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Liberation Theology and Praxis in Contemporary Latin America: Index

Liberation Theology and Praxis in Contemporary Latin America
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table of contents
  1. Title Page
  2. Copyright
  3. Contents
  4. Notes on contributors
  5. Foreword: Theology in the footsteps of the martyrs
    1. The legacy of the martyrs commits us
    2. The risk of squandering this legacy
    3. The method of doing theology in the footsteps of the martyrs
    4. To conclude
    5. Notes
    6. References
  6. Acknowledgements
  7. Introduction: As it was in the beginning?
    1. Notes
    2. References
  8. 1. Conflict and ecclesiology: Obedience, institutionality and people of God in the Movement of Priests for the Third World
    1. Conflict and privilege
    2. Verticality and horizontality
    3. Containment and transgression
    4. Fragmentation
    5. Conclusion
    6. Notes
    7. References
  9. 2. Legacies of the ‘bridge man’: Catholic accompaniment, inter-class relations and the classification of surplus in Montevideo
    1. Those who come bearing gifts
    2. Roots of Catholic confluence in the Cruz
    3. Acompañamiento amid structural sin: between reciprocity and unconditional charity
    4. Bridges, networks and the (in)dignity of waste
    5. Conclusion
    6. Notes
    7. References
  10. 3. Orlando Fals Borda’s participatory action research: At and beyond the crossroads of Camilo Torres’s neo-socialism and liberation theology
    1. From critique of violence to rebellious social science
    2. Camilo Torres’s pluralism and the liberation social science tradition
    3. Engaged research and the theological question of social ethics
    4. In search of a methodological approach to Praxis
    5. PAR and liberation theology: epistemological differences and common challenges
    6. Notes
    7. References
  11. 4. The impact of liberation theology in the Latin American built environment
    1. Participatory processes rising in the 1960s
    2. Abstraction as a tool for privilege
    3. Participatory processes in Latin American architecture
    4. Liberation theology and Paulo Freire as antidotes to abstraction
    5. Colectivos and the heritage of liberation theology
    6. Notes
    7. References
  12. 5. When liberation theology met human rights
    1. Introduction
    2. Brazil’s liberation theology and transnational human rights
    3. Developing the rights of the poor
    4. Friends and networks of the liberationist mission
    5. The incidental exile of liberation theology
    6. Dom Hélder Câmara’s European tour
    7. Conclusion
    8. Notes
    9. References
  13. 6. ‘Women, the key to liberation?’: A feminist theology of liberation at the Catholic women’s conference at Puebla
    1. Introduction
    2. Literature review
    3. Background
    4. The Latin American woman as subject
    5. Population politics, the pill and the future of liberation
    6. Conclusion
    7. Notes
    8. References
  14. 7. Towards the possibility of an ecofeminist political theology: The case of the Con-spirando collective
    1. Women’s bodies and Radical Evil
    2. Ecofeminist answers to a post-secular world
    3. The case of the Con-spirando collective: an ecofeminist alternative in a post-secular world
    4. Final reflections
    5. Notes
    6. References
  15. Afterword. Contemporary witnesses to life and liberation: The persistent and evolving reality of Latin American martyrdom
    1. Latin American martyrdom: as it was in the beginning?
    2. The persistence of Latin American martyrdom: from origins to contemporary reality
    3. The theological challenge of contemporary martyrdom
    4. Creative synchronicity with the ‘living martyrs’ of today
    5. Notes
    6. References
  16. Index

Index

  • A
  • abortion, 3, 16–17, 160, 162–3, 170, 172, 174n27–8, 180. See also birth control pill; Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir
  • abstraction, 14–15, 114–18, 120–24
  • Ação Popular, 146
  • acompañamiento / accompaniment, 13–14, 54–5, 57–8, 60, 62–72, 74–78
  • Afro-descendent communities, 6, 188, 202–3, 205–8
  • Agamben, Giorgio, 179–81
  • Aguilar, Mario I., 5, 17, 55, 59, 77, 78n1
  • Aldunate, José, 136, 138
  • alienation
  • and ecclesial hierarchies, 11, 14, 25, 31, 33–34, 37
  • and architecture, 114, 120–21
  • religion as, 91
  • All Africa Council of Churches (AACC), 148
  • Allende, Salvador, 4
  • Alliance for Progress, 85, 119–20, 133
  • Althaus-Reid, Marcella, 6–8, 18n8, 209n2
  • Alvez, Rubem, 95–6
  • Amazon Synod, 3. See also ecology
  • Angelelli, Enrique, 3. See also martyrs / martyrdom
  • anthropocentrism, 10, 17, 180, 185, 190–92
  • Antoine, Charles, 141, 151
  • Antoncich, Ricardo, 59, 62
  • apostolic obedience, 13, 28–31, 34, 37, 43, 182
  • Aramburu, Juan Carlos, 29, 37
  • architecture, 15, 114, 116, 121, 123
  • architecture without architects, 114
  • Arquitetura Nova, 120–21
  • Assmann, Hugo, 137
  • Autogobierno, 121
  • B
  • Battista Alberti, Leon, 116, 121
  • Benítez, Hernán, 30
  • Benjamin, Walter, 88, 105n5, 179, 193n2
  • Bertrand Russell Tribunal, 143, 145. See also dictatorship, repression
  • Bidegaín, Ana María, 7
  • birth control pill, vii, 16, 160, 166–8, 170, 172, 173n19, 174n28. See also abortion
  • Black theology, 6, 102, 160–61, 200, 205, 208. See also ethnicity
  • Boff, Clodovis, 140
  • Boff, Leonardo, 2–3, 6, 9–11, 13, 24, 44, 113, 184, 205, 210n14
  • bogotazo, 84
  • Bolatti, Archbishop Guillermo, 28, 31
  • Bonavía, Pablo, 58–9, 61, 63–4, 66–8
  • Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, xi–xiii
  • Bonino, José Míguez, 18n8, 137
  • Brazilian Information Front. See Frente Brasileira de Informações
  • Brunelleschi, Filippo, 116
  • Bukele, Nayib (Salvadoran president), xii
  • C
  • Cáceres, Berta, 199, 206–7. See also martyrs / martyrdom
  • Caggiano, Antonio, 27–8, 33
  • Câmara, Dom Hélder, 16, 139, 141, 148–51
  • Cañales, 53–4, 56, 58, 60, 62, 68–70
  • capitalism, 3–4, 39, 55, 58, 114, 132, 150, 185, 204, 206–8
  • Carbone, Alberto, 40–42, 45n16–17
  • Cardenal, Ernesto, 2–3, 10
  • Cardonnell, Jean, 141, 143
  • Carter, Jimmy, 8–9, 137
  • cartoneros, 75
  • Casalis, George, 141, 143
  • Catholic Church, 1–2, 4, 11–12, 14, 16, 18n1, 55, 58, 61, 63, 77, 106n11, 114, 123, 143, 148, 153, 185–6
  • in Argentina, 5, 13, 24–45
  • and conservativism, 90, 133–4
  • and women, 159–64, 166, 173n4, 173n7
  • and martyrdom, 200, 203–5
  • Catholic humanism, 85
  • Catholic social teaching, 14, 56, 59, 62
  • Catholic University of Louvain, 93, 140, 144, 146, 181
  • Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir, 3, 172. See also abortion
  • Catholics for Choice. See Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir
  • celibacy, 13, 23–5, 38, 41–3
  • Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social (CENCOS), 163
  • charism, 56, 58
  • charity, 14, 31, 34, 55, 58–9, 63, 65–6, 71, 74, 78, 90, 136, 150
  • Chipana, Sofía, 188–9
  • Christ, xi–xiv, xvi, 10, 16, 31–2, 56–9, 65–6, 75, 147, 183, 210n8
  • historical Jesus, xvi, 100, 186, 202, 205, 207
  • Christian Movement for Peace (MCP), 143
  • Christian Worker Movement (MOC), 143
  • CIA, 131, 133
  • Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), 206, 210n13
  • civil war (El Salvador), xi–xii
  • clasificadores, 54, 63, 72, 74–6, 78n3
  • clericalism, 10–12
  • climate crisis, 8, 191. See also ecology, environment
  • Coalición de Mujeres Feministas, 170. See also feminism
  • Coalition of Women Feminists. See Coalición de Mujeres Feministas
  • Cold War, the, vii–viii, 3–4, 119, 133
  • colonialism / coloniality, 5–6, 8, 10, 15–16, 93, 115, 122, 149, 206, 208
  • Comisión Económica para América Latina / Economic Commission for Latin America (CEPAL), 119, 122, 132
  • Comisión Episcopal de Pastoral (COEPAL), 42, 45n18
  • Comité de Solidarité France-Brésil, 143
  • Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Araguaia (CODEARA), 142
  • Comunicación, Intercambio y Desarrollo Humano en América Latina (CIDHAL), 162, 170, 172
  • Comunidades Eclesiales de Base / Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, 4, 11, 24, 31, 57–8, 93, 97, 99, 101, 113, 123, 133, 201, 207
  • Concatti, Rolando, 39–40
  • Conferencia Episcopal Argentina (CEA), 27
  • Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), 141, 151
  • conquistadores / conquistadors, 116, 202
  • conscientizaçao / conscientisation / concientización, 149, 171
  • Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM)
  • second meeting in Medellín, 1, 25–6, 29, 35, 58–9, 62, 93, 133
  • third meeting in Puebla, 1–2, 7–8, 11, 16, 25, 42, 58, 159–63, 171, 173n6
  • Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO), 167, 170
  • Con-spirando, 180, 188–92
  • Cooperativa de Vivienda de Familias Unidas (COVIFU), 13, 53–78
  • cordobazo, 28, 38
  • corpus mysticum / mystical body of Christ, 11, 35
  • Cortés, Hernán, 118
  • cosmopraxis, 189
  • Cristianismo y Revolución, 27, 33, 43
  • Cristianos por el Socialismo, 4
  • Cross, Nigel, 115
  • crucified people, xii–xiv, 200, 206–7
  • crucifixion, xi, xiii, 10, 147
  • Cuban Revolution, 4, 91, 119
  • curas villeros (Argentina), 42–3
  • D
  • death, xii–xiii, xv, 122, 201, 204, 207–9
  • powers of, xvi, 181
  • decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory, vii–viii, 6, 14, 93, 117–18, 122, 205–7, 210n11. See also colonialism / coloniality
  • dependency, 4, 9, 16, 59, 70, 119, 132, 139, 146, 168. See also colonialism / coloniality
  • Descartes, Rene, 118, 122
  • design, 15, 114–16, 118, 121, 124–5
  • Development Company of Araguaia. See Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Araguaia (CODEARA)
  • devolución sistemática (systematic devolution), 99, 104. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • De Carlo, Giancarlo, 114
  • Dictatorship. See also Pinochet, General Augusto; Onganía, General Juan Carlos
  • in Argentina, 5, 13, 18n1, 27–8, 38, 42–3
  • in Brazil, 4, 16, 131, 134, 138–40, 144, 148, 152
  • in Chile, 4
  • in Uruguay, 55, 59–60, 62–3, 77, 78n1–2
  • Diffusion of Information on Latin America (DIAL), 151
  • Dirty War, 200–201
  • docetism, xi
  • Dominicans, 150
  • Dri, Rubén, 34, 40–41, 44, 45n1
  • Dussel, Enrique, 6, 24, 122
  • E
  • ecclesial base communities. See Comunidades Eclesiales de Base / Comunidades Eclesiais de Base
  • ecclesiology, 3, 11, 13, 24–5, 31, 35, 38, 44
  • people of God, 13, 26, 28–9, 31–7, 39, 43–4, 58, 164
  • ecofeminism, 17, 180, 183–9, 191, 193n1, 194n11, 194n13
  • ecology, viii, 3, 5, 9–10, 17, 60, 76, 118, 122, 180, 184, 187–8, 191, 203–9, 210n9
  • Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians (EATWOT), 12
  • ecumenism, 6, 12, 18n9, 40, 93, 100
  • Eisenman, Peter, 115
  • Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), 92
  • Ellacuría, Ignacio, xi–xiv, 12, 200
  • Encuentro Feminista Latinoamericano y del Caribe (EFLAC), 171. See also feminism; gender; Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD)
  • Engaged sociology, 83, 92–3, 97. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • environment, 3, 9–10, 18, 60, 118, 153, 193, 194n11, 201, 203–9, 209n1. See also ecology
  • Episcopal Commission of Pastoral Ministry. See Comisión Episcopal de Pastoral (COEPAL)
  • epistemology, 10, 12, 84–5, 97, 101–3, 115, 122, 185–7, 189
  • Erskine, Ralph, 115, 121
  • Escobar, Arturo, 118–19, 122
  • Escuela de Arquitectura, Universidad de Talca, 124–5
  • ethnicity, 5–7, 9, 136, 202. See also indigeneity; Indigenous people
  • Evangelii Gaudium, 3, 11
  • evangelisation, 5–6, 11, 42, 58, 103
  • exile, 6, 16, 120, 139, 145–8, 151, 153
  • Exodus, 58
  • F
  • Fals Borda, Orlando, vii, 14, 83–112. See also devolución sistemática (systematic devolution), engaged sociology, La Rosca, moral subversion, School of Sociology, National University of Colombia
  • analysis of la Violencia, 85–8, 101, 105n3
  • and the Presbyterian Church, 14, 83, 85, 94–5, 103
  • and revolutionary politics, 85, 88–90, 92, 94, 98, 101, 103
  • false binaries, 9, 90
  • Federación Uruguaya de Cooperativas de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (FUCVAM), 121
  • feminism, 6V8, 16–17, 18n6, 102, 160–74, 180–94, 200, 205–6, 208. See also Althuas-Reid, Marcela; Gebara, Ivone; gender; LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
  • France-Latin America Episcopal Committee (CEFAL), 151
  • Franciscans, 56, 58, 61, 63, 70, 78
  • Franco, Marielle, 199, 208. See also martyr / martyrdom
  • Freire, Paulo, 57, 59, 61, 97, 113, 119, 121–3, 133, 143, 149
  • Frente Brasileira de Informações, 146–8
  • Frente Unido (Colombia), 91
  • Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas (FAP), 36
  • G
  • García Elorrio, Juan, 27–8
  • Gebara, Ivone, 6, 17, 180–88
  • gender, 5, 6–9, 12, 16, 18, 18n6–7, 72, 136, 161, 171, 180–81, 185, 191–2, 203, 205, 208. See also Althuas-Reid, Marcela; feminism; Gebara, Ivone; LGBTQ+ communities and theology; sexuality; women’s theology
  • General Council for the Apostolate of the Laity (CGAL), 143, 154n4
  • Gera, Lucio, 30, 42. See also theology of the people
  • God, xi–xii, xiv–xvi, 10, 13, 32, 58–60, 66, 93, 96, 181–2, 186–7, 204, 209, 210n16. See also people of God
  • Goddess, 182–3, 185, 187, 189, 192, 193n8. See also gender; feminism
  • Golconda, 11, 92, 106n11
  • Gospel, xvi, 40, 61, 93. See also Christ; God; People of God
  • Graeber, David, 65, 67–9
  • Grande, Rutilio, xi, 138, 200. See also martyrs / martyrdom
  • guerrilla, 14, 27, 38, 84, 86, 88, 91–2, 105n4, 146, 148
  • Guevara, Ernesto ‘Che’, 57, 88, 119
  • Gutiérrez, Gustavo, 1, 3, 5–6, 9–11, 93, 98, 101–2, 113, 137, 140, 164, 168, 173n14, 184, 186, 200
  • H
  • hermeneutics, xiii, 15, 59, 103
  • human rights, 3, 5, 15–16, 18n9, 78n2, 131–2, 134–53, 201, 203, 205, 207
  • liberationist conception of, 8–9, 12, 18n9, 131, 134–53
  • violations of, 3, 9, 18, 37, 201, 203–5, 208, 209n1
  • Humane Vitae, 166, 169
  • I
  • indigeneity, 5, 85, 117. See also colonialism / coloniality; decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory; ethnicity; Indigenous people
  • Indigenous people, 5, 16, 94, 133, 140–2, 144, 147–8, 153, 164–5, 171, 188–9, 200, 202–3, 205–8, 210n15. See also colonialism / coloniality; decolonisation / decoloniality / decolonial theory; ethnicity; indigeneity
  • institutionalised violence, 4, 9, 93
  • Integral Educational Model. See modelo educacional integral
  • Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 136. See also human rights
  • Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 9. See also human rights
  • inter-class relations, 55, 74, 77
  • international aid, 57, 133, 136, 149
  • International Labour Organisation (ILO), 141–2, 145
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF), 132
  • Irarrázaval, Diego, 5
  • J
  • Jentel, François, 141–4, 154n2, 154n3
  • Jesuit martyrs (El Salvador), xi, 2, 12, 138, 200, 204
  • Jesuits, ix, xi, 2, 56, 78n1, 123, 138, 161, 169, 204, 207
  • Jesus. See Christ
  • Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC), 16, 28, 140–45, 154n1
  • Justice et Paix, 143
  • Juventud Católica Femenina Mexicana (JCFM), 169
  • Juventud Obrera Cristiana, see Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC)
  • L
  • La Rosca, 93–5, 97–103. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • la Violencia, 85–7, 101, 105n3. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • laity, 1, 26, 28, 30–32, 35, 134, 139, 143
  • Latin American Bishops Conference. See Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM)
  • Laudato Si, 3, 10. See also Francis, Pope
  • LGBTQ+ communities and theologies, 6, 8, 200, 203, 205, 207–8
  • López Trujillo, Alfonso, 25
  • Löwy, Michael, 3, 24
  • Lutheran Church, xiii, 74
  • M
  • Marturet, Raúl, 33, 45n9
  • Marxism / Marxist, 1, 42, 44, 58, 60, 85, 88, 90, 92, 97–8, 101, 106n11, 114, 121, 133–5, 146, 165
  • Mary Magdalene, 183
  • martyrs / martyrdom, xi–xvii, 3, 5, 12, 18, 88, 199–210
  • Mayol, Alejandro, 33–4
  • Message of Third World Bishops (1967), 39
  • Metz, Johann Baptist, xiv
  • Mignolo, Walter, 118, 122
  • military coup. See dictatorship
  • Miranda, José Porfirio, 58–9
  • Moctezuma, 118
  • modelo educacional integral (MEI), 92
  • modernity, 10, 115, 122, 173n10, 185
  • Moral subversion, 83, 85, 88–9. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • Movimiento de Sacerdotes para el Tercer Mundo (MSTM), 5, 7, 11–13, 23–52. See also people of God
  • celibacy, 23–5, 38, 41–3
  • dispute with episcopal hierarchy, 25–38, 41, 43
  • Peronism, 23–6, 36, 38–45
  • socialism, 28, 39–40, 42, 44
  • Mugica, Carlos, 26, 37
  • Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD), 16–17, 159–78
  • N
  • National Conference of Brazilian Bishops. See Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB)
  • National Population Council. See Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO)
  • NATO, 131
  • neoliberalism, 4–5, 9, 55, 136, 138, 149, 208
  • New Christendom, 11, 35
  • nuns. See women religious
  • O
  • Onganía, General Juan Carlos, 27, 43. See also dictatorship
  • Organization of American States (OAS), 119, 132
  • P
  • Pacem in Terris, 8, 150. See also John XXIII
  • Padre Cacho, 14, 54–6, 60–61, 63–5, 69–71, 74–5, 77–8
  • Participatory Action Research (PAR), 14, 83–5, 101–4, 104n1. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • participatory design, 114–15, 118–23
  • peasant movement (Colombia), 83–4, 94–6, 100–101, 104, 104n1. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • Pentecostalism, 12, 55, 95
  • Peronism, 23–6, 36, 38–45
  • Peronismo de Base, 36, 40, 44
  • Peronist Armed Forces. See Fuerzas Armadas Peronistas (FAP)
  • Petrella, Iván, 3–4, 12, 14–15
  • Pinochet, General Augusto, 4. See also dictatorship
  • pluralism, 17, 90
  • Podestá, Jerónimo, 24, 35–6, 41
  • Political theology, ix, 17, 179–81, 183–4, 189, 191–3
  • Pope Francis, 2–3, 10, 18n6, 42, 75, 200, 208
  • ‘throwaway society’, 75
  • Pope John Paul II, 2, 11, 25
  • Pope John XXIII, 8
  • Pope Paul VI, 8, 31, 35, 37, 106n11, 166
  • popular religiosity, 11
  • Populorum Progressio, 8. See also Paul VI
  • praxis, 2–3, 8, 12–15, 17–18, 24, 36, 40, 44, 55–6, 59, 62–5, 70, 83–4, 96–102, 104, 113, 121, 124, 153, 164, 189, 201–2, 207, 209
  • preferential option for the poor, 12, 55, 58, 60, 62–3, 77, 113, 134, 185
  • prophet / prophetic / prophetism, 1, 4–5, 9, 39, 60, 100, 106n8, 201, 205
  • Protestantism, 6, 11–12, 40, 74–5, 85, 87, 93, 95–6, 100. See also Pentecostalism
  • Ptolemy, 116
  • Q
  • queer theology. See LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
  • Quijano, Aníbal, 118, 122
  • R
  • Ramondetti, Miguel, 39
  • refugees, 147–8, 207
  • repression, vii, xii, 2, 4–5, 29, 37, 59, 89, 134–5, 139, 141, 143–6, 148, 152–3, 201, 203–4
  • Ress, Mary Judith, 180, 184, 188–9, 193n1, 193n7
  • resurrection, xi, 186, 201, 209
  • Rocha, Guido, 147–8, 154n5
  • Romero, Oscar, xi–xii, xiv, 2–3, 56–7, 77, 138, 200, 204, 207, 210n8. See also Jesuit martyrs (El Salvador); martyrs / martyrdom
  • canonisation, xii, 3, 200
  • Rudofsky, Bernard, 114
  • S
  • Saint Francis of Assisi, 10
  • Salesians, 53, 56, 58
  • salvation, xv, 10, 12, 100, 164, 181, 183
  • Sandinistas, 2, 143
  • Schmitt, Carl, 179, 181, 191
  • School of Sociology, National University of Colombia, 85, 93. See also Fals Borda, Orlando
  • Second Vatican Council, xiii, xvi, 26–9, 31, 58, 62, 93, 134, 151, 186
  • Lumen Gentium, 13, 35
  • Presbyterorum Ordinis, 31
  • security policy (El Salvador), xii
  • see-judge-act, xiv, 92, 97, 204
  • Segundo, Juan Luis, 25, 78n1, 113, 137, 140
  • sex / sexuality, vii, 6–8, 161, 163–6, 170, 187, 208. See also abortion; gender; LGBTQ+ communities and theologies
  • Shaull, Richard, 85, 94–5, 103
  • signs of the times, xiii, 200
  • sin, xi, xiii, 9, 12, 55, 59, 63, 65, 69, 71, 78, 135, 183, 204–5
  • Smith, Christian, 4–5, 24
  • Sobrino, Jon, xi, xv, 58, 200, 204
  • socialism, xv, 4, 13, 28, 34, 39–40, 42, 44, 85, 89–90, 105n6, 145, 147, 149, 163. See also Allende, Salvador; Cuban Revolution
  • socialist bloc, 2
  • Stang, Dorothy, 199, 201, 204
  • structural sin, xiii, 9, 12, 55, 59, 63, 65, 69, 71, 135, 204–5, 207
  • Suenens, Cardinal León-Joseph, 140–41
  • T
  • Tafuri, Manfredo, 114
  • Talpe, Jan, 141, 146
  • Tello, Rafael, 42, 44. See also theology of the people
  • Tenochtitlan, 118
  • Theology in the Americas’ conference (1975), 6, 161
  • theology of the people, 25, 42–4, 45n4. See also Gera, Lucio; Tello, Rafael
  • Tierra Nueva (Argentina), 33
  • Tombs, David, 5, 17
  • Torres, Camilo, 14, 57, 83–5, 88–93, 106n10, 140
  • Tortolo, Archbishop Adolfo, 33–4, 37
  • Turner, John F. C., 114, 119–20
  • U
  • ubi, xi
  • UN Economic and Social Council, 142
  • United Nations, 120, 131
  • United Nations Conference on Women 1975, 162–3
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America. See Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL)
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 131, 134, 137, 142, 150. See also human rights
  • Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 113, 123–4
  • Universidad Centramericana José Simeón Cañas (UCA), xi, 2, 204
  • urbanism. See architecture, 113
  • Uruguayan Federation of Housing Cooperatives for Mutual Aid. See Federación Uruguaya de Cooperativas de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (FUCVAM)
  • utopia, viii, xv, 9, 14, 88, 90–91, 105n5, 105n7
  • V
  • Vatican, 2, 35, 43, 161, 181
  • Vicaría de la Solidaridad, 4
  • Vicariate of Solidarity. See Vicaría de la Solidaridad
  • victims, xi–xv, 4, 13, 138–9, 143, 145, 148–9, 168, 205. See also Jesuit martyrs (El Salvador); martyrs / martyrdom; repression
  • Virgin Mary, 27, 53, 182–3, 193n9
  • W
  • Wages for Housework (collective), 165
  • Weil, Simone, xiv
  • women religious, 6–7, 14, 18n3, 31, 33, 54, 56–8, 61, 63, 65, 70, 73, 75, 78, 92, 163–4, 204
  • women’s theology, 3, 180, 184. See also Althaus-Reid, Marcella; Bidegaín, Ana María; feminism; Gebara, Ivone; gender; Mujeres para el Diálogo (MPD); Ress, Mary Judith; sex / sexuality
  • World Bank, 120, 122, 132
  • World Council of Churches, 6, 94, 148. See also ecumenism
  • Y
  • Young Christian Workers. See Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (JOC)
  • Young Mexican Women Catholics. See Juventud Católica Femenina Mexicana (JCFM)
  • Z
  • Zapatistas, 210n15
  • Zazpe, Archbishop Vicente, 37

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