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Notes
table of contents
Index
- A
- abortion, 3, 16–17, 160, 162–3, 170, 172, 174n27–8, 180. See also birth control pill; Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir
- abstraction, 14–15, 114–18, 120–24
- Ação Popular, 146
- acompañamiento / accompaniment, 13–14, 54–5, 57–8, 60, 62–72, 74–78
- Afro-descendent communities, 6, 188, 202–3, 205–8
- Agamben, Giorgio, 179–81
- Aguilar, Mario I., 5, 17, 55, 59, 77, 78n1
- Aldunate, José, 136, 138
- alienation
- and ecclesial hierarchies, 11, 14, 25, 31, 33–34, 37
- and architecture, 114, 120–21
- religion as, 91
- All Africa Council of Churches (AACC), 148
- Allende, Salvador, 4
- Alliance for Progress, 85, 119–20, 133
- Althaus-Reid, Marcella, 6–8, 18n8, 209n2
- Alvez, Rubem, 95–6
- Amazon Synod, 3. See also ecology
- Angelelli, Enrique, 3. See also martyrs / martyrdom
- anthropocentrism, 10, 17, 180, 185, 190–92
- Antoine, Charles, 141, 151
- Antoncich, Ricardo, 59, 62
- apostolic obedience, 13, 28–31, 34, 37, 43, 182
- Aramburu, Juan Carlos, 29, 37
- architecture, 15, 114, 116, 121, 123
- architecture without architects, 114
- Arquitetura Nova, 120–21
- Assmann, Hugo, 137
- Autogobierno, 121
- B
- Battista Alberti, Leon, 116, 121
- Benítez, Hernán, 30
- Benjamin, Walter, 88, 105n5, 179, 193n2
- Bertrand Russell Tribunal, 143, 145. See also dictatorship, repression
- Bidegaín, Ana María, 7
- birth control pill, vii, 16, 160, 166–8, 170, 172, 173n19, 174n28. See also abortion
- Black theology, 6, 102, 160–61, 200, 205, 208. See also ethnicity
- Boff, Clodovis, 140
- Boff, Leonardo, 2–3, 6, 9–11, 13, 24, 44, 113, 184, 205, 210n14
- bogotazo, 84
- Bolatti, Archbishop Guillermo, 28, 31
- Bonavía, Pablo, 58–9, 61, 63–4, 66–8
- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, xi–xiii
- Bonino, José Míguez, 18n8, 137
- Brazilian Information Front. See Frente Brasileira de Informações
- Brunelleschi, Filippo, 116
- Bukele, Nayib (Salvadoran president), xii
- C
- Cáceres, Berta, 199, 206–7. See also martyrs / martyrdom
- Caggiano, Antonio, 27–8, 33
- Câmara, Dom Hélder, 16, 139, 141, 148–51
- Cañales, 53–4, 56, 58, 60, 62, 68–70
- capitalism, 3–4, 39, 55, 58, 114, 132, 150, 185, 204, 206–8
- Carbone, Alberto, 40–42, 45n16–17
- Cardenal, Ernesto, 2–3, 10
- Cardonnell, Jean, 141, 143
- Carter, Jimmy, 8–9, 137
- cartoneros, 75
- Casalis, George, 141, 143
- Catholic Church, 1–2, 4, 11–12, 14, 16, 18n1, 55, 58, 61, 63, 77, 106n11, 114, 123, 143, 148, 153, 185–6
- in Argentina, 5, 13, 24–45
- and conservativism, 90, 133–4
- and women, 159–64, 166, 173n4, 173n7
- and martyrdom, 200, 203–5
- Catholic humanism, 85
- Catholic social teaching, 14, 56, 59, 62
- Catholic University of Louvain, 93, 140, 144, 146, 181
- Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir, 3, 172. See also abortion
- Catholics for Choice. See Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir
- celibacy, 13, 23–5, 38, 41–3
- Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social (CENCOS), 163
- charism, 56, 58
- charity, 14, 31, 34, 55, 58–9, 63, 65–6, 71, 74, 78, 90, 136, 150
- Chipana, Sofía, 188–9
- Christ, xi–xiv, xvi, 10, 16, 31–2, 56–9, 65–6, 75, 147, 183, 210n8
- historical Jesus, xvi, 100, 186, 202, 205, 207
- Christian Movement for Peace (MCP), 143
- Christian Worker Movement (MOC), 143
- CIA, 131, 133
- Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), 206, 210n13
- civil war (El Salvador), xi–xii
- clasificadores, 54, 63, 72, 74–6, 78n3
- clericalism, 10–12
- climate crisis, 8, 191. See also ecology, environment
- Coalición de Mujeres Feministas, 170. See also feminism
- Coalition of Women Feminists. See Coalición de Mujeres Feministas
- Cold War, the, vii–viii, 3–4, 119, 133
- colonialism / coloniality, 5–6, 8, 10, 15–16, 93, 115, 122, 149, 206, 208
- Comisión Económica para América Latina / Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL), 119, 122, 132
- Comisión Episcopal de Pastoral (COEPAL), 42, 45n18
- Comité de Solidarité France-Brésil, 143
- Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Araguaia (CODEARA), 142
- Comunicación, Intercambio y Desarrollo Humano en América Latina (CIDHAL), 162, 170, 172
- Comunidades Eclesiales de Base / Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, 4, 11, 24, 31, 57–8, 93, 97, 99, 101, 113, 123, 133, 201, 207
- Concatti, Rolando, 39–40
- Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (CEA), 27
- Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), 141, 151
- conquistadores / conquistadors, 116, 202
- conscientizaçao / conscientisation / concientización, 149, 171
- Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM)
- second meeting in Medellín, 1, 25–6, 29, 35, 58–9, 62, 93, 133
- third meeting in Puebla, 1–2, 7–8, 11, 16, 25, 42, 58, 159–63, 171, 173n6
- Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO), 167, 170
- Con-spirando, 180, 188–92
- Cooperativa de Vivienda de Familias Unidas (COVIFU), 13, 53–78
- cordobazo, 28, 38
- corpus mysticum / mystical body of Christ, 11, 35
- Cortés, Hernán, 118
- cosmopraxis, 189
- Cristianismo y Revolución, 27, 33, 43
- Cristianos por el Socialismo, 4
- Cross, Nigel, 115
- crucified people, xii–xiv, 200, 206–7
- crucifixion, xi, xiii, 10, 147
- Cuban Revolution, 4, 91, 119
- curas villeros (Argentina), 42–3
- D
- death, xii–xiii, xv, 122, 201, 204, 207–9
- powers of, xvi, 181
- decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory, vii–viii, 6, 14, 93, 117–18, 122, 205–7, 210n11. See also colonialism / coloniality
- dependency, 4, 9, 16, 59, 70, 119, 132, 139, 146, 168. See also colonialism / coloniality
- Descartes, Rene, 118, 122
- design, 15, 114–16, 118, 121, 124–5
- Development Company of Araguaia. See Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Araguaia (CODEARA)
- devolución sistemática (systematic devolution), 99, 104. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- De Carlo, Giancarlo, 114
- Dictatorship. See also Pinochet, General Augusto; Onganía, General Juan Carlos
- in Argentina, 5, 13, 18n1, 27–8, 38, 42–3
- in Brazil, 4, 16, 131, 134, 138–40, 144, 148, 152
- in Chile, 4
- in Uruguay, 55, 59–60, 62–3, 77, 78n1–2
- Diffusion of Information on Latin America (DIAL), 151
- Dirty War, 200–201
- docetism, xi
- Dominicans, 150
- Dri, Rubén, 34, 40–41, 44, 45n1
- Dussel, Enrique, 6, 24, 122
- E
- ecclesial base communities. See Comunidades Eclesiales de Base / Comunidades Eclesiais de Base
- ecclesiology, 3, 11, 13, 24–5, 31, 35, 38, 44
- people of God, 13, 26, 28–9, 31–7, 39, 43–4, 58, 164
- ecofeminism, 17, 180, 183–9, 191, 193n1, 194n11, 194n13
- ecology, viii, 3, 5, 9–10, 17, 60, 76, 118, 122, 180, 184, 187–8, 191, 203–9, 210n9
- Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT), 12
- ecumenism, 6, 12, 18n9, 40, 93, 100
- Eisenman, Peter, 115
- Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), 92
- Ellacuría, Ignacio, xi–xiv, 12, 200
- Encuentro Feminista Latinoamericano y del Caribe (EFLAC), 171. See also feminism; gender; Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD)
- Engaged sociology, 83, 92–3, 97. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- environment, 3, 9–10, 18, 60, 118, 153, 193, 194n11, 201, 203–9, 209n1. See also ecology
- Episcopal Commission of Pastoral Ministry. See Comisión Episcopal de Pastoral (COEPAL)
- epistemology, 10, 12, 84–5, 97, 101–3, 115, 122, 185–7, 189
- Erskine, Ralph, 115, 121
- Escobar, Arturo, 118–19, 122
- Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad de Talca, 124–5
- ethnicity, 5–7, 9, 136, 202. See also indigeneity; Indigenous people
- Evangelii Gaudium, 3, 11
- evangelisation, 5–6, 11, 42, 58, 103
- exile, 6, 16, 120, 139, 145–8, 151, 153
- Exodus, 58
- F
- Fals Borda, Orlando, vii, 14, 83–112. See also devolución sistemática (systematic devolution), engaged sociology, La Rosca, moral subversion, School of Sociology, National University of Colombia
- analysis of la Violencia, 85–8, 101, 105n3
- and the Presbyterian Church, 14, 83, 85, 94–5, 103
- and revolutionary politics, 85, 88–90, 92, 94, 98, 101, 103
- false binaries, 9, 90
- Federación Uruguaya de Cooperativas de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (FUCVAM), 121
- feminism, 6V8, 16–17, 18n6, 102, 160–74, 180–94, 200, 205–6, 208. See also Althuas-Reid, Marcela; Gebara, Ivone; gender; LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
- France-Latin America Episcopal Committee (CEFAL), 151
- Franciscans, 56, 58, 61, 63, 70, 78
- Franco, Marielle, 199, 208. See also martyr / martyrdom
- Freire, Paulo, 57, 59, 61, 97, 113, 119, 121–3, 133, 143, 149
- Frente Brasileira de Informações, 146–8
- Frente Unido (Colombia), 91
- Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas (FAP), 36
- G
- García Elorrio, Juan, 27–8
- Gebara, Ivone, 6, 17, 180–88
- gender, 5, 6–9, 12, 16, 18, 18n6–7, 72, 136, 161, 171, 180–81, 185, 191–2, 203, 205, 208. See also Althuas-Reid, Marcela; feminism; Gebara, Ivone; LGBTQ+ communities and theology; sexuality; women’s theology
- General Council for the Apostolate of the Laity (CGAL), 143, 154n4
- Gera, Lucio, 30, 42. See also theology of the people
- God, xi–xii, xiv–xvi, 10, 13, 32, 58–60, 66, 93, 96, 181–2, 186–7, 204, 209, 210n16. See also people of God
- Goddess, 182–3, 185, 187, 189, 192, 193n8. See also gender; feminism
- Golconda, 11, 92, 106n11
- Gospel, xvi, 40, 61, 93. See also Christ; God; People of God
- Graeber, David, 65, 67–9
- Grande, Rutilio, xi, 138, 200. See also martyrs / martyrdom
- guerrilla, 14, 27, 38, 84, 86, 88, 91–2, 105n4, 146, 148
- Guevara, Ernesto ‘Che’, 57, 88, 119
- Gutiérrez, Gustavo, 1, 3, 5–6, 9–11, 93, 98, 101–2, 113, 137, 140, 164, 168, 173n14, 184, 186, 200
- I
- indigeneity, 5, 85, 117. See also colonialism / coloniality; decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory; ethnicity; Indigenous people
- Indigenous people, 5, 16, 94, 133, 140–2, 144, 147–8, 153, 164–5, 171, 188–9, 200, 202–3, 205–8, 210n15. See also colonialism / coloniality; decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory; ethnicity; indigeneity
- institutionalised violence, 4, 9, 93
- Integral Educational Model. See modelo educacional integral
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 136. See also human rights
- Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 9. See also human rights
- inter-class relations, 55, 74, 77
- international aid, 57, 133, 136, 149
- International Labour Organisation (ILO), 141–2, 145
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 132
- Irarrázaval, Diego, 5
- J
- Jentel, François, 141–4, 154n2, 154n3
- Jesuit martyrs (El Salvador), xi, 2, 12, 138, 200, 204
- Jesuits, ix, xi, 2, 56, 78n1, 123, 138, 161, 169, 204, 207
- Jesus. See Christ
- Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC), 16, 28, 140–45, 154n1
- Justice et Paix, 143
- Juventud Católica Femenina Mexicana (JCFM), 169
- Juventud Obrera Cristiana, see Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC)
- L
- La Rosca, 93–5, 97–103. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- la Violencia, 85–7, 101, 105n3. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- laity, 1, 26, 28, 30–32, 35, 134, 139, 143
- Latin American Bishops Conference. See Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM)
- Laudato Si, 3, 10. See also Francis, Pope
- LGBTQ+ communities and theologies, 6, 8, 200, 203, 205, 207–8
- López Trujillo, Alfonso, 25
- Löwy, Michael, 3, 24
- Lutheran Church, xiii, 74
- M
- Marturet, Raúl, 33, 45n9
- Marxism / Marxist, 1, 42, 44, 58, 60, 85, 88, 90, 92, 97–8, 101, 106n11, 114, 121, 133–5, 146, 165
- Mary Magdalene, 183
- martyrs / martyrdom, xi–xvii, 3, 5, 12, 18, 88, 199–210
- Mayol, Alejandro, 33–4
- Message of Third World Bishops (1967), 39
- Metz, Johann Baptist, xiv
- Mignolo, Walter, 118, 122
- military coup. See dictatorship
- Miranda, José Porfirio, 58–9
- Moctezuma, 118
- modelo educacional integral (MEI), 92
- modernity, 10, 115, 122, 173n10, 185
- Moral subversion, 83, 85, 88–9. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- Movimiento de Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo (MSTM), 5, 7, 11–13, 23–52. See also people of God
- celibacy, 23–5, 38, 41–3
- dispute with episcopal hierarchy, 25–38, 41, 43
- Peronism, 23–6, 36, 38–45
- socialism, 28, 39–40, 42, 44
- Mugica, Carlos, 26, 37
- Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD), 16–17, 159–78
- N
- National Conference of Brazilian Bishops. See Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB)
- National Population Council. See Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO)
- NATO, 131
- neoliberalism, 4–5, 9, 55, 136, 138, 149, 208
- New Christendom, 11, 35
- nuns. See women religious
- O
- Onganía, General Juan Carlos, 27, 43. See also dictatorship
- Organization of American States (OAS), 119, 132
- P
- Pacem in Terris, 8, 150. See also John XXIII
- Padre Cacho, 14, 54–6, 60–61, 63–5, 69–71, 74–5, 77–8
- Participatory Action Research (PAR), 14, 83–5, 101–4, 104n1. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- participatory design, 114–15, 118–23
- peasant movement (Colombia), 83–4, 94–6, 100–101, 104, 104n1. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- Pentecostalism, 12, 55, 95
- Peronism, 23–6, 36, 38–45
- Peronismo de Base, 36, 40, 44
- Peronist Armed Forces. See Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas (FAP)
- Petrella, Iván, 3–4, 12, 14–15
- Pinochet, General Augusto, 4. See also dictatorship
- pluralism, 17, 90
- Podestá, Jerónimo, 24, 35–6, 41
- Political theology, ix, 17, 179–81, 183–4, 189, 191–3
- Pope Francis, 2–3, 10, 18n6, 42, 75, 200, 208
- ‘throwaway society’, 75
- Pope John Paul II, 2, 11, 25
- Pope John XXIII, 8
- Pope Paul VI, 8, 31, 35, 37, 106n11, 166
- popular religiosity, 11
- Populorum Progressio, 8. See also Paul VI
- praxis, 2–3, 8, 12–15, 17–18, 24, 36, 40, 44, 55–6, 59, 62–5, 70, 83–4, 96–102, 104, 113, 121, 124, 153, 164, 189, 201–2, 207, 209
- preferential option for the poor, 12, 55, 58, 60, 62–3, 77, 113, 134, 185
- prophet / prophetic / prophetism, 1, 4–5, 9, 39, 60, 100, 106n8, 201, 205
- Protestantism, 6, 11–12, 40, 74–5, 85, 87, 93, 95–6, 100. See also Pentecostalism
- Ptolemy, 116
- Q
- queer theology. See LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
- Quijano, Aníbal, 118, 122
- R
- Ramondetti, Miguel, 39
- refugees, 147–8, 207
- repression, vii, xii, 2, 4–5, 29, 37, 59, 89, 134–5, 139, 141, 143–6, 148, 152–3, 201, 203–4
- Ress, Mary Judith, 180, 184, 188–9, 193n1, 193n7
- resurrection, xi, 186, 201, 209
- Rocha, Guido, 147–8, 154n5
- Romero, Oscar, xi–xii, xiv, 2–3, 56–7, 77, 138, 200, 204, 207, 210n8. See also Jesuit martyrs (El Salvador); martyrs / martyrdom
- canonisation, xii, 3, 200
- Rudofsky, Bernard, 114
- S
- Saint Francis of Assisi, 10
- Salesians, 53, 56, 58
- salvation, xv, 10, 12, 100, 164, 181, 183
- Sandinistas, 2, 143
- Schmitt, Carl, 179, 181, 191
- School of Sociology, National University of Colombia, 85, 93. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
- Second Vatican Council, xiii, xvi, 26–9, 31, 58, 62, 93, 134, 151, 186
- Lumen Gentium, 13, 35
- Presbyterorum Ordinis, 31
- security policy (El Salvador), xii
- see-judge-act, xiv, 92, 97, 204
- Segundo, Juan Luis, 25, 78n1, 113, 137, 140
- sex / sexuality, vii, 6–8, 161, 163–6, 170, 187, 208. See also abortion; gender; LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
- Shaull, Richard, 85, 94–5, 103
- signs of the times, xiii, 200
- sin, xi, xiii, 9, 12, 55, 59, 63, 65, 69, 71, 78, 135, 183, 204–5
- Smith, Christian, 4–5, 24
- Sobrino, Jon, xi, xv, 58, 200, 204
- socialism, xv, 4, 13, 28, 34, 39–40, 42, 44, 85, 89–90, 105n6, 145, 147, 149, 163. See also Allende, Salvador; Cuban Revolution
- socialist bloc, 2
- Stang, Dorothy, 199, 201, 204
- structural sin, xiii, 9, 12, 55, 59, 63, 65, 69, 71, 135, 204–5, 207
- Suenens, Cardinal León-Joseph, 140–41
- T
- Tafuri, Manfredo, 114
- Talpe, Jan, 141, 146
- Tello, Rafael, 42, 44. See also theology of the people
- Tenochtitlan, 118
- Theology in the Americas’ conference (1975), 6, 161
- theology of the people, 25, 42–4, 45n4. See also Gera, Lucio; Tello, Rafael
- Tierra Nueva (Argentina), 33
- Tombs, David, 5, 17
- Torres, Camilo, 14, 57, 83–5, 88–93, 106n10, 140
- Tortolo, Archbishop Adolfo, 33–4, 37
- Turner, John F. C., 114, 119–20
- U
- ubi, xi
- UN Economic and Social Council, 142
- United Nations, 120, 131
- United Nations Conference on Women 1975, 162–3
- United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America. See Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 131, 134, 137, 142, 150. See also human rights
- Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 113, 123–4
- Universidad Centramericana José Simeón Cañas (UCA), xi, 2, 204
- urbanism. See architecture, 113
- Uruguayan Federation of Housing Cooperatives for Mutual Aid. See Federación Uruguaya de Cooperativas de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (FUCVAM)
- utopia, viii, xv, 9, 14, 88, 90–91, 105n5, 105n7
- W
- Wages for Housework (collective), 165
- Weil, Simone, xiv
- women religious, 6–7, 14, 18n3, 31, 33, 54, 56–8, 61, 63, 65, 70, 73, 75, 78, 92, 163–4, 204
- women’s theology, 3, 180, 184. See also Althaus-Reid, Marcella; Bidegaín, Ana María; feminism; Gebara, Ivone; gender; Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD); Ress, Mary Judith; sex / sexuality
- World Bank, 120, 122, 132
- World Council of Churches, 6, 94, 148. See also ecumenism
- Y
- Young Christian Workers. See Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC)
- Young Mexican Women Catholics. See Juventud Católica Femenina Mexicana (JCFM)