112, 118–19, 129, 217, 230, 233, 235–6, 258, 269–71, 274

testimonials, 82, 103

turnover, 27, 29, 113, 126, 131, 133–4, 247, 254

verbal abuse of/threats to, 143

vestments, 123, 214, 271

violence, involvement in, 143, 234–5, 247, 250–1, 261, 266, 271

vocation, 77, 218, 236, 238

wealth, 121, 125

Welsh, 217–41

wives, 108, 116, 124, 157, 222, 258, 261, 264, 271

Clergy of the Church of England Database, the, 27, 111–13, 130, 133

Clerke, William, Rector of Brinklow, Warwickshire, 262

clothing, 45, 123–4, 128, 131, 147, 164

hats, 146, 263

clubmen, 103, 109, 114

Colchester, Essex, 23, 49, 70, 167

Commissioners for the Approbation of Public Preachers. See Triers, the

committees, 41, 67, 114, 129–30, 233–4

Committee for Indemnity, the, 139

Committee for Plundered Ministers, 30, 46, 50, 53–4, 57, 60, 118, 128, 130, 132, 250, 258, 270

Committee for the Reformation of the Universities, 49

county, 27, 51, 102, 106, 107, 128, 251

parliamentary, 36, 46, 62, 128

councillors, 12, 52, 63

common land, 93–5, 108, 160

Common Prayer, the Book of, 7–8, 20, 31–2, 41, 54, 106, 113, 123, 137, 143, 167, 195–8, 201–4, 206, 209–15, 245, 252–3, 258

Communion, 6–7, 12–13, 25, 28, 32, 35, 54, 159, 185, 195, 197, 200–1, 204–11, 213–15, 232, 253, 261, 263, 266–7

tables, 212, 214

confirmation, 8, 32

Congregationalism, 1–2, 7, 9, 12–13, 16, 20, 37, 65, 77–81, 115, 129, 138, 146, 254, 267

congregations, 38, 45, 144, 157

conscience, 83, 129

constables, 30, 52, 133, 143, 145–8, 151–4, 156, 158, 161, 169, 223, 259

conventicles, 117, 145, 166, 260, 262–3

conversion, experience of, 76–7

Convocation, 36–7

Cornwall, 3–4, 24

Coughton, Warwickshire, 253, 267–8

Council of State for Scotland, the, 178

Council of State, the, 2, 12

court, royal, 113, 125

Covenant. See oaths

Covenanters, Scottish, 177

Coventry, 14, 63, 115, 246–7, 250, 254, 258, 264, 271

Cox, William, 113, 123

Cromwell, Oliver, 1–2, 4, 9–10, 14–16, 21, 26, 63, 65–9, 70–83, 109, 154, 168, 177, 211, 218, 232, 254, 258–9, 261, 265

Croston, Lancashire, 45, 57, 61

Crown, the, 2, 36

Cruso, Aquila, 130

curates, 53–4, 56, 91, 116, 129, 233, 255, 266

cursing, 143, 146, 149, 151, 154, 164, 185

Cwtta Cyfarwydd, the, 226

dancing, 146–7, 188, 268

debates, public. See disputations, public

Decalogue, the, 141, 149

demographics, 31, 33, 42, 44–5, 54–5, 57, 90, 180

Denbighshire, 221, 226, 234, 236

Derby, earls of, 160

Desborough, John, Major-General, 63

devil, the. See Satan

Devizes, Wiltshire, 25, 195, 200, 202–3, 207, 213–14

Devonshire, 22, 48, 78, 81, 95–6, 104, 117, 140, 144, 147–8, 152, 154–5, 161–6, 168

diaries, 5–6, 77, 219, 227, 249

dioceses, 26, 37, 196

Directory for Publique Worship, the, 6–8, 26, 31–3, 41, 197, 201–6, 208, 212, 261

disease, 44–5, 153, 228

disorder, 23, 26, 53, 144, 146, 161–5, 175, 179, 225, 227, 240, 253, 259, 267

in churches, 143

on the Sabbath, 144–5

disputations, public, 5, 12, 237–41

dissent, religious. See non-conformity

doctrine, religious, 10, 15, 123, 141, 148, 172, 217, 230–1, 247, 250, 252, 258

Dorset, 7, 41, 45, 48, 50–9, 61, 64, 75–6, 87– 109, 116, 197, 199

downland, 87–90, 92–6, 98–100, 103, 107–9

drinking, 38, 108, 141, 177–8, 188–9, 250, 268

by the clergy. See clergy drinking

in churches, 141

on the Sabbath. See Sabbath-day observance,

soldiers, with, 186

drunkenness, 9, 11, 128, 144–7, 154, 162, 171, 175, 177, 181, 184–7, 250, 254, 263, 265–6

Duncan, Sara, 189–91

ecclesiastical courts, 9, 20, 26, 37, 120, 125, 128, 139, 157, 159, 173, 174, 179, 182, 184, 260, 262–3, 266–7, 271

Court of Arches, 270

ecclesiastical discipline, 177–8

ecclesiastical hierarchy, 2, 19, 25, 36, 46, 139, 213

ecclesiastical jurisdictions, 27

economic crises, 31

Edinburgh, 172, 175–6, 180,

182, 189

Edsaw, John, 112

Edwards, Thomas, 14

Gangraena, 14

Ejectors, the, 15, 27, 36, 72, 129,

167, 198

elders, church, 171, 173, 183–7, 189–90, 192

emotions

anger, 246, 251–2, 261–2, 270–1

grief, 246

enclosures, 93, 259

England, regions of,

eastern, 72

north-eastern, 72

northern, 42

north-western, 72

south-eastern, 72, 199

southern, 42, 159, 193–217

south-western, 72–3, 159

western, 42, 204–5

episcopacy, 1, 3, 19, 34, 36, 38, 41, 73, 79, 197, 213, 218, 221, 235, 238, 266

abolition of, 30

episcopalianism, 16, 20, 36 81, 220

and episcopalians, 16, 20, 36

Erasmus

Paraphrases, 202–3

Erastianism, 139

Essex, 5–6, 23, 28, 42, 48, 70, 72–3, 77–8, 82, 124, 140, 143, 147, 167, 199, 221–2, 251, 255, 269

Essex, Earl of, 124, 127, 247

eucharist, the. See communion

Europe, 171

Evans, Edward, curate of Llanllwchaiarn, 233

Evans, Richard, vicar of Llanasa, 236

excommunication, 181–2

executions, 3, 114, 151, 154–5, 211

Exeter, 14, 63, 96, 127, 137, 147, 155, 168

family conflict, 181

family history, 33

family networks, 96, 98, 128

farming, 87–9, 92, 94–5, 98, 100–1, 109, 122,147, 233, 259

fasts, 10, 54, 143, 211

feasts, 25, 32, 189, 201

Fife, Scotland, 175–6

Fifth Monarchy, 1, 74, 238

fines, 10, 14, 28, 146, 150–1, 153–4, 178

Flintshire, 147, 221, 223–4, 226, 236–7

flooding, 58, 90–1

food, 147–8

Fox, George, 12, 263

Frampton, Robert, Bishop of Gloucester, 68

freehold property, 234

Frewen family, the, 115

Accepted, Bishop of York, 115

funerals. See burials

Gage family, the, 134

gaming, 38, 144, 173

garrisons, parliamentarian, 58, 103, 106, 109, 127, 224, 247

garrisons, royalist, 127, 151, 224, 263

Garston, Lancashire, 58

Gatford, Lionel, 7

Gauden, John, Bishop of Worcestor, 233, 235

Geneva, 172–7, 182, 190, 192

gentry, the, 34, 96, 106, 114, 124, 127, 134, 146–8, 154, 156, 158, 161, 164, 225, 246, 252–3, 264

puritan, 265

Gerard, Thomas, 88, 90

Gillingham, Dorset, 51, 64, 91, 102, 104

Glamorganshire, 233

Glasgow, 180

glebes, 35, 55, 57, 87, 103, 108–9, 260

income, 98

inventories, 93

terriers, 19, 26, 87, 92–4, 99, 101, 108

Gloucester, 49, 62, 234

Gloucestershire, 41, 48–9, 51, 53–7, 59–63, 71, 81, 199, 234, 253

Glynde, Sussex, 128

Godly, the. See puritanism

Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, 230, 234–5

Goodwin, John, 15, 260, 270

Gospel, the, 171–2

Great Seal, the, 67–8, 70–1, 74

Griffith, Alexander, 228, 232, 238

Griffith, George, Bishop of St Asaph, 237–8

Gundry, Hugh, 106–7

Gwynedd, 147, 231, 235

Hacket, John, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 1

Hampshire, 48, 120, 127, 131, 133, 140, 144–7, 160, 163, 166, 195–7, 199, 201–3, 205–6, 208–12, 214

harvests, 31

Harvey, Christopher, 258, 264–5

Hastings, 132

heathland, 88–90, 93–4, 97–100, 103–4, 107–9

Henchman, Humphrey, Bishop of Salisbury, 81

Henshaw, Joseph, Bishop of Peterborough, 122, 131

Herefordshire, 48, 199, 238

heresy, 123, 232, 239, 245, 268, 270–4

Hertfordshire, 29, 48, 150, 199, 270

holy days. See church festivals

Holyoake, Francis, 251, 255,

258, 269

Homilies, Book of, 202–3, 214

House of Commons. See parliament

House of Lords. See parliament

household religion, 7, 146, 177, 185

Hull, 8, 13, 43, 163

Humbie, East Lothian, 188–9

humour, 146, 150–1, 169, 172–3, 178, 187–9

husbandmen, 146, 156, 163, 226

iconoclasm, 12, 34–5, 37, 197, 213

idleness, 141, 144, 184

imprisonment, 112, 124, 222, 224, 234, 254, 260–1, 263

Independency. See Congregationalism

inflation, 54–5

innovations, religious, 219

inns, 108, 145, 253

Instrument of Government, the, 67–8, 80

Ireland, 80–1, 95, 115

Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, 89–90

Isle of Wight, 46, 49, 160, 195, 199, 205

Jewel, John, 35

Johnson, Thomas, 262–3

Josselin, Ralph, 5

judges, 139, 254

juries, 41, 50–4, 56, 58–9, 161

justices of the peace, 8–9, 13–14, 23, 26, 31, 33, 36, 51–2, 130, 139, 142, 151–3, 159, 161, 169, 215, 252–3, 265–6

summary justice, 253

Juxon, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 253

Keate, James, 96

Kenilworth, Warwickshire, 247, 255, 259, 268

Kent, 7, 21, 24, 28, 36, 38, 48, 65, 67, 120, 131, 133, 140, 147, 199, 210, 218, 227

Kidder, Richard, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1, 8

Kidderminster, Worcestershire, 14

Kimcote, Leicestershire, 251, 267–8, 271

King, Henry, bishop of Chichester, 116, 127

kirk sessions, 171, 175–92

Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth, 246, 271–2

labourers, 147–8, 156–7, 231, 269

Lambarde, William

Eirenarcha (1579), 152

Lamplugh, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 1

Lancashire, 2, 22, 24, 28, 41–2, 44–5, 48–58, 61–3, 138, 140, 146, 157, 159, 164

land usage, 87, 93–4

landholdings, 120–1, 124

landowners, 2

landscape. See topography

Lapworth, Warwickshire, 250, 255, 266

Laud, Archbishop William, 196

Laudianism, 34, 96, 114, 125, 129, 168, 196–7, 228, 247, 251, 267

law courts, 139

assize, 12, 140–1, 152–3, 155–8, 161, 163, 165–8, 196, 200, 221, 254

borough sessions, 9, 147

chancery, 49, 260, 271

civil, 74

Exchequer, the, 26, 254

quarter sessions, 26, 51, 127, 130, 133, 140–9, 196–211, 221, 249

lawyers, 237, 254

Leamington Hastings, Warwickshire, 247, 250, 252, 254–6, 267, 274

lecturers, 4, 11–12, 16, 267, 270

legal records, 138, 139–71

assizes, 10, 26, 36, 50–1, 61, 64, 91, 96, 118, 140, 143, 147, 155, 157–9, 161–2, 164–8, 209, 223, 266

quarter sessions, 139–69

legal reform, 139

legal system, the Scottish, 178

legislation, 44–5, 142, 150

Leicester, 11–12, 14–15, 30, 36, 87, 111, 133, 153, 260

Leicestershire, 34, 247, 251, 266

Lever, Thomas, 247, 250, 254, 267

Lewes, Sussex, 34, 94, 112–14, 120, 124, 128, 133–4

Lewis, John, of Llanbadarn Fawr, 220, 231

Lincoln, 43–44, 128

Lister, William, 101

literacy, 124, 212, 223

liturgy, the, 7, 128, 201, 217, 237, 241, 251–2, 268

Liverpool, 43, 52, 61

livings, 4

division of, 36

farmers of, 160

impropriated, 55, 78, 99, 231, 259

plural, 28, 247, 250, 253

poor, 15, 34, 36, 42, 44, 55–6, 59, 78, 103

rich, 4, 55, 77–9, 96, 130, 250, 258

sequestrated, 11, 70, 72, 78, 81, 118

turnover of, 73, 83

urban, 34

vacant, 3, 11, 46, 55–6, 61, 73, 78, 80, 83, 230–2, 262

value of, 109

Livingston, William, 187, 189

Llanforda, Shropshire, 238, 241

Llanllyfni, 147, 154

Lloyd, Dr David, 221–22, 234, 236

Lloyd, Hugh, vicar of Denbigh, 236

local authorities, 140

local history, 20, 24–5, 27, 31, 33, 35, 38

London, 2–4, 9, 46, 50, 62, 72, 115, 133, 205, 212, 224, 233, 247

churches, 46, 55, 57, 60–2, 71, 74–5, 81–2, 116

City of, 50

parishes, 46, 57, 60–2, 78

Love, Christopher, 3

Lovell, Benjamin, 247, 261

magistrates. See justices of the peace

Major-Generals, the, 9–10, 24, 26, 36, 52, 63, 152, 168, 197

Manchester, 57, 63, 96, 160

Manchester, Earl of, 67

Mapperton, Dorset, 106–7

market towns, 57, 60–1, 195, 199–200, 206, 213

Marlborough, Wiltshire, 51, 62, 195, 200, 203, 214

marriages (including irregular), 10, 54, 132, 134

banns of, 8, 23, 180–1

conflict, 184, 191, 266

courtship apects and rituals, 33, 116, 189, 191, 266

services, including prayer-book, 8, 32–3, 167

Mather, family members, 81

Maurice, Prince, 222

Maurices, of Llanbedr, 235

Maxwell, Robert, Bishop of Kilmore, Ireland, 80

maypoles, 152, 168, 253

Mead, Matthew, 74–5, 78

memorials, 131

memory, 50, 168, 246, 260, 267, 269–74

merchants, 45

Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, 233

Middlesex, 7, 41, 48, 53–5, 57, 59–61, 116, 141, 155, 160, 199

Middleton family, 124

Midlothian, Scotland, 182

military. See army

millenarianism, 37, 237

miners, 14, 146

Monks Kirby, Warwickshire, 262, 274

monstrosity, 106, 219, 226–7, 235, 245

Montague Brown family, 114

Montgomeryshire, 224, 238

Moore, Giles, 124

Moore, Simon, 81, 247

moral reformation, the campaign for, 9, 26, 38, 139, 143–4, 215, 253–4

Morgan, Robert, Bishop of Bangor, 237

Morley family, 124, 131

Morley, John, 158

Morris, William, 255

Morton, Dr Edward, 158

Mostyn family, of Flintshire, 237

Mostyn, William, 236

music, 146–7, 188, 238

Myddelton, Sir Thomas, 222–4, 226, 233

Nalton, James, 247, 266, 274

National Archives, the, 50

Neile, Richard, Archbishop of York, 36

New England, 73, 81

Newcastle, 9, 25, 198

Newcomb, Thomas, 112, 130

Nicholson, William, Bishop of Goucester, 230, 232, 236

nobility, the Scottish, 178

non-attendance at church. See church attendance

non-conformity, 28–9, 38, 114, 134, 137, 165–6, 206, 259, 261–2, 268

non-residency. See clergy, non-residency

Norfolk, 7, 24, 31, 41–2, 44, 48, 55–6, 59, 61–3, 72, 78, 96, 199

North Waltham, Hampshire, 201, 203, 205, 208–9, 214

Northamptonshire, 10, 48, 78, 140, 165–6

Norwich, 11, 13–15, 22, 42–3, 63, 80, 218

Nottinghamshire, 48, 140

Nuneaton, Warwickshire, 247, 258, 264–5

oaths, 151–4, 178, 234, 268

Engagement, the, 3, 11, 13, 54

Oath of Uniformity, 1662, 105–7

Protestation, the royalist, 222, 250, 264

oral communication, 29, 150

order, 129, 168, 170, 223

ordination. See clergy, ordination

Oxford, 113, 127, 252

Oxfordshire, 48

pamphlets, 12, 219–21, 238

parishes, 37, 42, 44, 55–6, 42–3, 50, 55–9, 61, 91, 104, 143, 156–61, 212, 247

clerks, 128, 156–7

division of, 15, 41, 43, 45–6, 58–62, 64

factions within, 52, 74

inventories, 202–3

large, 42, 44, 54, 60, 91

neighbouring, 52, 54, 56, 59–61, 115–16, 134

poor and/or populous, 56–7, 60, 62, 99

records, 25–7, 226

registers, 1, 19, 21–4, 26, 29, 31, 33, 100–1, 113, 128, 131–2, 220, 226, 268, 270

registrars, 23, 31, 132, 268

Scottish, 179

secular functions of, 36

suburban, 55, 57, 60

traditions, 36

uniting of, 11, 15, 26, 41, 43–4, 50, 58–63, 91

urban, 15, 57, 60, 63

vacant, 57, 60

parishioners, 1–2, 5–6, 10–12, 14–15, 32, 38–9, 52–4, 56–7, 59–60, 64, 73– 4, 77–8, 81, 83, 90– 2, 99–101, 106–7, 109, 119, 128–34, 146, 155, 157–9, 163–5, 179, 192, 197, 200, 205, 209–12, 218, 223–4, 230, 232,–3, 236, 238, 250–1, 253–4, 258–64, 266, 267–8, 270

Parker, John, 150

parliament, 28, 30, 34, 146, 171, 234, 237

bills in, 46, 63, 220

clerical representation in, 36

House of Commons, 62, 128, 160

House of Lords, 36, 261

Long, the, 41, 45, 60, 66, 70, 204, 221–2

members of, 12, 46, 49, 51, 77, 82, 96, 108, 139, 225

petitions to, 30, 63

Rump, the, 2, 46, 50, 60, 62, 69

parliament, acts of, 44, 49–50, 63, 70, 131, 139, 149–50, 154–5, 157, 165, 169, 204

1649 Act for the Maintenance of Preaching Ministers, 47

1653 Marriage Act, the, 8, 22–3, 33, 132–3

1662 Act of Uniformity, 83, 260, 264, 267–9

parliament, ordinances of, 4, 19, 34–5, 62, 68, 139, 198, 201, 204, 212

1645 Self-Denying Ordinance, 223

1648 Blasphemy Ordinance, 12, 169

parliament, the Scottish, 177–8

parliamentarianism, 161

parochial reform, 41, 44–6, 60, 62

parochial structure, 42–5, 56, 60–1

parsonages, 35, 92, 108, 124, 234

ruined, 124

patronage, ecclesiastical, 2, 30, 43, 65–9, 71–2, 74, 95–6, 98, 109, 115, 230, 258, 261, 265

royalist, 68, 250, 260

pensions, 98

Pepys, Samuel, 9

Perkins, William, 150, 172

Perkins, William, of Salford Priors, Warwickshire, 253

persecution, 2, 14, 27, 72, 87, 103, 122, 127, 210, 218, 232, 237, 247

Perth, Scotland, 176–7

petitioning, 10, 30, 61, 63, 71, 73–6, 83, 118, 128, 140, 142, 144–5, 148, 154, 157–9, 167, 211, 221–4, 229, 233–4, 236, 254, 258, 261, 263, 267, 270

counter, 74

Pilkington, Thomas, 255, 264, 270

Pinchbeck, Abraham, 6, 73

Pitfield, Sebastian, 75–6

Pitt, John, 95

plate, silver, 97, 106, 116, 121–4

plundering, 97, 103, 107, 122,

131, 222, 234, 252, 264, 265,

269, 271

Plymouth, 10, 46

poaching, 148

poetry, 235, 264

poets, 225, 231–2, 235, 238

political comment, 220

political disaffection, 3, 141, 153–4, 163, 165, 179, 181, 219–20, 225

Polwhele, Theophilus, 78

poor relief, 31, 141, 157–8, 165, 212, 259

poor, the, 29–31, 144, 146, 151, 160, 176

Pope, Sir Thomas, 263

population. See demographics

ports, 104, 114

Powell, Thomas, 231

Powys, Wales, 224, 232–3, 237

prayers, 229, 232

extempore, 8, 238

Lord’s Prayer, the, 8

royalist, 224

set forms, 15, 238

preachers

lay, 10

visiting, 19, 26, 54, 214

preaching, 9, 28, 37, 53, 91, 103, 119, 138, 145, 164, 213, 220–1, 231, 260

by soldiers, 146

disruption of, 161

ministry, 46–7

royalist, 225, 227

prebendaries, 122, 127–8, 211, 238

prelacy, 80, 224

Presbyterianism, 1–2, 4, 7, 12–13, 16, 20, 28, 36–7, 53, 73, 79– 82, 138, 152, 181, 197, 217, 225, 236, 258, 262, 268

classes, 1–2, 4, 13, 37, 53, 82, 129, 133, 258

printing, 222

royalist, 219

private sphere, 7, 9, 67, 70–1, 90, 132, 146, 167, 170, 184–5, 187, 205, 211, 220, 227, 260, 263

probate, 37, 87, 107, 120

bequests, 121, 123–4, 131

inventories, 125

Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 113, 120, 125

wills, 37, 95, 97–8, 113, 116, 119–20, 134, 270

proclamations, 8, 178

royal, 223–24

profane, the, 9, 13, 143–9, 172, 177, 185, 253, 268

Protectorate, the, 24, 26, 65–9, 220

Protestantism, 172, 229, 237–8

providence, divine, 106, 150, 168, 177, 220, 226–30

psalms, 8, 12, 203, 238

public sphere, the, 174, 176, 187

pulpits. See church buildings: pulpits

punishment

corporal, 12, 149–51, 153–4, 177

summary, 140

puritanism, 1–2, 5, 6, 12–13, 39, 46, 65, 81, 83, 103, 106–7, 109, 113–14, 116, 118, 123, 125, 129, 137, 139, 143, 145, 151–2, 163, 170, 210, 214–15, 245, 247, 250, 258, 265–8

Quakerism, 5–6, 9–12, 20, 35, 130, 143, 161–2, 164, 166–7, 210, 220, 227, 236, 260, 262

Queen Anne’s Bounty, 34, 93

ranters, 10, 12, 164, 240

rebellions

Anglesey Rising of 1648, the, 237

Booth’s, 233

Penruddock’s, 73, 80

recusancy. See Catholicism

reformation, ecclesiastical, 64, 137–8, 142

reformation, religious, 41, 195, 201

Reformation, the, 44, 175, 235

religious offences, 137–71

religious polarization, 134

religious publications, 20

John Calvin, Concerning Scandals, 171

spiritual guides, 233

tracts, 29

treatises, 123, 171, 245, 264

religious radicalism, 12, 253–5, 261–2

repentance, 181, 183–4, 187, 189, 191

Restoration, the, 9, 24, 29, 87, 103, 112–13, 118–19, 125, 128, 133, 147, 200, 203, 207, 210, 214, 254–69

rings (including mourning), 121, 123–4

riots, 13, 103, 161–2, 253, 265

rites of passage, 33

ritual year. See church festivals

Roberts, William, Bishop of Bangor, 225, 237

Rogers, William, 133

royal arms, 34, 214

royal prerogative, 237

royalism, 2–3, 7, 13–14, 30–1, 34, 46, 52, 67–8, 71, 73, 80, 83, 88, 102, 108, 118–19, 124–5, 127–9, 131–2, 151, 154, 160–1, 164, 177, 193–217, 218–24, 226–8, 231, 233, 235–8, 241, 250–3, 255, 260–1, 263, 265–6

compounding, 127, 224

exile, 128

fines, 34

gentry, 225

intelligence, 262

malignancy, 53, 224, 250, 254, 262, 267

networks, 253

sequestrations, 34, 46, 52, 60, 70, 127, 132, 158, 161, 253, 259–60, 263

rural communities, 10–11, 116–17, 119, 124, 182, 195, 200–1, 206, 212–13

Ruthin, 221, 226, 234

Rutland, 42, 48, 50, 221, 252–3

Rye, Sussex, 14, 113–14, 125, 129

Ryves, Brune, Dean of Chichester, 116, 127

Sabbath, the, 161–2

observance, 9, 20, 38, 128, 137, 143–9, 169, 175, 180–3, 185–6, 211, 232, 271

drinking, 9, 141, 143–5, 147, 253

hunting and sports, 148, 250, 268

travelling, 143, 147, 211

working, 147, 268

sacraments, the. See communion

saints, 168, 227

Salisbury, Wiltshire, 51–2, 81, 91, 96, 107, 195, 200, 203, 206, 211–14

Sancroft, William, Archbishop, 80

Satan, 141, 146, 150, 165, 227

scandal, 171–93

schism, 231–2, 238, 268, 271

schoolmasters, 156, 167, 233, 265, 267

schools, 62, 118, 122, 133, 159, 253, 265

Eton College, 119

scolding, 152, 165, 184, 186–7

Scotland, 9, 115, 127, 145, 171–93, 218

lowlands, 175, 192

Scottish Kirk, 9, 171–93

scriptures. See Bible, the

seal manual, the, 70–1

Seaman, Lazarus, 80

sectarianism, 14, 38, 129, 164, 210, 220, 230–1

secular authority, 137–71

sedition, 154, 219–20, 234, 271

separatism, 10–11, 246, 261, 263

sequestrators, 103, 238, 251

sermon gadding, 32, 53, 128

sermons, 8, 13, 32, 53, 123, 131, 144, 147–8, 151, 162, 219–20, 224, 228–9, 232, 234, 238–40, 251, 271, 274

funeral, 239, 241

Paul’s Cross, 228

royalist, 228

servants, 5, 148, 156, 158, 178, 253, 258, 267

settlement patterns, 88

sextons, 5

sexual offences, 9, 141, 143, 149, 155, 167, 171, 173, 175, 179, 184–5, 189–90, 220, 263, 268

adultery, 141, 143, 148, 155–6, 172, 176, 181, 183, 191, 266

fornication, 175–6, 178, 180–1, 183, 190

shame, 173, 176, 185, 190, 192, 235

sheep farming, 90, 94–5, 101

sheriffs, 12, 51, 130, 252

sieges, 22, 58, 116, 127, 160

simony, 260

sixteenth century, the, 24, 42–5, 165, 171–5, 182, 192, 197

Skinner, Robert, Bishop of Oxford, 1, 4, 80

slander, 178

Smith, William, of Baddesley

Clinton, 255

Socinianism, 230, 240

soldiers, 2, 102, 141, 146, 151, 157, 159, 179, 186, 190, 192, 205, 211, 224, 235, 245, 252, 263, 269–270

parliamentarian, 158, 235, 265, 267

royalist, 160

Somerset, 43, 48, 88, 96, 131, 140, 145, 146–9, 151–4, 157–8, 160, 162–4, 166–7, 195–9, 203, 205, 207, 214

Sparke, Archibald, 227

speech. See oral communication

sports, 10, 38, 108, 148, 266

Stanhope family, the, 264

Stanley, Edward, Dr, 163

Stanley, William, 127

Stapleton, William, 262

state papers, 141

statutes. See parliament, acts of

Staunton Harold chapel, Leicestershire, 34

Stirling, 183, 185

stocks, the. See punishment, corporal

Stones, Andrew and Thomas, 45

Stratford-upon-Avon, 246–7

Studland, Dorset, 94, 108

suffering, 141, 218, 228–30, 233, 241, 269

spiritual, 218, 230

Suffolk, 21, 34, 42, 48, 188, 199

Earl of, 97

surplice. See vestments, clerical

Surrey, 45, 48, 119–20, 131, 133, 199

Sussex, 2, 22–4, 26, 33–4, 49, 82, 94, 111–26, 127–34, 140, 146–8, 162, 166, 197

Swaine, William, 258, 262

swearing, 9, 143, 149–55, 156, 162, 166, 169, 177, 185, 187, 250, 253–4, 266

taxation, 31, 254, 259, 264, 267

Taylor, John, the water poet, 213

tenants, 95, 222

Teonge, George, 251–2, 267–8, 271

Teonge, Henry, 251, 268–9

thanksgiving, 54, 143

theatres, 60

theft, 148, 165, 172, 181, 186, 234

on the Sabbath, 148

Throckmorton family, the, 267

tithes, 4–6, 29, 35, 41, 43, 46, 55, 57, 95–6, 98–101, 109, 123–4, 139, 151, 156, 158, 212, 232, 234, 239, 258–61, 263, 266

tolerance, religious, 210

Tombes, John, 15, 239

topography, 43, 50, 57, 87–111

trespass, 130, 163

Triers, the, 1, 4, 15, 28, 30, 36, 67–9, 71–2, 75–82, 129–30, 198, 258, 263

Trustees for the Maintenance of Ministers, the, 30, 36, 47, 50, 60, 61–5

Underhill family, the, 265

Universities, 4, 73, 118, 120

University of Cambridge, 34, 80, 119–20, 129, 265

University of Dublin, 119

University of Leiden, 119

University of Oxford, 34, 106, 119–20, 123–4, 127, 129, 235, 239, 261

urban communities, 9, 43–4, 57, 175, 182, 195, 200, 212–13

Ussher, James, Archbishop of Armagh, 73

Valor Ecclesiasticus, the, 87, 92, 94, 98–9

Vaughan, Henry, 224–5, 232, 239

Vaughan, Rowland, 231, 238

verbal abuse, 171, 175, 181–2, 184–7

vestments, clerical. See clergy, vestments

vestries, 57, 159

violence (including by or towards clergy and in church), 128, 131, 143–5, 153, 157–9, 161, 164, 181, 184, 186–7, 217, 252, 262, 265, 267, 270

to women. See women, violence to

visitations, ecclesiastical, 2, 26, 37, 91, 93, 107, 258, 271

visiting the sick, 28, 53

voluntary associations, 15, 28, 37

voluntary contributions, 56, 62

Vox Norwici, 138

Walden, Gilbert, 254–5, 267–8

Wales, 3, 19, 50, 68–9, 71–2, 140, 142, 145, 147, 154, 217–41

Propagation of the Gospel in, 3, 231, 238

Walker, John, 2, 21, 111–12, 117–19, 130, 165

Sufferings of the Clergy, 29

Wambrook, Dorset, 96, 103, 108

war crimes, 263

Wareham, Dorset, 56

Warwickshire, 2, 245–71

Watkyns, Rowland, 226, 232, 239

weather, 10, 43, 57–8, 90, 92, 148, 158, 226, 228, 233

Wells, Somerset, 10, 195, 199–200, 203, 208, 212–14

Welsh language, 223, 237

Westminster Assembly, the, 28, 30, 124, 130

whipping. See punishment, corporal

Whitby, Daniel, 251–2, 255, 267, 271

Whitchurch, Shropshire, 67, 75, 253

White, John, rector of Rollestone, Wiltshire, 212

White, John, vicar of Yetminster, Dorset, 91

wickedness, 148, 226–7

Wilmer family, the 115

Wilshaw, John, 132

Wiltshire, 24–5, 41, 49, 51, 53–5, 58–9, 61–3, 78, 88, 195, 197, 198–203, 206–9, 211–14, 245

winter, 58, 90–2, 94, 148, 153

witchcraft, 143, 165, 181

women, 6, 33, 116, 124, 139, 144–9, 151, 153–7, 159, 162–3, 173, 182, 184, 186–92, 205, 211–12, 258, 261, 263–4, 266–7, 271

violence to, 154, 235, 251, 258

Wood, Jacob, 224

Wood, Seth, 81

Worcester, Marquis of, 68

Worcestershire, 11, 14–15, 21, 37, 49, 76, 164, 199

working on the Sabbath. See Sabbath, the

Worsley, Ralph, Major-General, 52

yeomen, 154, 156

Yorkshire, 24, 33, 43, 49, 140, 145, 147, 155, 158, 161–2, 167–8

youths, 43, 144, 148, 161, 167, 176, 212, 260

Zouch, William, 95

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