Index
Page references in italic refer to the illustrations.
Abbots Bromley, Staffs., 6, 14, 18, 101
clothes and clothing, 62, 65, 66, 75
population, 6
Abell, Thomas, Brede, Sussex, 148, 155, 159–60
Acts of parliament, see statutes
Adams, Henry, vagrancy contractor, 84, 92, 94
advertising and advertisements
advertisement for an assistant overseer of Greystoke, 1835, 149
advertisement for a master and mistress of St Mary’s Workhouse, Carlisle, 1785, 149
for assistant overseers, 139, 150, 151
for groceries, 113
for London Genuine Tea Company, 120–1
accommodation, alternatives to workhouse, 177–82, 193
Aldridge, Staffs., 155, 156, 158–9
Allen, Thomas, contractor of the poor, 13
Annals of Agriculture, 172
apprenticeship (pauper), 54, 75, 90
archival absences, 17,26, 198, 210
Arnett, Charles, 146, 147, 155, 161
Ashdowne, John, 146
advertisements for, 139, 150, 151
Advertisement for an assistant overseer of Greystoke, 1835, 149
applications for position of, 139, 144, 150, 151
character references and testimonials, 152, 153, 154
other occupations, 17, 18, 145
parishes making use of, 142,
status of applicants, 143,
targets of violence, 147, 148, 150
badging the poor, 55
Beard, John, assistant overseer, Whittington, Staffs., 155
Becher, Rev., J. T., 177
Bedfordshire, 46
Bethlem Hospital, London, 78, 80–1
Bevill, Soloman, assistant overseer, Hastings St Clements, Sussex, 155
biographies, 197
research and writing, 202, 204
Birch, Thomas, 97
Bird, Isaac, grocer, Brampton, 118, 122, 123, 130
Bird, James, 146
Bird, Major Nicholas, assistant overseer applicant, 153
Blake, Matthew, Staffordshire Record Office, 202
Blakemore, James, vagrant, 101
Brampton, Cumb.,
businessmen, 111, 112, 118, 122–3
businesswomen, 111, 112, 114, 117–22, 130
economy, 110
foodstuffs, 122
legal expenses, 91
occupations, 112
overseers’ vouchers, 112, 113, 123
pensions, 13
pauper clothing, 76
poor rate, 111
poor relief, 76
provision of textiles, 61, 62, 67
size of parish, 13
workhouse, 13
workhouse diet, 122
Brazier, Thomas, 32
Bromwich, Thomas, vagrant, 101
Brown, George (b.1812), butcher, Lichfield, Staffs., 126–7
Brown, Grace (1780–1876), butcher, Lichfield, Staffs., 123, 126, 129
Brown, John Samuel (b.1815), butcher, Lichfield, Staffs., 126–7
Brown, John (1790–1833), butcher, Lichfield, Staffs., 126
Brown, John, Sedgefield, assistant overseer applicant, 154
Brown, Richard, assistant overseer, Hayton near Brampton, Cumb., 155
Buckley, Mary, 97
Burgess, Joseph, 40
Burn, Richard, 141
Burn, Thomas, assistant overseer, Greystoke, Cumb., 155
butchers, 112, 116, 118, 126, 127, 156. See also Grace Brown, Ann Hill
Butterton, Staffs., 104
Butterton-in-the-Moors, Staffs., 92, 103–4
Buttery, William, assistant overseer, Wigton, Cumb., 155, 162
Cairns, John or George, pauper, 165
Campton and Shefford, Bedfordshire, 46
Carlisle, Cumb.
advertisement for a Master and Mistress of St Mary’s Workhouse, 1785, 149
grocers and tea dealers, 120, 121
parish of St Mary, 143
population, 12
cash, circulation, 2, 5, 48–9, 53
charity, as part of poor relief, 8, 37, 57, 80, 178, 191
children
apprenticeship, 75
boarding out, 13
clothing, 65, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77
illegitimate, 2, 27, 31, 33, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49
in receipt of relief, 12, 14, 18, 39, 111
widows and, 87, 88, 103, 104, 120, 131
work, 172
Churchwardens’ and Overseers’ Guide and Director (1824), 146
Clerkenwell, Middlesex, 94
Clinch, Stephen, 35
clothing
aprons, 60, 62, 65, 69, 73, 81, 87
children’s, 65, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77
cloth, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 218, 219,
detail of a bill for material supplied by Joshua Harrison, 1776, 63
haberdashery, 68
making, 66, 70, 72, 73, 75, 79
Margaret Fenton’s bill for making gowns, frocks and stays, 26 April [1823], 71
shirts, 60, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 219
stays, 73
women’s, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 81, 87, 219
Cobbett, William, 148
Cockermouth, Cumb., population, 12
Coles, John, stationer, 21
contractors of the poor, 14, 18, 141
See also farming the poor
Cooke, Jonathan, assistant overseer applicant, 153
Cooper, Elizabeth, 97
Corporations of the Poor, 3
Cormick, Patrick, assistant overseer, Aldridge, Staffs., 155, 158–9
correspondence, 144, 150, 151–4, 217, 219
See also pauper letters
Courthope, George, J.P., 25, 32, 37
Cowfold, Sussex, 150
crowdsourcing, 199–200, 202–3, 212–14
Crozier, Timothy, Dalston, Cumb., 70
Cumberland Pacquet and Ware’s Whitehaven Advertiser, 121
Cumberland,
contracting of the poor, 18, 141
economy, 12
income from charitable bequests, 9
industry, 12
legal fees, 91
percentage of assistant overseers, 141
pensions, 19
poor rate, 7, 8. See also individual parishes
population, 85
removal expenditure, 91
See also individual parishes
Cumbria Archive Service, 209, 212
Cumwhitton, Cumb., 85
Dalston, Cumb.,
assistant overseers, 137, 156, 160, 164–5
provision of textiles, 65, 70, 71, 73
Dann, Elizabeth, 45
Dann, John, 45
Darlaston, Staffs.,
Fletcher, Elizabeth, pauper, 94
numbers in receipt of outdoor relief, 14
non-resident relief, 85
overseer, 101
payment to Abel Rooker for half a year’s contract for Darlaston Workhouse, Staffordshire, 1822, 193
vagrants, 94
workhouse, 14
Darling, John, 46
data
consistency, 205
dataset, 197
download, 207
editing, 206
format, 215
GDPR, 208
poverty, 208
structured, 205
Davidson, Jane (1748–1827), grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 121–3
Dawes, Elizabeth (1768–1852) grocer and tea dealer, Lichfield, Staffs., 107
Day, Ann, 36
Day, Elizabeth, 36–38, 41–2, 45, 47
Day, Thomas, 36
deserving poor, 9, 91, 143, 148
Devon, 98
Dickinson, Daniel, grocer, Workington, Cumb., 113
digital,
inclusion, 208
technologies, 202
turn, 209
disability
use of arm, 33
blind and maimed musicians, 87
soldiers, 86
drink
gin, 124
tea, 113, 121, 122, 123, 125, 128
wine, 50
Dunglinson, Daniel, workhouse master, Kendal, Westm., 78
Durrant, Ann, East Hoathly, Sussex, 25–6, 31–4, 36, 39, 42
Durrant, John, East Hoathly, Sussex, 25, 32
Durrant, Joseph, East Hoathly, Sussex, 43
Durrant, Robert, East Hoathly, Sussex, 36–7, 42
Durrant, Robert Argles, assistant overseer, Ringmer, Sussex, 155, 157–8
East Hoathly
assistant overseer, 156
children in receipt of relief, 12, 37–9
economy, 11
expenditure on poor relief, 6, 39, 41, 51
management of unmarried motherhood, 49
maintenance payments, 37–8, 42, 45
medical attendance, 50
numbers in receipt of relief, 12
number of houses, 11
overseer of the poor, 32,
overseers’ vouchers, 30, 50–1, 78, 81
poor relief, 12
rector, 35
settlement in, 32, 36–7, 42, 44, 80
sick poor, 192
travellers, 83
economy
management, 46
Eden, Frederick Morton, 12, 18
Edge, John, 46
Edwards, Richard, Winchelsea, Sussex, 147
Elliott, John, assistant overseer applicant, 152, 153
Eldridge, Susannah, 45
enabling legislation, 4, 9, 16
Essex, 97
Evenden, Mary, 44
family history, 198–9, 200–3, 214, 220
farming the poor, 3, 12, 15, 18. See also contractors of the poor
fathers of illegitimate children, 25, 27–8, 30–3, 36–9, 44–9, 90
Finch, John, assistant overseer, Ringmer, Sussex, 156
Finlinson, James (1783–1847), assistant overseer, Dalston, Cumb., 137, 145, 156, 164–5
food
barm, 124
butcher’s meat, 129
cardamom, 125
flour, 42, 113, 122, 123, 125, 129
hasty pudding, 122
mustard, 126
mutton, 127
porridge, 122
salt, 125
veal, 127
Forster, Joseph, grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 118, 119, 123, 130
Fothergill, Anthony, physician, 114
Fox, Ann, 46
Francis, Mary, coal dealer, Lichfield, Staffs., 116
French, Jeremiah, farmer, 34–5, 37, 43
friendly societies, 8
Funnel, Will, brickmaker, 38
Garnett, Stephen, assistant overseer, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westm., 139, 156
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 208
Gibbs, Sarah, pauper, 182, 188
Gisborne, Rev., Thomas, 177
Gnosall, Staffordshire, 46
Godwin, Jane (1770–1852), innkeeper, Turk’s Head, Lichfield, Staffs., 123–5, 128, 131–2
Goodwin, John, assistant overseer, Dymchurch, Kent, 150
Graham, Mary, grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 118, 123
grant funding, 210
Greystoke, Cumb.
administration of poor relief, 13
Advertisement for an Assistant Overseer, Greystoke, 1835, 149
Burn, Thomas, assistant overseer, 155
farming the poor, 13
applications for post of assistant overseer, 150
poorhouse, 13
poor relief, 9
size of parish, 12
townships and chapelries, 12–13
Wannup, John, assistant overseer, 156
Griffin Inn, Penrith, Cumb., 133–5
pre-printed bill for expenses at the Griffin Inn, Penrith, submitted to the overseers of Threlkeld, c.1800, 133
grocers and tea dealers,
in Workington, 113
grocery prices, 130
Guy, Richard, brickmaker, 38
Hall, Jane, pauper, Dalston, Cumb., 165
Hall, Thomas, vagrant, 101
Halmarack, James, overseer, Madeley, Staffs., 142
Hannon, Mary, 101
Hart, Elizabeth, 46
Haskol, Elizabeth, pauper, 180–1, 187, 191
Hayton near Brampton, Cumb.
Brown, Richard, assistant overseer, 155
contracting out of poor relief, 13
population, 6
provision of textiles, 67
Haywood, John, vagrant, 101
Hearnden, Isaac, 147
Henvill, Philip, curate, South Damerham, Wilts., 167–93
Hill, Anne (1748–1833), butcher and innkeeper, Lichfield, Staffs., 127–8
Hill, Reuben, Dursely, Glos., assistant overseer, 148
historians, 88–9, 102, 108, 130, 140, 167, 173, 175, 198, 215, 220
academic, 197–201, 211, 214–15, 223
history from below, 198
History Workshop Movement, 198
Holland, Sarah, Lichfield, Staffs., 115
Hook, Robert, shoe maker, Sussex, 32, 43
Hope, Richard, 44
Horton, Thomas, overseer, Darlaston, 101
houses of correction, 91, 93, 96
Hunter, John, pauper, Greystoke, Cumb., 13
Hutchinson, William, 13
Hyland, George, Laughton, Sussex, 31–4, 36, 39, 41–2
illegal trading, 113
impotent poor, 1
illegitimacy
children, 2, 12, 19, 27, 33, 35, 37–9, 41–6, 48, 89, 159
coerced marriage, 27, 33, 35, 41, 49
demographic change, 26
maintenance payments, 19, 28, 31, 39, 42, 44–8
management, 26, 28–9, 35, 41–2, 46–7, 49
morality, 27
regional variation, 27
settlement, 29–30, 32–3, 36–42, 44–5, 47, 49
Instructions for Cutting Out Apparel for the Poor (1789), 67, 72
intellectual property rights, 208–9
Irthington, Cumb., number of surviving overseers’ vouchers, 18
Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, 87
Jobs, Joseph, 144
Jolliffe, Rev., Tovey, Skelton, Cumb., 177
Justice of the Peace, and Parish Officer (1755), 146
Keen, Anne (1771–1853), shoe dealer, Lichfield, Staffs., 117, 128
Kendal, Westm.
Dunglinson, Daniel, workhouse governor, 78
Sowerby, Sarah, workhouse inmate, 78
King’s Bench, court of, 142
Kirkby Lonsdale, Westm.
Garnett, Stephen, assistant overseer, 139, 156
workhouse, 4
Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF), 214
Lamesley, County Durham, 151–4
Lancashire, 4, 7, 88, 94, 98, 139
Lancaster, Joseph, assistant overseer, Wigton, Cumb., 156
Laurence, David, assistant overseer, Winchelsea, Sussex, 156
Laws Respecting Parish Matters (1828), 146
Leek, William, assistant overseer, Lichfield, Staffs., 156, 161
Lewes, Sussex, 34, 38, 40, 48, 50
Lichfield, Staffs.,
businesswomen, 107, 108, 112, 115, 117, 123–8
Leek, William, assistant overseer, 156, 161
occupations, 112
relief given to travellers, 92
population, 132
Mendicity Society, 8
parish of St Chad, 127
parish of St Mary,
Baker, Thomas, assistant overseer, 145
cost of poor relief, 111
numbers in receipt of relief, 111
overseers’ accounts, 18
overseers’ vouchers, 113, 115, 117
provision of textiles, 62
women supplying the parish, 108, 115–17, 123–8
workhouse, 5
life writing, 203. See also biographies
Lincolnshire, 98
Ling (formerly Cain), Ann, 31, 45
Littleton, Edward, 96
London, 59, 80, 84, 91–4, 98, 110, 134, 169
London Genuine Tea Company, 120–1
Longley, John, Hastings, Sussex, 144
Longtown, Cumb., 4
Lyon, Samuel, assistant overseer, Alrewas, Staffs., 156, 159
magistrates, 3, 17, 28, 31, 37, 39, 87, 169, 101, 172, 177, 189, 191, 193, 220
pauper appeals to, 220.
Malbon, Elizabeth (c.1743–1801), pauper, Wednesbury, Staffs., 91–2, 103–4
Extract of an Overseers’ Voucher for Darlaston, Staffordshire, showing ale for E. Malbourn’s funeral, 1801, 104
Manchester, proportion of women in business, 111
Marchant, James, tailor, East Hoathly, 51
Marlow, Edward, pauper, 181, 188, 191
Martin, Lydia, 97
Martin, Thomas, assistant overseer, Dalston, Cumb., 156, 160–1
Mayfield, Sussex, 48
Mayhew, Henry, 86
microhistories, 26
micro-politics of the parish, 29, 168, 171, 187–92
Middlesex, 92–3, 94, 97–8, 102
Millard, Mary, 101
Miller, Joseph, assistant overseer applicant, 152
milliners and dressmakers, 70, 112, 114, 121
Mills, Thomas, 101
morality and duty regarding the poor, 183–7
Museums, Libraries, and Archives Council (MLA), 210
National Co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement, 214
Newcastle Courant, 151
Newell, Elizabeth, pauper, Yoxall, Staffs., 53
non-resident (out-parish) relief, 1, 21, 55, 56, 78, 85, 111
Norris, Thomas, assistant overseer, Uttoxeter, Staffs., 156, 162
Okeden, David, J.P., Dorset, 172, 192
Oliver, Sarah (1780–1832), grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 114, 120–1, 122, 123, 130
occupations, categorization, 206
Olney, Buckinghamshire, 88
outdoor relief, 2, 13, 14, 111, 182–3
overseers,
appointment, 30
duties, 30–1, 37, 46, 83, 87, 101,143–4, 146
misconduct, 17, 42, 48, 142, 158
See also assistant overseers
overseers’ vouchers, 15–16, 17–18, 20–2, 114–15
cataloguing, 197, 201–2, 205–6, 209
contents, 18, 19, 20–1, 46, 53, 59–60,117, 120, 122, 124, 125, 127, 197
copyright, 209
extract showing ale for E. Malbourn’s funeral, 1801, 104
handwriting, 20
payment to Abel Rooker for half a year’s contract, for Darlaston Workhouse, Staffordshire, 1822, 193
Pre-printed bill for expenses at the Griffin Inn, Penrith, submitted to the overseers of Threlkeld, c.1800, 133
Paine, Nathaniel, surgeon, Sussex, 50
A brief sketch of the state of the poor, 167–93
A brief statement of facts … in the treatment of the poor, 167–93
Papcastle, Cumb.
provision of textiles, 65, 77, 79
Parkes, Mary, Sussex, 41
Parkes, Richard, Sussex, 39–41
parliamentary papers, Abstract of the Poor (1803–4), cost of poor relief in Brampton, Cumb., and Lichfield St Mary, Staffs., 111
parliamentary papers, ‘Rural Queries’ (1832), 70, 150, 169
participatory,
transcription, 200
web, 199
Parton, Hannah, 46
Pearson, George, assistant overseer applicant, 153
pedlars, 86
Penrith, Cumb., 143
pre-printed bill for expenses at the Griffin Inn, Penrith, submitted to the overseers of Threlkeld, c.1800, 133
Wilkinsons and the Griffin Inn, 133–5
phone app, 207
Pointon, William, vagrant, 101
Poole, William, 31
Poor Law Commission (1832–34), 47, 138, 145, 151, 160, 163
poor rate, 9, 29, 38, 42–3, 152, 171, 177–8. See also individual parishes
poor relief,
Christian views on, 175
expenditure in Dorset, 172
expenditure in Wiltshire, 172
national expenditure on, 171
parochial wage subsidy, 48
pensions, 2, 13, 18, 42, 86, 94, 104
rent, paid for by the parish, 2, 8, 12, 13, 18, 88, 101
tailored nature of, 13
See also individual parishes
Porter, Rev., Thomas, East Hoathly, Sussex, 35, 39
potash, 125
Price, Henry, 101
Pringle, George, assistant overseer applicant, 154
Proctor, Robert, assistant overseer applicant, 152
Proud, Elizabeth, woollen cloth manufacturer, Hayton, Cumb., 61
public engagement, 197, 210, 212–13
public houses, 11, 33–5, 44, 112, 124
public history, 198–200, 211, 214–16, 224
Quakers (Society of Friends), 169, 175–6
Rabson, James, headborough, Laughton, Sussex, 32–3
ratepayers, 7, 9, 26, 29, 39, 44, 49, 138, 171, 172, 220
records management, 205
Research Excellence Framework, (REF), 210, 214
Revisiting Archive Collections, 210
Reynolds, Joseph, assistant overseer, Aldridge, Staffs., 156, 159
Ridge, Hertfordshire, 94
Ringmer, Sussex, 148, 155, 156
Robinson, Joseph, assistant overseer applicant, 154
Rock, William, 101
Rooker, Abel (1787–1867), surgeon, Darlaston, Staffs., 192–4
Payment to Abel Rooker for half a year’s contract, for Darlaston Workhouse Staffordshire, 1822, 193
Routledge, John, workhouse master, Carlisle, Cumb., 143–4
Routledge, Ann (1807–81), grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 119–20
Routledge, Margaret (1799–1880), grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 119–20, 130
Routledge, Mary, grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 118, 119, 122
Routledge, Robert (d.1815), grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 119
Russel, Anne, pauper, 181
Rutter, John, Quaker and printer, Shaftesbury, Dorset, 167–93
Saint, John, overseer, Wednesbury, Staffs., 142
Saxby, Mary, 88
servant, 44
settlement
examination, 28, 32, 39–40, 80, 90, 103, 217
illegitimacy, 26, 28–30, 32–3, 36–7, 47, 90
policing, 33, 39, 41–2, 44, 47, 101
removal, 29, 32, 37–8, 88, 96, 102
Sewell, Elizabeth, grocer, Brampton, Cumb., 118, 123
Sewell, Jane, pauper, Skelton, Cumb., 2, 9, 15, 213
sexual reputation, 27
Shaftesbury, Dorset, 170, 174, 193, 179, 183
John Rutter’s observations of two poorhouses in Shaftesbury, 1819, 180
Shenton, Rev. Paul, 35
shoemakers and dealers, see Anne Keen
shopkeepers, 8, 11, 22, 30, 43–5, 112, 114, 197
Skelton, Cumb.
charity, 177
provision of pauper clothing, 70, 73, 74
See also, Preface
Slaney, J. P., John, 103
Small Bills project, 10–11, 15, 83–5, 91, 93, 97,101, 138, 140, 146, 150, 157, 163, 197–205, 207–9, 212–15, 217, 221–3
Smith, Samuel, 101
Smith, Sophia, 97
Sowerby, Sarah, pauper, Kendal Workhouse, 78
South Damerham, Wilts., 170, 179
population, 179
size of parish, 179
Sparrow, Thomas, 101
Staffordshire,
income from charitable bequests, 9
industry, 14
legal fees for poor law administration, 91
overseers’ vouchers, 53, 59, 62, 64–6, 75, 77
percentage of assistant overseers, 141
poor relief, 6, 9, 91. See also individual parishes
removal expenditure, 91
Staffordshire Record Office, 201–3, 205, 212
Staples, John, J.P., Middlesex, 93
statutes
Bastard Children Act (1733), 28
Data Protection Act (2018), 208
Gilbert’s Act (1782), 4, 19, 47, 162, 177
Local Government (Records) Act (1962), 17
Local Government Act (1894), 17
Poor Relief Act (1744), 39
Settlement Act (1662), 1
Sturges Bourne Acts (1818–19), 127, 139, 141, 177
Vagrancy Act (1819), 96
Vagrancy Act (1822), 96
Workhouse Test Act (1723), 3, 177
surgeons, 20, 50–1, 135, 140, 165, 192–4
surveyors of highways, 145, 156
Sussex,
archival research volunteers, 203–4, 208, 212
assistant overseers, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147–8, 150, 155–6, 160
income from charitable bequests, 9
legal fees for poor law administration, 49, 91
percentage of assistant overseers in, 141
poor relief expenditure, 88, 138
removal expenditure, 91
workhouses, 47
See also East Hoathly
Swift, Susan, 25
taxonomy, 206
Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF), 214
tenders for workhouse contracts, 129
Tester, Edward, assistant overseer, East Hoathly, Sussex, 156
textiles
cloth, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 218, 219
Coarse linen stays, 176–80, 74
corduroy, 66
cotton, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 75, 79, 219
duffel, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 73, 77, 219
flannel, 61, 63, 64, 65, 74, 77
linen, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 74, 78, 79, 219
shrouds, 77
woollens, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 73, 79
Thatcham, Berkshire, 39
The National Archives (TNA), 211
Threlkeld, Cumb.
clothing the poor, 75
pre-printed bill for expenses at the Griffin Inn, Penrith, submitted to the overseers of Threlkeld, c.1800, 133
Sowerby, Sarah, pauper, 78
Thurnam, Charles, bookseller and printer, Carlisle, 21
Ticehurst, Sussex, 143
tobacco, 34, 113, 122, 123, 125
Tomkinson, William, vagrant, 101
travellers,
drunken, 83
Essex, 97
Scottish, 92
settlement, 84
See also, vagrants
Trindle, Catherine, vagrant, 101
Trindle, Mary, vagrant, Mary, 101
Tull (formerly Vinal), Mary, 39
Tull, William, absent father, 38–9, 41
Turner, Thomas, diarist, shopkeeper and parochial officer, Sussex,
diarist, 11, 29, 37,45, 47, 83,
legal fees, 31
parish officer, 17, 19, 25, 30–5, 37–8, 40, 88
unmarried motherhood, 25, 30–5, 44–5
Uckfield, Sussex, 32, 34, 37, 40
undeserving poor, 143, 148, 185
Uttoxeter, Staffs.,
Gilbert’s Act, 162
Norris, Thomas, assistant overseer, 156, 162
overseers’ vouchers, 20
Wetton, Elizabeth, stationer and printer, 21
vagrants,
gender balance, 98
pass, 83
prosecution, 84
returns 1824, 98
soldiers, 93
Verral, Edward, solicitors’ clerk, 37
vestries,
applications for relief, 152, 188
Bolton, Lancs., 8
businessmen, 43
clergy, 169
Madeley, Staffs., 142
payments by, 41
settlement system, 49
Wimborne Minster, Dorset, 178
Wharton, William, vagrant, 101
Vinal, William, 38
volunteers, archival research
biographies, research and writing, 121, 200–1, 204, 212
collaborative working, 197, 200–2, 209–12, 215
groups, 203
intellectual property rights, 208
specialist knowledge, 203–4, 212, 214
workshops, 204
Walker, Anne (1772–1832), grocer, Lichfield, Staffs., 123, 125–6
Waltham, John, Abbots Bromley, Staffs., 18
Wannup, John, overseer, Greystoke, Cumb., 142, 156
Warrington (later Malbon), Elizabeth, pauper, 103–4
Wednesbury
cost of poor relief, 14
Malbon, Elizabeth, pauper, 92, 103–4
numbers in receipt of outdoor relief, 14
population, 14
provision of pauper clothing, 69
provision of textiles, 64, 65, 67, 72
workhouse, 14
Wetton, Elizabeth, stationer and printer, Uttoxeter, Staffs., 21
Wetton, John, assistant overseer, Colwich, Staffs., 156
Whitechapel, Middlesex, 93
Whitehaven, Cumb., population, 12
WiFi connectivity, 208
Wigton, Cumb.
Buttery, William, assistant overseer, 155, 162
Lancaster, Joseph, assistant overseer, 156
provision of pauper clothing, 74, 75
provision of textiles in, 62, 63, 72
Wilkinson, Julia (1768–1824), innkeeper, Griffin Inn, Penrith, Cumb., 133–4
Wilkinson, Thomas, assistant overseer applicant, 153
Wilson, John, assistant overseer, Brampton, Cumb., 156, 159
Wimborne Minster, Dorset, select vestry, 178
Winlaton, County Durham, 152
Wolstanton, Staffordshire, 104
women
unmarried motherhood, 25–8, 30, 38, 42, 46, 48–9
Woodward, Thomas, grocer, Lichfield, Staffs., 125, 126
Woolgar, Thomas, pauper, 43, 50
workhouses
abscond from, 87
Advertisement for a Master and Mistress of St Mary’s Workhouse, Carlisle, 1785, 149
discharged paupers, 87
governors, 145, 156, 161–2, 164
illegitimate children, 48
matrons, 164
resident of, 101
scandal, 176
unmarried mothers, 47
See also, individual parishes
Workington, Cumb., population, 12
Worrall, Richard, 46
Wren, William, 152
Wrotham St George, Kent, 143, 144
Zooniverse, 199