Index

A

Abbott, Diane, 206
Abrahams, Peter, 64
Adler, Emmanuel, 43
aid
in Africa, 108, 128, 144–6
to Europe, 66–7
and limits of decolonisation, 128, 141
in Vietnam, 161, 166
Algeria, 2, 5
and British left chapter 3 passim
and British media, 93–4, 97–105, 109, 111, 114
comparison with British empire, 97–8, 105, 108, 112
and de Gaulle, 104–5, 108, 111–12
and EEC, 92, 112, 115
Front de Libération National (FLN), 92, 98, 102–4, 108
and Indochina, 97, 106–7
and MCF, 94, 96–7, 99–101, 106, 114
Organisation armée secrète (OAS), 92
and Quakers, 106–9, 113
post-independence, 5
and Second World War, 41
and SFIO, 6, 93, 98–101
and Suez crisis, 97–8
torture, 9, 91, 94, 99, 107, 114
and transnationalising networks, 2, 13–14, chapter 3 passim
Alphand, Hervé, 46
American Socialist Party, 61–2
Amos, Valerie, 210, 218
Anderson, Perry, 110, 112
Andrade, Mario Pinto de, 132, 136, 140
Angola, 2, 127–8, 132, 138–9, 141
anti-fascism, 2
and British democracy, 44
European solidarity, 2, 10, 13, 129
fascist regimes, 14, 129, 134
and fascist risks, 95, 104–5
organisations, 61–2, 143
antiracism chapter 7 passim
Black Manifesto for Europe, 209
British Black Caucus, 206
contacts outside EU, 206, 212–13
EU support, 211
organising. See BWEN; SCORE
response to British and EU legislation, 203–5, 207–8, 210
role of women, 202, 209–13. See also BWEN; OWAAD
and social justice, 16, 201–2, 207, 212, 214
Arafat, Yasser, 16, 187, 189, 192–6
Ashwood Garvey, Amy, 61
Assises du socialisme, 191
Association de Solidarité Franco-Arabe (ASFA), 192, 198
Atlantic Charter, 35, 39–40, 47–8
Attlee, Clement, 36, 44, 49, 96
Auriol, Vincent, 37, 41, 43, 48–9
Avenol, Joseph, 36
Avnery, Uri, 187

B

Baker, Eric, 106
Bandung Conference, 5, 109, 111
Bangura, Alfredo, 136
Baran, Paul, 228
Belkacem, Krim, 104
Beloff, Nora, 93, 103
Ben Barka, Mehdi, 113, 192
Ben Bella, Ahmed, 92, 108
Benn, Tony, 100, 109, 111, 113, 136
Bérégovoy, Pierre, 227
Bernal, John Desmond, 130, 137
Bevan, Aneurin, 95–8, 101–3, 105, 109
Beveridge, William, 38, 45–8, 94
Beveridge Report, 34, 46
Bevin, Ernest, 50, 95
Black Women and Europe Network (BWEN), 202–3, 210–13
Blatchford, Robert, 34
Blum, Léon, 34–8
Boateng, Paul, 206
Boavida, Américo, 136
Boris, Georges, 43–4, 46, 48
Bouhired, Djamila, 103
Boumendjel, Ali, 99
Bourdet, Claude
and Algerian war of independence chapter 3 passim
and anticolonial networks, 13–14, 18, chapter 3 passim
arrest, 93–4
and CND, 110–11
dispute with Labour, 101–3, 109
France-Observateur and Labour Left, 97–102, 104–5, 109, 114
and French resistance, 91
and Quakers, 93, 106–9, 113
relations with British new left, 99–101, 104, 106, 110–13
and socialist Europe, 63, 94–6, 99, 102, 111–15
speaking/writing for British media, 91, 94, 96, 98, 106, 111
support for Bevan, 95–6, 98, 105, 114
visits to Britain, 94, 100–102, 105, 110–11
Bourguiba, Habib, 103, 106
Brandt, Willy, 145
‘Brandt Commission’, 193, 233–4
and Israel-Palestine conflict, 16, 186, 193, 195
and Locarno-era thinking, 72
and ‘New International Economic Order’, 7–8
relations with Palme, 18, 162–4, 166, 169, 171
and Socialist International, 193, 195, 234
and Third-Worldism, 145
and Vietnam war, 163–6, 168–9
and wartime experiences, 15, 162, 166
Brezhnev, Leonid, 163
Britain
and Anglo-Portuguese alliance, 14,143
and antiracism chapter 7 passim
and ‘Atlanticism’, 66, 95
and ‘Brexit’, 17
British Black Caucus, 206–7
British Nationality Acts, 203–4
Challenge to Britain, 136
and Cold War surveillance, 94, 130–31
economic policy, 3, 48, 69, 240
and empire, 14, 105–6, 112, 128, 133, 136, 146
and European Free Trade Association (EFTA), 112, 138, 143
and European project, 12, 19, 48–9, chapter 2 passim. See also London Bureau, 91, 112–13
France and Britain, 44
impact of EU on migration chapter 7 passim
importance for French left, 95–6, 98, 101
and internationalism, 1, 8, 92, 104
and Israel/Palestine, 15, 185
and liberation of Portuguese empire in Africa chapter 4 passim
new left, 99–100, 109–13, 141
as place of anticolonial mobilisation chapters 3 and 4 passim
as post-war economic model, 8
and post-war reconstruction, 39, 48–50, 140
and racism chapter 7 passim
and Second World War chapter 1 passim, 59–60, 62, 129
and SFIO in exile, 12, chapter 1 passim
and ‘Special Relationship’, 39–40
union with France, 40
and United Nations, 46, 50, 106, 113, 133, 144, 146
and Vietnam War chapter 5 passim
and war of Algerian independence chapter 3 passim
and Windrush scandal, 16
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 93–4, 104, 111
Brockway, Fenner
and Bourdet, 18, 93–4, 96, 99, 113–14
Independent Labour Party, 13
and Israel, 99
and London Bureau, 61–3
and Movement for Colonial Freedom, 108
and MUSSE, 67
and Portuguese colonies, 136, 145
and Spain, 61
and Vietnam, 113–14
Brouckère, Louis de, 35
Bullitt, William, 38
Butler, ‘Rab’, 3

C

Cabral, Amílcar, 132–3, 142
Cabral, João, 136
Caetano, Marcelo, 143–4
Calder, Ritchie, 94, 111
Callaghan, James, 136
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 110, 113
Carlsson, Bernt, 193, 195–6
Carlsson, Ingvar, 229, 239
Castle, Barbara, 99, 102–3, 108
Centre d’études, de recherches et d’éducation socialiste (CERES), 188–92
Cépède, Michel, 69
Chenal, Alain, 192
Chevènement, Jean-Pierre, 188, 190, 192
Cheysson, Claude, 196
China, 96, 138
Churchill, Winston, 12, 36, 42, 65, 68
Claes, Willy, 223
‘Claes Group’, 224–32, 235, 240
and Delors, 229, 235
‘Euro-Keynesian’ approach to economics and employment, 226, 232
influence of Kaldor and Cambridge Economic Policy Group, 233, 235
updated Keynesian policies of 1970s, 228–9
Cold War
and attitudes to US, 13, 170
emergence of neoliberal policies in Europe, 17
end of, 17, 171, 223–4
and European unity, 59
and independence struggles, 128–30, 135, 145
informants and surveillance, 62, 129–30
intellectual cooperation, 6, 10, 12, 111
party divisions, 14, 65
studies, 6
and Vietnam chapter 5 passim
See also NATO; Soviet Union; United States
Cole, G. D. H., 100
Collins, Revd. John, 111
Comintern (Communist International), 13, 60–61
Commission for Racial Equality (UK), 18, 205–6, 208
Committee for the Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guinea (CFMAG), 141–4
Commonwealth, 16, 69
and EEC membership, 112–14
and European Single market/Single European Act, 203–4, 214
Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community (CSPEC)
activities of, 17, 225, 227–8
and Delors, 238
disagreements among members, 230–31
and Global Challenge, 234
‘More Jobs for Europe’, 223–5, 228–9, 232
structural weakness, 225–9, 231, 237–8, 240
succeeded by Party of European Socialists (PES), 223
Congo (Belgian), 131, 135
Congress of the Peoples Against Imperialism, 92
Cot, Jean-Pierre, 229
Cot, Pierre, 42
Cross-Cultural Black Women’s Studies Institute, 210
Crossman, Richard, 66, 95, 97

D

Dalton, Hugh, 41, 50
Davidson, Basil, 14–15
African Awakening, 131–3
as Africanist historian, 110, 128, 130–31, 133, 139–40, 145
and Algeria, 98–101, 108
Angola, 1961, 134–5
and British new left, 141
and Brockway, Fenner, 136
and CFMAG, 142–3
friendship with African leaders, 132–3, 136, 138–9, 145
In the Eye of the Storm: Angola’s People, 140–41
journalist, 129–32
and Labour Party, 129, 135–7, 142, 145
The Liberation of Guinea, 139
and Lusophone Africa, 114, chapter 4 passim
and neutral belt in Europe, 99
and Portuguese left, 136–7
and Présence Africaine, 132, 137
surveillance, 130–31, 143, 146
and UDC, 130, 133–5
visits to Africa, 131, 133, 139, 146
wartime background of, 129–30
decolonisation
and British ‘official mind’, 146
and French new left, 92–3, 102, 112, 114, 185
and European integration, 4–5, 11, 14, 104
and socialism in Europe, 1, 4–7, 11, 13–14, 72, 104–5
and Cold War, 10, 128
post-independence aid, 144
resistance to, 65, 92, 132, 143
study of, 4–5, 10
unfinished, 19–20, 137, 140–41
De Gaulle, Charles
and Algeria, 104–5, 108, 111
and Britain, 38–9, 91, 111–12
and British Labour, 41–3, 49, 104–5
and French left, 3, 12, 41–5, 49, 105, 108, 111–12, 186
in London, 12, 37–9
and Soviet Union, 4, 49, 158
and United States, 37–40, 158, 167
and Vietnam, 158–9
Delors, Jacques
and Claes/Larsson proposals, 226, 231–2, 237–240
and CSPEC, 237–240
and ‘Forward Studies Unit’ (Cellule de Prospective), 225
Head of European Commission, 224
and ‘new architecture of Europe’, 239–40
and ‘offshoring’, 17
Depreux, Edouard, 93
Dong, Pham Van, 162, 167–8
Dos Santos, Marcelino, 132, 143
Douglas-Hume, Alec, 157
Dumas, Roland, 196
Dummett, Ann, 203

E

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), 226–7, 236–8
Eden, Anthony, 36, 38–9, 41
Edwards, Bob, 61–4, 67–8
Egypt, 16, 97, 184, 186–7, 189
epistemic communities, 10, 234–5
Erhard, Ludwig, 157, 166
Estier, Claude, 98, 186–7, 189–90
‘Euro-Keynesianism’, 232, 235, 240
European Defence Community (EDC), 95–6
European Economic Community (EEC)
and Britain, 19, 92, 110, 112–13, 203
and CSPEC, 225, 231
and migration, 19, 203, 212
and MSEUE, 13
and policy making, 7, 193, 223, 227–8, 234–5, 237
and Portugal, 144
and Schengen agreement, 205
and Single Market, 16, 203, 214
and Treaty of Rome, 73, 92, 205, 209, 214
and TREVI Group, 205
European Employment Initiative (EEI), 223–4, 231, 239
European Free Trade Association (EFTA), 112, 138, 143
European integration
and Britain, 19
and conflict, 12, 59, 72
and decolonisation, 4, 7
and Europeanisation, 10, 73, 207–8
and ‘polity-making’, 10
and rights, 20, 201–2, 208
and Schuman Plan, 69
‘Third Force’, 64–9, 96, 99
and transnationalism, 9, 12, 16, 19–20, 70, 208
Europeanisation, 9–10, 19, 201–2, 207–8, 212–4
European Movement (EM), 59, 65, 68–9, 71
‘European-ness’, 2
European Recovery Program. See Marshall Plan
European Single Market, 16, 203–5, 214, 229
European Society of Culture, 6
European Union
Amsterdam Treaty, 17, 214, 224
and borders, 3–4, 16, 19, 209, 214
budget, 236
and decolonisation, 4–5, 19
Maastricht Treaty, 208, 211, 223, 226–7, 229, 239–40
and socialist structures, 7, 225, 239
transnational networks, 203, 214

F

Fabians, 44–5, 135
federalism, 12, 49, 59, 64, 68–9, 70–71
Figueiredo, António, 137
Foot, Michael
on Algeria, 100–101, 114, 95
and Bourdet, 93, 95–6, 98, 100–102, 109, 114
and discussion of European defence, 95–6, 102
in Labour Party, 93, 98, 102, 232
and Suez, 98
Foot, Paul, 143
‘Fortress Europe’, 16, 201, 203, 208, 212, 214
France
and Amnesty International, 137
and antiracism, 208, 212–14
and bombing of French embassy in Hanoi 1972, 160–62, 167–9
British correspondents in, 95, 103–4
British Labour views of, 44–6, 50, 94, 102, 104–5
and empire, 14, 96–7, 104, 133. See also Algeria; Indochina
and ILP, 63–4, 66
and Israel/Palestine chapter 6 passim
and liberation of Portuguese Africa, 142
Mouvement contre l’armement atomique, 113
and NATO, 111–12, 158, 167–8
‘New Left’, 18, 91, 92
and PLO, 16, 192–4, 196
and racism, 204
and Second World War, 3, 7, 12, chapter 1 passim, 65, 185
socialists and economic policy, 66, 226–7, 231
and Suez crisis, 15–16, 92, 98, 185
and Treaty of Rome, 92
and Vietnam War, 158, 167–8
France Observateur, 13, chapter 3 passim, 187
Frenay, Henri, 64, 68
French Communist Party. See Parti Communiste Français
French Socialist Party. See SFIO; Parti socialiste
Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO), 132, 138–9, 141, 143–4
Front de libération nationale (FLN), 92, 98, 102–4, 108

G

Gaitskell, Hugh, 3, 96, 98, 136
Gauche Européenne, 70
Gaza, 15–16, 189, 191, 194
Gillies, William, 43–4, 50
Globalisation, 4–5, 7, 10, 17, 19, 92, 228
Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Française (GPRF), 49
Grant, Bernie, 16–17, 202, 205–7, 209–11
Greece, 64, 67–8, 130, 208, 212, 226, 231
Archeio-Marxist Party, 61, 63
Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), 236
Groupe de Recherche et d’Action pour le règlement du Problème Palestinien (GRAPP), 192–8
Groupe Jean Jaurès, 12, 33, 42–45
Guinea-Bissau, 127–8, 137–9

H

Hall, Stuart, 99, 101, 109–14
Halliday, Fred, 143
Hart, Judith, 144
Hauck, Henri, 43–4, 46
Hayek, Friedrich, 3
Heydorn, Heinz-Joachim, 63–4, 67
Hobsbawm, Eric, 100
Hodgkin, Thomas, 130, 135, 141
Hungary, 14, 129, 131
Huysmans, Camille, 35, 43
Huxley, Julian, 137

I

imagined communities, 8
Independent Labour Party (ILP)
conflict with Labour Party, 64, 66
decline, 65–6, 68, 70
and London Bureau, 60, 62–3
and Pivert, 64
India, 94, 96, 106, 113, 133–4, 205
Indochina, 61, 91, 96–97, 106–7, 139, 158, 167
internationalism, 8–9
Black internationalism, 202
and decolonisation, 7–9, 100, 114
and regional integration, 7–8, 18
and socialism, 7–9, 34, 60, 72, 113
study of, 7–9, 92
International Union against Racism, 64
Israel chapter 6 passim
and Brandt diplomacy, 16, 186, 193
and Brockway, 99
Convention des Institutions Républicaines (CIR), 186–7
and European socialism, 15, 183–86
Israeli Far Left Party (Mifleget HaPoalim HaMeuhedet, MAPAM), 18, 187
Israeli Labour Party (Mifléguet Poalei Eretz Israel, MAPAÏ), 18, 183
Israeli left, 184, 186–7, 193
and Lebanon, 195
and Mitterrand, 187–8, 192–4
and Mollet, 183
secret service, 192
Shoah, 185–6
Six Day War, 184–5
and Socialist International, 163, 193, 195
Suez crisis, 183
Yom Kippur War, 190
Italian Socialist Party. See Partido socialista italiano
Italy
and British left, 111, 113
Catholicism, 109
and EU socialist networks, 231, 235
and independent Algeria, 5
and London Bureau, 61
and Nenni, 111, 185
and rights, 104, 111, 137
and SCORE, 208
in Second World War, 129, 164

J

Jamaica, 7, 101, 233–4
James, C. L. R, 61
Jarret, Cynthia, 206, 211
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 138, 157
Jospin, Lionel
and criticism of the CSPEC, 231
and EEC, 230–31
support for Palestinian cause, 188, 192, 196
Jospin, Robert, 64
Jowitt, William, 46

K

Kaldor, Nicholas, 233, 235
Kellou, Mohamed, 102, 106
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 138, 158
Kenya, 61, 97–8, 105, 113–14, 131
Kenyatta, Jomo, 61
Keynes, John Maynard, 3, 46, 226–7, 240, chapter 8 passim
Khan, Naseem, 210
Kinnock, Neil, 229, 238
Kissinger, Henry, 161, 166, 168, 170
Kreisky, Bruno
friendship with Willi Brandt and Olof Plame, 15, 18, 162–3, 171
and Israel/Palestine, 15, 163, 193
and Socialist International, 163, 171
and Vietnam war, 162–3, 168–9
wartime experiences, 15, 162, 168

L

Labour and Socialist International, 35, 61
Labour Party, British
and Atlantic alliance, 13, 66, 96, 229
Black leaders, 202–3, 205–7, 211, 214
and Bourdet, 94–6, 98–9, 101–3, 109, 112, 114
and British empire, 97–8, 105–6
and de Gaulle, 38–9, 41–2, 104–5
and economy, 3, 34, 69, 228–38
and EEC/EU institutions, 230–36
enduring Euroscepticism within, 230, 237–9
and European defence, 95–6, 98–9, 130, 229
and French exiles in Second World War, 33–39, 41–5, 49–50
and Independent Labour Party (ILP), 13, 64, 66, 68
and Israel, 16, 185–6
‘Keep Left’, 95
and immigration legislation, 17, 203
and Lusophone Africa, 14, 128, 132, 135–7, 141, 143–6
and ‘More Jobs for Europe’, 230, 232–3
National Association of Labour Student Organisations (NALSO), 111
post-war plans and SFIO, 46–49
and racial equality, 205–7
and Socialist International, 94–5
and Suez crisis, 97–8
and Third Force Europe, 14, 65–6, 68, 91, 99
and Vietnam War, 157, 167
and war of Algerian independence, 93, 100–101, 103–6, 114
and welfare, 34, 68
world government, 94
Laird, Melvin, 161
Lara, Lúcio, 132
Larsson, Allan
and Delors, 226, 239
and influence, 229–32, 235–6, 239–40
‘Larsson group’, 224–6, 230–32, 224–6, 239–40
and need for compatibility with EMU, 237, 239
and ‘New Deal for Europe’, 224–6
League of Nations, 36, 38, 42
Lebanon, 194–5
Lee, Jenny, 95
Legum, Colin, 109
Lessing, Doris, 100, 137
Lester, Joan, 143–4
Liberalism
liberalisation, 48, 73, 204
limits of, soft politics, 42, 107, 134, 207, 212
and socialism, 3, 35, 94
and welfare, 46
London Bureau, 13, 59–64, 70, 72

M

Macmillan, Harold, 92, 135
Major, John, 209
Mandel, Ernest, 111
Manley, Michael, 7, 233–35, 240
Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program), 65, 67
Martin, Kingsley, 130–31, 134
Marx, Karl/Marxism, 93, 112
and British left, 34, 60–62, 93, 111, 141
disagreement about by socialists, 70–71
and London Bureau, 60–63
and Lusophone Africa, 138–9, 141, 146
neo-Marxism, 228
and The Socialist Register, 141
Mauroy, Pierre, 188, 196, 226
Mayer, Daniel
and Britain in postwar Europe, 49
French resistance, 37, 43, 45
and Israel, 185, 193
Mayole, Matthew, 136
Maxton, James, 66
McNair, John, 61, 63, 65, 67
Meir, Golda, 184–5
Mendès France, Pierre, 96
Mendl, Wolf, 107–8, 113
Mikardo, Ian, 95, 101, 103, 108, 112
Miliband, Ralph, 141
Mitterrand, François, 16, 186–9, 191–4, 196
Mollet, Guy
and British media, 97–102
and socialist Europe, 64
and Suez Crisis, 15, 97–9, 183–4
and war in Algeria, 92, 97–102
Mondlane, Eduardo, 132, 139, 141, 143
Monnet, Jean, 40, 42, 46
Moore, Henry, 137
Morocco, 41, 106, 113, 192
Moulin, Léo, 71–2
Mouvement Socialiste pour les États-Unis d’Europe (MSEUE)
and American Socialist Party, 61–2
as bridge, 12–13, 18
early Movement for the United Socialist States of Europe (MUSSE), 12, 60, 68, 72
and empire, 61, 65
and European Movement, 59, 65, 68–9, 71
and federalism, 59, 64, 68–9, 71
Frankfurt Congress, 70–71
Gauche européenne, 70
and ILP, 60, 62–6, 68
International Socialist States of Europe, 63
Montrouge Conference, 65–8
structure. See London Bureau
Third Force, 60, 64–6
Trotskyism, 60, 62–3
United States of Europe, 62–4, 70
Movement for Colonial Freedom (MCF)
and Bourdet, 94, 96, 99–101, 106, 114
membership, 135, 141
and repression in British empire, 97
and torture in Algeria, 94, 99–100
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), 132, 135–8, 140, 144
Mozambique, 127–8, 136–42, 144
Myrdal, Gunnar, 6, 162, 164

N

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 184, 187. See also Egypt; Suez Crisis
National Peace Council, 106
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 94
Nenni, Pietro, 111, 185
neo-colonialism, 14–15, 140–41, 158
neoliberalism, 3–4, 17, 223, 226–7, 233
Netherlands
and anticolonial networks, 142
and antiracist networks, 202, 204, 208, 212–13
Dutch Labour Party, 19, 227
Revolutionair Socialistische Partij, 63
Neto, Agostinho, 132, 135, 139–40, 144
New Leader, 63
New Left Review, 109–11, 113–14, 138
New Statesman and Nation, 14, 45, 95, 97, 130–32, 134
Nidal, Abu (aka Sabri al-Banna), 196
Nigeria, 108, 131, 206, 211
Nixon, Richard, 157
Noel-Baker, Philip, 38, 41–42, 50
‘normative Europe’ and norms, 4, 10, 15
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
and British new left, 110–11
and France, 167–8
and Portugal, 14, 128, 135, 138, 143–5
and Vietnam war, 163, 167, 170
Norway, 36, 108, 162, 169, 212

O

Öberg, Jean-Christophe, 160–61, 165, 167
Ocloo, Josephine, 208–9
Organisation armée secrète (OAS), 92
Organisation for Women of African and African/Asian Descent (OWAAD), 211
Orwell, George, 75, 130
Osamor, Martha, 16–17, 202, 210–11

P

Padley, Walter, 63
Padmore, George, 61–2
Palestine chapter 6 passim
and Brandt diplomacy, 186, 193
Centre d’études, de recherches et d’éducation socialiste (CERES), 188, 190–92
and Christian left, 191–2
Convention des Institutions Républicaines (CIR), 186–7
greater support within PS, 15–16, 189–196
and Mitterrand, 187–8, 192–4
and Socialist International, 163, 193, 195
Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), 187, 189–96
Palme, Olof
change in economic policy in 1980s, 226–7
and early opposition to Vietnam War, 15, 57, 159
friendship with Kreisky and Brandt, 15–16, 18, 162–4, 166, 168, 171
and Palestine, 193
Palme Commission, 233
and Pham Van Dong, 167
and Second World War, 16, 168–9
socialism of, 18, 171
and US bombing of Hanoi, 160–62, 164–6, 170
and US sympathies, 162–4, 170
pan-Africanism, 61, 64, 109
Pannikar, K. M., 96
Parti Communiste Français (PCF), 3, 35–6, 47, 188, 228
Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), 127–8, 132, 136, 138–9, 142
Partido italiano socialista (PSI), 111, 185, 235
Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista (POUM), 61
Parti socialiste (PS)
Assises du socialisme, 191
Centre d’études, de recherches et d’éducation socialiste (CERES), 188
and Christian left, 191–2
Convention des Institutions Républicaines (CIR), 186–7
and CSPEC/PES, 229–31, 235
and economic policy in Europe, 226–8, 229–32, 235
Épinay Congress, 187–8, 191
influence of Mitterrand, 186–7, 189, 192
and Israel/Palestine, 16, chapter 6 passim
Programme commun de gouvernement, 188, 228
Parti socialiste unifié (PSU), 18, 109, 111, 185, 191
Party of European Socialists (PES), 223, 225–6, 229, 231
‘Eight Recommendations for Growth and Employment’, 235
Pétain, Philippe, 36–7
Peyrega, Jacques, 99
Philip, André
and de Gaulle, 12, 43
and distinctions within European socialism, 70, 109
in London, 13, 18, 44
and MSEUE, 69–72
and MUSSE, 64
and war in Algeria, 93
Phillips, Morgan, 98
Pineau, Christian, 185
Pisani, Edgard, 230
Pitt, David, 203, 206
Pivert, Marceau, 61–5, 93, 96, 99
planning
contested, 4
and EU policy thinking, 232
in France, 3, 12, 44, 228
‘planism’, 71
Post-War Planning, 33, 40, 47–9
pre- and post-war continuities, 3, 9, 12, 18, 44–6
supranational, 65–70
Pleven, René, 37
Polish Socialist Party, 61, 67
Polydefkis, Henry, 64
Pompidou, Georges, 164, 167–8
Pontillon, Robert, 16, 184, 189
Portugal
and antiracist networks, 207–8
and British Left chapter 4 passim
and colonial rule, 133–4, 138–9, 143–4
criticism of Salazar’s regime, 2, 14, 112
and EFTA, 112, 138
and EU economic discussions, 226–9, 231
and Lusophone Africa chapter 4 passim
and NATO, 14, 128, 135, 138, 144–6
and Socialist International, 196
and UN, 136
war in Angola, 134
Portuguese Communist Party, 136
Présence Africaine, 101, 132, 142

Q

Quakers/Society of Friends, 14, 106–107

R

racial issues
See also antiracism
apartheid, 14, 105, 127, 130, 140, 146
Commission for Racial Equality, 18, 206, 208
and empire, 62, 105, 108, 136–7, 142
Institute of Race Relations, 214
International Union against Racism, 63–4
race as construct, 15, 202
Race Relations Act, 205
racialisation processes, 9, 16–17, 20, 110, 203
structural racism, 206–7
Women under Racism, 210
Reagan, Ronald, 4, 233–4, 237
Resistance (Second World War)
and French politics, 3–4, 13, 36–7, 49, 69, 91
Comité national français (CNF), 33, 41, 44
Commission pour l’étude des problèmes d’après-guerre, 46
Conseil National de la Résistance, 63, 91
in London (Groupe Jean Jaurès), 12, 33, 42–45
place in debates on empire and foreign affairs, 111, 185
and SOE, 41
and support for alternative Europe, 64, 69, 91
transnational, 11, 129
Rhodesias, 105, 114, 130, 132, 137–8, 144
Richardson, Josephine, 95, 111
Ridley, Francis, 61–3, 65–7
Robin, Jacques, 63, 67
Rocard, Michel, 191, 235
Rogers, Douglas, 97
Rogers, William, 161
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 4, 37–8, 40, 48
Roth, Andrew, 96–8, 102, 109, 112, 114
Rous, Jean, 96–7

S

Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 14, 133–4, 137–8, 143, 227
Samuel, Raphael, 99, 100–101, 110–12
Sartawi, Issam, 193, 196
Savary, Alain, 187
Scott, Michael, 99, 105
Section française de l’internationale ouvrière (SFIO)
and Algeria, 6, 93, 98, 107, 185
and British Labour in exile, 12, 37–8, 41–6, 49–50
comparison with Labour, 34–6
divisions, 12, 96–8, 101
and ‘Europeanism’, 7
in French politics, 34–6, 43, 45, 47
and Middle East, 97–9, 184–5
and planning, 45–6, 69, 71
and socialist Europe, 61, 63
and Socialist International, 109
tension with British Labour over Algerian war, 97–103
tensions with British Labour on Europe, 64, 66
and world order, 47
Segal, Ronald, 106, 140
Séguillon, Pierre-Luc, 192
Senegal, 61, 139
Single European Act
and Europeanisation, 204, 207
and limits to freedom of movement, 204, 210–11, 214
pro-market, 227
and transnational antiracism, 16–17, 204, 210–211, 214
Slovo, Joe, 143
Smuts, Jan, 49
Soares, Mario, 195, 226–7, 229
Socialist International
and EU economic debates of 1990s, 227, 232–5, 240
and Franco-British tensions, 98, 109
Global Challenge, 234
and Israel/Palestine, 163, 171, 193, 195–6
leadership, 171, 193
membership, 18, 109
Socialist International Committee on Economic Policy/Manley Group, 233–4, 240
transnational left socialism, dilemmas of, 18, 60–61, 64, 70
South Africa
anticolonial militants, 64, 105–6, 130, 140, 143
British relations with, 49, 131
criticism of apartheid, 14, 105, 108, 114, 146
Sharpeville, 164
withdrawal from Commonwealth, 112
Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD), 7, 63, 145, 186, 238
Spaak, Paul-Henri, 72
Spain
anti-racism, 208, 212
Civil War, 10–11, 13, 61–2
colonies, 11
and European economic policy, 226–7, 231
political repression in, 2, 68, 130, 137
Stalin, Josef, 4, 13, 49, 59–60, 62, 95
Stalinism, 13, 60, 65
Standing Conference for Racial Equality in Europe (SCORE)
and ‘Black Manifesto for Europe’, 209
Black Women Sub-Committee, 209–12
creation, 203, 205, 213
leadership, 202, 206–7, 209
and postcolonial Europe, 207, 213
relations with EU institutions, 208–9
transnational, 202, 207–9, 214
Suez Crisis, 15, 92, 97–99, 110, 183
Susini, Pierre, 160–61
Sweden
antiracist networks, 204
British links, 112
and economic policy, 226–7, 229, 236, 239–40. See also Larsson
and European leadership, 16, 162, 164, 166, 168
interests in Africa, 145
neutrality of, 18, 145, 159, 163, 170–71
and Palestine, 193
and postwar geopolitics, 6
and Second World War, 15, 162
and Swedish Labour Movement’s Archives and Library, 164, 225
and Vietnam war, 15, 18, chapter 5 passim
Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP), 15, 162, 229
Sweezy, Paul, 228

T

Tazdaït, Djida, 18, 207, 211–12
Thatcher, Margaret, 3, 206, 233
Third World
and anticolonial organising, 128–9
and de Gaulle, 158
and socialist thinking, 7, 145, 171, 191–2
Third-Worldism, 7, 127, 188
Thompson, E. P., 100, 110–11
Trades Union Congress (British TUC), 205, 208, 238
Tribune, 44–5, 94–102, 104–5, 111, 114, 137
Trudeau, Pierre, 165
Tunisia, 92, 103

U

Unemployment
European policies, 17, 224, 227–9 (and chapter 8 passim)
and international system, 39, 65
União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA), 140
Union de la gauche socialiste (UGS), 103, 109
Union Européenne des Fédéralistes (UEF), 68
Union of Democratic Control (UDC)
creation, 130, 135
and Portuguese empire in Africa, 133–5
surveillance of, 94, 130
and war of Algerian independence, 94, 99–100, 105, 114
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
appeal to European communists, 3–4, 35–6
British links, 35, 113, 130
British visits, 62
and colonial liberation, 4, 6, 131, 144
and de Gaulle, 4, 158
dissolution, 170–71
and international system, 44, 48–50, 64, 66, 130, 166
and Marshall Plan, 67
and Middle East, 185
and MUSSE/MSEUE, 65
repression in, 14, 131
and Second World War, 34, 40, 165
and Vietnam, 163, 170
United Kingdom. See Britain
United Nations
and Arafat, 195
Charter of Economic Rights and Duties for States, 233
creation, 46, 50
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, 48
G-77 dominance, 233
and liberation in Portuguese Africa, 127–8, 133, 138, 144–6
New International Economic Order, 233
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 6
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 108, 146
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, 47
and Vietnam War, 160
and war of Algerian independence, 106, 113
United States
American left, 61–2, 96
and British antiracist networks, 204, 206
and British Labour, 36
economic policy, 4, 47–8, 158–9
and ‘Fortress Europe’, 201
good offices, 103
peace organisations, 93–4, 106–8, 130
and Portuguese Empire, 128, 131, 135, 138
and Second World War, 3–4, 34, 37–40, 45, 168–9
in socialist economic policy in Europe, 226, 236
in socialist plans for Europe, 13, 48–50, 63–4, 66–7, 70–71
and Vietnam War, 15, 127, 138, 157–70
and Ukraine, 170–71
withdrawal from Germany, 158–9
Universities and Left Review (ULR), 99–102, 105–6, 110, 114
Uyl, Joop den, 227, 229–31, 237

V

Vaz, Keith, 206–7
Vichy Government. See also France
Viet Minh. See also Indochina; Vietnam
Vietnam War
and Britain, 15, 114, 143, 157, 167
and de Gaulle, 158
escalation, 157–8
and international reverberations, 2, 127, 138, 191
and NATO, 163, 167, 170
North Vietnam leaders, 18, 161–2, 167
Operation Linebacker II/‘Christmas Bombings’, 160–62, 164–8
and Palme. See Palme, Olof
and Palme-Brandt-Kreisky intervention, 162–4, 166, 168
and Quakers, 113–14
self-determination, 159
and Western differences, 165–8
Vignon, Jérôme, 239

W

Weil, Simone, 37
Weitz, Lucien, 95, 97–8, 101
Welfare
and anti-racism, 208, 214
and decolonisation, 8, 18
British welfare state, 34, 46
competing models, 8, 11–12, 72
in EU policy, 236
Wilson, Harold
and economic strategy, 232
Israel, 16, 185
and Lusophone Africa, 138, 141, 144
and Vietnam War, 15, 157, 167
Wilson, Woodrow, 38
World Council of Churches, 18, 206, 210

Y

Yugoslavia, 111–13, 129

Z

Zaidi, Nora, 207
Zaremba, Zygmunt, 67
Zilliacus, Konni, 95, 110–12

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Q

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