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Adulthood in Britain and the United States from 1350 to Generation Z: Index

Adulthood in Britain and the United States from 1350 to Generation Z
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table of contents
  1. Title Page
  2. Copyright
  3. Contents
  4. List of figures
  5. Notes on contributors
  6. Acknowledgements
  7. Introduction
    1. Historicising adulthood
    2. Adulthood and chronological age
    3. Adulthood through time: static, idealised, oppressive
    4. Chapter summaries and conclusion
    5. Notes
    6. References
  8. 1. ‘Middle age’ in the Middle Ages of western Europe, 1300–1500
    1. Historiography
    2. Conceptualising middle age in the Middle Ages
    3. A period of uncertainty?
    4. Conclusion
    5. Notes
    6. References
  9. 2. ‘The most constant and settled part of our life’?: Adulthood and the ages of man in early modern England
    1. Introduction
    2. ‘Adulthood’ as a stage of man’s life
    3. Achieving perfection? Adulthood as a stage of change and development
    4. Ages of woman?
    5. Conclusion
    6. Notes
    7. References
  10. 3. Spiritual maturity and childishness in Protestant England, c.1600–60
    1. Measuring age
    2. The mature minister
    3. Conclusion
    4. Notes
    5. References
  11. 4. The rising generation and the fogram: Locating adulthood in eighteenth-century England
    1. Language and the life cycle
    2. Age-appropriate behaviour
    3. The rising generation
    4. Conclusion
    5. Notes
    6. References
  12. 5. Seduction suits and gendered adulthood in the civil court systems of the early United States, 1820–50
    1. Early American definitions of gendered adulthood
    2. Seduction suits in the early United States
    3. Conclusion
    4. Notes
    5. References
  13. 6. ‘They’re not children anymore’: Juveniles as adult defendants in US criminal justice, 1786–2000
    1. Children and the death penalty
    2. The rise of juvenile courts
    3. Herbert Niccolls Jr
    4. The babes of San Quentin
    5. The tough-on-crime era
    6. Conclusion
    7. Notes
    8. References
  14. 7. ‘Childish, adolescent and recherché’: Psychoanalysis and maturity in psychological selection boards, c.1940s–60s
    1. The selection boards
    2. Maturity and leadership
    3. Maturity and sexuality
    4. Maturity and emotions
    5. Maturity and democracy
    6. Conclusion
    7. Notes
    8. References
  15. 8. ‘The Pill for an unmarried girl is hardly going to improve her character’: The impact of changing sexual behaviours on the construction of adulthood in Scotland, c.1968–80
    1. The development of family planning services in Scotland
    2. Who were ‘the unmarried’ in 1970s Scotland?
    3. Gender and the unmarried
    4. Conclusion
    5. Notes
    6. References
  16. 9. African-Caribbean and South Asian adolescents, adulthood and the ‘generation gap’ in late Cold War Britain, c.1970–89
    1. Schooling and education
    2. Girls, marriage and motherhood
    3. The ‘generation gap’
    4. Conclusion
    5. Notes
    6. References
  17. 10. Marriage, intimacy and adulthood in disabled people’s lives and activism in twentieth-century Britain
    1. Intimate testimonials
    2. Normalisation
    3. Handidate
    4. Limits to change
    5. Conclusions
    6. Notes
    7. References
  18. 11. A road of one’s own: The rejection of standard adulthood in US emerging adult films
    1. Becoming an adult today
    2. When you grow up your heart dies: onscreen rejections of standard adulthood
    3. Conclusion
    4. Notes
    5. References
  19. Afterword: Against adulthood
    1. Notes
    2. References
  20. Index

Index

  • A
  • Aberdeen, Scotland, 178, 184
  • ableism, 13, 224, 231n7
  • abortion, 172, 248
  • abuse, 130, 205, 218, 219, 222, 228
  • sexual, 227
  • activism, 131, 197, 199, 203, 205–207, 219, 221, 222, 228–9
  • Addington, Mary, 133, 135
  • adolescence, 2–5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 25, 29, 30, 54, 94, 156, 175, 179, 181, 182, 186, 194–5, 197, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207, 240, 243
  • and disability, 229
  • definitions of, 91–3,
  • extension of, 13
  • opposed to adulthood, 203, 239
  • physical signs of, 71
  • stages of, 202
  • adulthood
  • and ‘ages of man’, 45–59
  • in American court systems, 111–22, 127–40
  • and chronological age. See age
  • in disabled people’s lives, 215–30
  • in eighteenth-century England, 89–105
  • emerging, 8, 13, 239–52
  • gendered understandings of, 112–15
  • historicisation of, 3–5
  • in late Cold War Britain, 193–208
  • as problematic concept, 259–62
  • rejection of, 239–52
  • as stage of change and development, 50–55
  • through time, 8–11
  • in twentieth-century Scotland, 171–87
  • young. See ‘young adulthood’
  • ‘adultification’, 11, 130, 138, 194, 199, 229, 260
  • Aeneas, 48
  • African Americans, 7, 12, 112, 130–31, 136, 140
  • African-Caribbeans, 12, 13, 193–208, 260
  • Afro-Caribbean Education Resource Project (ACER), 195–6, 198, 201, 203, 204, 206
  • age
  • chronological, 1, 2, 4, 5–8, 9–10, 29, 29, 30, 46, 49, 71, 78, 79, 90, 94, 115, 116, 121, 152, 193, 216, 260
  • cultural, 46, 90
  • of discretion. See discretion, age of
  • ‘double’, 6
  • functional, 5, 6, 46, 90, 260
  • ‘mental’, 137, 216
  • middle. See middle age
  • old. See old age
  • ‘age consciousness’, 7
  • ageing, 26, 29, 31, 36, 47, 52, 54, 55, 58, 73, 90, 93, 96, 97–8, 99, 117, 260, 262
  • ‘ages of man’, 8, 9, 12, 29, 45–59
  • ‘ages of woman’, 55–8
  • alcohol, consumption of, 1
  • Alighieri, Dante, 35, 36
  • Anstey, Christopher, 101
  • apprentices, 91, 113
  • Aristotle, 30, 51, 55, 70
  • Arminianism, 73
  • Arnett, Jeffrey, 8, 181, 239, 240, 241
  • asexuality, 217
  • Ash, John, 92, 93, 94
  • Asian Youth Movements (AYMs), 206
  • Asotin, Washington, 133, 134
  • asthma, 78
  • Augustine of Hippo, 34, 35
  • Austin, H. Z., 137
  • Austin, Texas, 246
  • B
  • ‘baby boomers’, 171
  • Bacon, Francis, 75
  • Bailey, Nathan, 92, 93
  • Bainbridge, David, 26, 27
  • Bakersfield, California, 136
  • baptism, 72
  • Barr, Hugh, 116, 118
  • Barron, David, 227
  • bastardy, 115, 123n18
  • Bath, Somerset, 101
  • Battye, Louis, 216, 220
  • beards, 47–8
  • Beasley, Joshua Keith, 127
  • Bellers, Fulk, 77
  • Benson, John, 26, 27
  • Bentick, John, 92, 94
  • Birgitta of Sweden, 37
  • birth control. See contraception
  • Board of Control, 217
  • Bolles, Eunice, 129
  • Borja, Jesus, 136–7, 139
  • Botelho, Lynn, 72, 90
  • Bowlby, John, 153
  • Boys Town, Nebraska, 135–6
  • Brace, Charles Loring, 131
  • Bradford, Yorkshire, 205
  • Briggs, Lewis, 118, 119–20
  • Briggs, Rosanna, 119–20
  • Briggs v. Evans, 118
  • British Empire, 6, 7, 10, 11, 205
  • Brockham Park, Surrey, 154
  • Bronk-Bacon, Katarzyna, 96, 100
  • Brook Advisory Service, 179
  • Broughton, Richard, 69
  • Brown, Fred, 226
  • Browne, Stella, 174
  • Bunyan, John, 55
  • Burgess, Anthony, 70–71, 72
  • C
  • California, 136, 137, 138
  • Calvinism, 67
  • Cammack, James, 133
  • canon law, 34
  • capital punishment. See death penalty
  • Carrier, Martha, 128
  • Carrier, Sarah, 128
  • Carrier, Thomas, 128
  • Cartwright, Thomas, 78
  • Catholicism, 69, 176, 218
  • Central America, 11–12
  • cerebral palsy, 215, 216, 217, 225
  • Chaderton, Laurence, 75
  • Chalmers, Rosalind, 220
  • ‘child-savers’, 131
  • childbirth, 28, 200–201
  • childhood, 2, 9, 25, 30, 45–6, 50, 56, 92, 93, 103, 121, 156, 162, 194, 195, 200, 207, 216, 220, 227, 230, 243, 249, 261, 262
  • concepts of, 3
  • end of, 70–71, 90–91
  • hazards of, 28
  • innocence and, 128, 140, 260
  • institutionalised, 229
  • ‘invention of’, 89
  • piety, 72–5
  • political understandings of, 5
  • psychoanalytical views of, 150, 159
  • right to, 135
  • stealing of, 10–11
  • as unstable, 8
  • childishness, 1, 3, 11, 12, 13, 35, 37, 69–70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 80, 135, 156, 159, 205
  • Choate, Jack, 70, 127
  • Christie, Evelyn G., 200
  • Christine de Pizan, 36
  • Cistercians, 4
  • citizenship, 2, 113
  • ‘intimate’, 228
  • civil service, 149, 152–3, 155, 158, 261
  • Civil Service Selection Board, 13, 152, 155, 160, 161–2
  • Civil War, English, 68
  • Clark, Hugh, 75
  • Clarke, Samuel, 68, 75, 78, 79
  • class, 2, 90, 116, 128, 129, 132, 160, 262
  • middle, 10, 131, 133, 174, 180, 182, 262
  • upper, 131
  • working, 10, 114, 115, 180, 182, 197, 201, 202, 216, 218, 241, 262
  • Clever, William, 71
  • CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament), 203
  • Collins, Christina, 177
  • colonialism, 10, 11, 14, 260
  • Columbia, District of, 131
  • Comenius, John Amos, 57
  • Communism, 160
  • conscience, 33
  • consent, 5, 116, 118, 119, 121, 160, 177, 180, 184, 202, 224, 261
  • age of, 6, 7, 91, 114, 176, 178, 228
  • contraception, 171–87, 224, 261
  • control, emotional, 150, 157, 159, 262
  • conversion, 34–5, 70, 77
  • Cooper, Thomas, 70
  • courts, juvenile, 11, 12, 13, 127–40
  • courtship, 173, 218, 226
  • Coverdale, Miles, 75
  • coverture, 114
  • COVID-19, 242
  • Craft, Ann, 223, 224, 227
  • Craft, Michael, 223, 224, 227
  • Crashaw, William, 69
  • creole languages, 195, 196
  • Crichton-Miller, Hugh, 151
  • criminality, 50, 128, 130, 131–2, 137, 138, 140
  • ‘crip time’, 216
  • Critical Race Theory, 140
  • Cuffe, Henry, 47, 51, 52, 56, 58, 76
  • Culpepper, Nicholas, 57
  • D
  • Dafydd ap Gwilym, 32
  • Darling, Thomas, 73
  • Darly, Mattina, 97
  • Darrell, John, 73
  • dating agencies, 226
  • Davis, Ken, 226
  • Davis, Maggie, 226
  • De Vries, Hans Vredeman, 48
  • death penalty, 128–30, 135, 137
  • debt, 1
  • Declaration of the Rights of Mentally Disabled Persons, 221
  • Defoe, Daniel, 100, 102
  • deinstitutionalisation, 222
  • democracy, 6, 159–61
  • dependants, 30, 112, 114, 115, 117, 118, 120–21, 194, 229
  • Depression era, 133
  • disability, 2, 6, 10, 13, 137, 138, 215–30, 262
  • discretion, age of, 91, 92
  • Dod, John, 78
  • domestic violence, 228
  • Dove, Mary, 31, 52, 57
  • drugs, 140
  • Duffy, Clinton, 138
  • Dunfermline, Scotland, 171
  • Dyhouse, Carol, 173, 182, 183, 184
  • E
  • early modern period, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 45–59, 67–80, 197, 259, 261, 262
  • Edinburgh, Scotland, 171, 178, 179, 180, 182
  • Edmondson, D. L., 197, 199
  • education, 4, 10, 36, 51, 57, 72, 80, 137, 138, 172, 180, 185, 194, 195, 197–200, 202, 203, 205, 219, 228, 230, 240–41, 247, 260
  • higher, 171, 177, 186
  • schooling, 5, 197–200, 260
  • sex education. See sex education
  • spiritual, 75
  • Elton, Arthur, 158
  • Elyot, Thomas, 28–9, 30, 45, 46
  • enslaved people, 10, 11, 122n1, 130, 194, 260–61
  • ‘emerging adult’ films, 8, 13, 239–52
  • employment, 4, 193, 216, 229, 261, 262
  • epilepsy, 217
  • eugenics, 174, 216, 231n7
  • Evans, John J., 119, 120
  • Ex Parte Beaver, 132
  • exorcism, 73
  • exploitation, 11, 12, 138, 194, 203, 205
  • F
  • Family Planning Association (FPA), 174–5, 179
  • family planning services. See contraception
  • fascism, 160
  • Fathers, Church, 35
  • Featley, Daniel, 78
  • femininity, 3, 4, 250
  • feminism, 174, 218, 228, 241
  • Black, 262
  • Fenning, Daniel, 92, 93
  • Fenton, Geffray, 51, 52
  • fertility, 27, 57, 58, 229
  • Fifth Monarchists, 68
  • financial crisis (2008), 1, 13, 242, 249
  • Fisher, Will, 47, 48
  • Flanagan, Edward, 135–6
  • Fokus scheme, 225
  • ‘fograms’, 102, 105, 261
  • Fortescue, Thomas, 47, 49
  • Fox, Joshua, 226
  • Foxe, John, 77
  • France, 28, 36
  • Fresno, California, 136
  • Freudianism, 10, 151, 153
  • Froissart, Jean, 29, 32
  • frontal lobes, 2
  • Fulton Report (1968), 162
  • Furman v. Georgia, 130
  • Fürst, Paul, 56
  • Furstenberg, Frank F., 172, 173, 185
  • G
  • Garcia, Pedro, 136
  • Garland, John W., 119
  • Gataker, Thomas, 75–6, 79–80
  • Gellatly, John, 136
  • gender, 2, 4, 12, 46, 47, 90, 93, 104, 128, 129, 158, 159, 173, 186–7, 216, 223, 261–2
  • and adolescence, 92
  • and adulthood, 111–22
  • and life expectancy, 28
  • of boys, 48
  • nonconformity, 156
  • and the unmarried, 181–5
  • ‘generation gap’, 203–207
  • Generation X, 239
  • Generation Z, 1, 13
  • generations, conflict between, 12, 172, 185, 206
  • Georgia (US state), 7
  • gerontocracy, 59, 73
  • Gerson, Jean, 34
  • Gibson, Lee Vernon, 137–8
  • Gillray, James, 103
  • Glasgow, Scotland, 176, 179, 183, 204
  • Goldfarb, Cardea, 139
  • Good Hope, Cape of, 6
  • Goodwin, Thomas, 69
  • Gordon, Thomas, 95, 96, 99
  • Gouge, William, 75–6, 78
  • Goulart, Simon, 74
  • Government of India Act (1935), 7
  • Gray, John, 218
  • Grays, Essex, 226
  • Great Recession (2008). See financial crisis (2008)
  • Great Reform Act (1832), 6
  • Grunwick Strike (1976–78), 200, 206
  • guardianship, legal, 111, 121, 135, 178, 183, 217
  • Guerrero, Rose, 136–7
  • H
  • Hale, Matthew, 91
  • Handsworth, Birmingham, 197, 206
  • Hardwick’s Marriage Act (1753), 91
  • Harrison, William, 69
  • Hartley, Roland, 136
  • Haywood, Eliza, 97–8
  • Health and Public Services Act (1968), 175
  • Heath, Kay, 27, 93
  • heteronormativity, 177, 227, 250
  • heterosexuality, 156, 157, 200, 217, 220, 227, 229, 230, 248
  • high school reunions, 249–50
  • higher education. See education
  • Hildersham, Arthur, 75, 76
  • Hinduism, 202, 208n12
  • Hodges, Thomas, 72
  • home ownership, 4, 246
  • homecoming narratives, 249, 251
  • homosexuality, 10, 13, 153, 156, 157, 227–8, 250, 261
  • Hoole, Charles, 57
  • Hoper, R., 48
  • Hornketh v. Barr, 116, 118
  • householders, adults as, 4, 50, 54, 56, 58, 59, 90
  • households, 48, 114, 117, 118, 177, 206
  • house prices, 1
  • Human Rights Act (1998), 228
  • humorism, 47
  • Hunt, Judy, 219
  • Hunt, Paul, 219–20, 225
  • I
  • Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), 28, 29
  • Ibrahim, Habiba, 130, 262
  • Idaho, 135
  • Illinois Juvenile Court Act (1898), 131
  • In re: Winship, 132
  • independence, legal, 5, 30, 91, 111, 114–15, 117, 118–19, 120–21
  • Independence, Declaration of, 113
  • India, 6, 10, 11, 194, 205, 261
  • Indian Citizenship Act (1924), 7
  • Indian-Caribbeans, 195, 198, 203
  • Indigenous populations, 11, 201, 207, 260, 261
  • infantilisation, 1, 173, 182, 186, 216, 261
  • intersectionality, 2, 112, 259, 262
  • intimacy, 9, 13, 215–30, 262
  • IQ (Intelligence Quotient), 223
  • Isidore of Seville, 29, 30, 51, 52
  • Islam, 202, 208n12
  • Italy, 28
  • J
  • Jamaica, 10, 197, 201, 204, 208n12, 224
  • Jaques, Elliot, 27, 35
  • Jenkyn, William, 71, 72, 73
  • Jim Crow laws, 131
  • Johnson, Samuel, 92, 93–4, 98
  • Jones, Emrys, 160
  • Judaism, 32, 35
  • Julian of Norwich, 36
  • Jung, Carl, 155
  • Jurdian, Ignatius, 77
  • K
  • Kashmir, 205
  • Kersey, John, 91, 93
  • Kilby, Richard, 67, 71
  • Knox, Vicesimus, 98–9
  • Kuykendahl, Elgin, 134, 135
  • L
  • La Fane, Pamela, 219, 225
  • labour, 10, 112, 114–15, 117, 123n17, 219, 254n26
  • Lamson, Armene, 135
  • Langhamer, Claire, 157, 173
  • Laurens, André du, 73
  • leadership, 48, 49, 150, 152–3, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 225
  • Lee, Essex, 70
  • Leeds, Yorkshire, 199
  • Lenroot, Katherine, 132
  • Lenton, Francis, 71
  • life expectancy, 28, 29
  • life writing, 215, 219, 220, 227, 260
  • Loe, William, 78
  • Logan, Margaret, 117, 118
  • Logan, Sarah, 34
  • Logan v. Murray, 116–17
  • London, England, 28, 95, 175, 198, 200, 201, 224, 226
  • Brixton, 204
  • Ealing, 196
  • Soho, 216
  • Tavistock Clinic, 151
  • Los Angeles, California, 243
  • lust, 33, 35, 58, 75
  • M
  • Macauley, Catherine, 96
  • MacGillivray, Ian, 184–5
  • Mackintosh, Kenneth, 135
  • Mackenzie, Henry, 95, 96, 99
  • McMillan, Michael, 198–9
  • Mahan, Carl Newton, 133
  • majority, age of, 5, 6, 7–8, 25, 30, 186, 260
  • Malleson, Joan, 174
  • Manchester, 196, 206
  • Mandeville, Bernard, 101, 102
  • manhood, 4, 30, 33, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 92, 93, 113
  • manliness (virility), 33, 48, 51, 157
  • Marley, Bob, 198
  • marriage, 4, 9, 13, 33, 46, 54, 56, 58, 91, 95, 113, 120, 135, 172, 173, 177–8, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 193, 197, 239, 247, 248, 249, 262
  • arranged, 207
  • and disability, 215, 217, 218, 220–21, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230
  • early, 200–203, 207
  • legal age of, 5, 6
  • Martin, Clarence, 136
  • Martin, Trayvon, 130
  • martyrologies, 68, 75, 78, 83n55
  • masculinity, 3, 4, 46, 48, 49, 54, 150, 157, 158, 223, 250, 261
  • Massachusetts, 128, 131
  • Mattinson, Janet, 222, 223, 224, 228
  • maturity, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 13, 29, 31, 33, 34, 93, 117, 129, 150–51, 161–2, 183, 194, 196, 198, 245, 246, 250, 251, 260, 261
  • and leadership, 152–3
  • emotional, 157–9, 186, 221
  • physical, 92, 131
  • political, 10, 159–61
  • psychological, 131, 193
  • and sexuality, 153–6
  • spiritual, 12, 49, 59, 67–80, 262
  • Mencap, 222
  • menopause, 26, 31, 58, 90, 91, 94
  • menstruation, 56, 57, 92
  • mental health, 6, 127, 159, 249
  • Mexia, Pedro, 47
  • Mexican Americans, 12, 136
  • Michals, Teresa, 9, 10
  • midlife crisis, 3, 27, 32, 35, 37, 93, 97
  • middle age, 2, 3, 8, 47, 51, 57, 58, 72, 74, 80, 93, 96–7, 98, 99–100, 102, 105
  • crisis of. See midlife crisis
  • medieval conception of, 25–37
  • Middle Ages, 25–37, 157
  • ‘middling sort’, the, 48
  • millennials, 1, 13, 239, 242, 249
  • ministers, Protestant, 49, 67, 68, 74–80, 262
  • Mintz, Steven, 3–4
  • Mirza, Nadia, 199, 202
  • monasteries, 35
  • mortality, 27
  • infant, 28, 63n63
  • motherhood, 197, 200–203, 207, 248, 249
  • Murcot, John, 75
  • murder, 120, 128, 129–35, 137, 139, 176, 260
  • Murder Act (1752), 129
  • Murray, James, 116–17
  • muscular dystrophy, 216, 218, 219
  • N
  • National Front, 206
  • National Health Service (NHS), 171, 174–5, 176
  • National Service, 158
  • Native Americans, 7, 12, 112, 129, 137, 138
  • Nazism, 157, 159, 206
  • Negus, William, 70
  • Nevada, 138
  • New England, 128
  • New London, Connecticut, 129
  • New York City, New York, 6, 120, 130, 135
  • Sing Sing Prison, 135
  • New Zealand, 6
  • Newcomen, Matthew, 76, 78
  • Newton, Thomas, 76
  • Niccolls Jr, Herbert, 133–6, 137, 138, 139
  • Niebrzydowski, Sue, 31, 57
  • NHS Family Planning Act (1967), 175
  • nightmares, 159
  • ‘normalisation’, 221–4, 226, 227
  • North Carolina, 112, 116, 118, 119
  • Notting Hill Carnival, 204
  • Novare, Philippe de, 29
  • O
  • O’Neil, Eileen, 139
  • Ocuish, Hannah, 129
  • Okawara, Tom, 137
  • old age, 3, 8, 9, 26, 28, 29, 34, 45, 46, 50, 55–6, 89, 90, 91, 93–4, 95, 96, 98–9, 100, 105
  • as decline, 2, 12, 25, 27, 30, 31, 49, 51–3, 54, 59, 72–4, 76–7, 78–9, 80, 262
  • and senility, 78–80
  • Oliver, J., 224
  • Ovid, 95
  • P
  • Paintsville, Kentucky, 133
  • Palmer, Herbert, 75
  • Pan-Africanism, 206
  • Pande, Ishita, 6, 261, 262
  • Papillion, David, 71
  • parenthood, 4, 193, 224
  • Parlement of the Thre Ages (poem), 32
  • Parmar, Pratibha, 199, 202
  • Paterson, Lindsay, 178, 180
  • patriarchs, biblical, 75
  • patriarchy, 4, 5, 46, 54, 59, 80, 228
  • Patrick, Simon, 73
  • Pentecostalism, 206
  • Pennsylvania, 112, 116, 117, 132
  • perfection, 31, 47, 50–55, 57, 72, 92, 98
  • performance, adulthood as, 150, 152, 157, 186
  • heteronormativity as, 250
  • Perkins, William, 74
  • Perry, William, 93, 94
  • Petrarch, Francisco, 35, 36
  • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 116
  • philosophy, 29, 31, 35
  • Phipps, Jacob, 118–19
  • Phipps, Jane, 118–19
  • Phipps v. Garland, 118
  • Piers Plowman (poem), 32
  • pill, the (oral contraceptive pill), 171, 174–5, 176, 179–80, 181, 182, 185, 186, 261
  • Pincus, Gregory, 174
  • poll tax, 5
  • pop culture, 151, 239
  • Pope, Alexander, 103
  • Porter, Polly, 117
  • pregnancy, 116, 117, 118, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 244
  • in older women, 94
  • prevention of. See contraception
  • underage, 112, 119–20
  • unwanted, 175, 178, 248
  • premarital sex, 172, 176, 177, 180, 182, 183, 184–5, 186, 187, 262
  • Presbyterianism, 71
  • Preston, John, 75
  • Price, Sampson, 71
  • ‘prime of life’, idea of, 30, 31, 32, 33, 50, 51–2, 53, 54, 55, 74, 76, 93, 96
  • prisons, 127, 135, 136, 138, 139–40
  • Progressive era, 131, 132, 139, 140
  • progressivism, 11
  • Prohibition, 7
  • promiscuity, 172, 175, 176, 180, 182, 183
  • prophecy, 73
  • Protestantism, 12, 49, 67–80, 131, 176, 261, 262
  • pseudoscience, 136
  • psychoanalysis, 27, 149–63, 222
  • psychology, developmental, 8
  • psychosexual development, 150, 153, 155, 156, 162
  • puberty, 8, 92, 114
  • Pythagoras, 51
  • Q
  • Quakers, 68
  • queer theory, 262
  • R
  • race, 2, 112, 113, 114, 116, 121, 132, 157, 194, 204, 216, 261
  • and judicial treatment, 128–9, 133, 139–40
  • racism, 128, 136, 195, 198, 201, 203, 205, 206, 207, 224, 229
  • structural, 197, 260
  • rape, 115, 116, 117
  • Rastafarianism, 199, 206
  • Ratis Raving (poem), 30
  • Reagan, Ronald, 139
  • Reading, John, 54
  • reconstruction, postwar, 157
  • Reggae music, 196, 204
  • rehabilitation, 131, 135, 139
  • Reformation, 59
  • ‘second’, 68
  • Reinke-Williams, Tim, 56, 58
  • religion, 75, 155, 199, 202
  • Representation of the People Act (1918), 7
  • residential schools, Indian, 138
  • Revolution, American, 113, 114
  • Riches, Valerie, 178
  • rites of passage, 4, 33, 46, 56, 218, 248, 249
  • Rock, John, 174
  • Roper v. Simmons, 130
  • Ross, William, 176
  • Ruffin, Edmund, 111, 121
  • Ruffin, Elizabeth, 111, 119, 121
  • S
  • saints, 9, 68, 72
  • Salem, Massachusetts, 128
  • Saltmarsh, John, 79–80
  • San Francisco, California, 243
  • San Quentin, Babes of, 136–8
  • San Quentin, California, 136, 137, 138
  • Santiago de Compostella, Spain, 37
  • satire, 96, 101, 103, 259
  • Sbaraini, Ella, 58, 93
  • Schottennius, Hermannus, 48
  • Scope (charity), 225, 226
  • Scotland, 7, 12, 171–87, 204
  • Scottish Law Commission, 177
  • Seattle, Washington, 135–6
  • Section 28 (Local Government Act 1988), 228
  • seduction suits, 111–22
  • selection boards, psychological, 13, 149–63, 262
  • Sen, Satadru, 10, 194
  • senescence, 72, 76, 91
  • sermons, 34, 54, 68, 74,
  • funeral, 71, 72, 75–6
  • servants, 91, 112, 114, 117, 119–20
  • sex education, 184, 223
  • Sexual Offences Act (1967), 7
  • ‘Sexual Revolution’, 171–2, 174, 177, 241
  • sexuality, 2, 13, 150, 151, 153–6, 180, 181, 184, 185, 227
  • Shakespeare, William, 45, 48, 54
  • Sharp, John, 137
  • Shearer, Ann, 221
  • Shepard, Alexandra, 9–10, 46, 49, 59, 72
  • Shockley, Leonard, 130
  • Sikhism, 202, 208n12
  • single mothers, 36, 118
  • singleness, 113, 183, 184, 187, 217, 225
  • social mobility, 178, 180, 200
  • social workers, 194, 215, 222, 223, 260
  • soldiers, 50, 51, 54, 123n17, 151
  • South America, 11, 69
  • South Asians, 12, 13, 194–5, 196, 197, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 260
  • South Carolina, 130
  • sport, 197
  • Sproul, Robert, 117–18
  • Star, Idaho, 135
  • Starcross, Devon, 222, 223
  • status, social, 4, 5, 9–10, 28, 30, 111–12, 116, 121, 152, 173, 183, 229, 246, 248, 261
  • stereotypes, 2, 3, 13, 68, 73, 180, 194, 197, 198, 201, 206, 217, 241
  • sterilisation, involuntary, 136, 224
  • Stinney Jr, George, 130
  • Stopes, Marie, 174, 188n15
  • strength, physical, 9, 30, 49, 50, 52, 77, 137
  • suicide, 127, 227
  • Supreme Court, US (SCOTUS), 120, 130, 132, 133, 141n12
  • Swift, Jonathan, 94–5
  • T
  • Tarbin, Stephanie, 50, 55
  • Tarkington, Booth, 134
  • teenagers, 8, 179–80, 181, 193–6, 198, 203, 205–206, 207, 250
  • African-Caribbean, 208n12
  • South Asian, 197, 199, 204, 208n12
  • Thematic Apperception Test, 153–4, 155, 159
  • Thomas, George, 216, 217, 218
  • Thomas of Cantimpré, 29
  • Thompson, T. R., 137
  • Thompson, William, 130
  • Thompson v. Oklahoma, 130
  • Till, Emmett, 130
  • ‘tough on crime’ era, 139–40
  • Townsend, Peter, 222
  • Tucker, J. B., 134
  • Twain, Mark, 134
  • U
  • unemployment, 1, 171, 193, 199, 249
  • Unilever, 149, 152–3, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 261
  • Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS), 220–21, 226
  • V
  • Van Hoose, Cecil, 133
  • vanity, 58, 99
  • Vaughan, William, 52
  • Vickery, Amanda, 93, 96, 104
  • Vietnam War, 6
  • Villon, François, 32
  • virility. See masculinity
  • voting rights, 6, 7, 113
  • W
  • Walla Walla, Washington, 135, 136
  • Walpole, Horace, 96, 98, 100, 102
  • Walsham, Alexandra, 59, 68, 79
  • War Office Selection Boards, 13, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 160, 161
  • Waterfield, Percival, 149, 154, 155
  • Waters, Rob, 195, 196, 205
  • Webbe, Harold, 154
  • welfare state, 171
  • White, Rawlins, 77
  • widowhood, 56
  • William of Malmesbury, 28
  • Williamsburg, Virginia, 246
  • Wilson, Amrit, 200, 202
  • Wilson, John, 117, 118
  • Wiltshire, Pauline, 224
  • wisdom, 3, 9, 30, 35, 37, 49, 50, 52, 58, 70, 72, 73, 80, 94, 157, 160
  • witchcraft, 128
  • Wolfensberger, Wolf, 221, 222
  • Wolridge-Gordon, Patrick, 182
  • womanhood, 201, 248
  • Wood, Matthew, 120
  • Wood, Susan, 120
  • Word Association Tests, 155–6
  • World War I, 134, 151, 174
  • World War II, 6, 151, 157
  • Wormell, John, 133, 134
  • Wright, Thomas, 70
  • Y
  • York, England, 28
  • Yorkshire, 197
  • ‘young adulthood’, 13, 26, 33, 105
  • youth, 33–4, 35, 46, 51–4, 55, 57, 58, 71, 73, 74, 79, 80, 93, 95, 97, 101, 104, 157, 182, 205, 206, 207, 240, 242, 249
  • adulation of, 90, 100, 105
  • as ‘age of man’, 29, 30
  • culture, 172–3, 181, 203
  • desires of, 36, 48
  • extension of, 96, 98–100
  • lost, 27, 31–2
  • ‘othering’ of, 49
  • Z
  • Zulfiqar, Mohsin, 206

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