Index

activist communities, 87, 99–100, 104–5, 110–11
Addison, Christopher, MP, Minister of Reconstruction (1917–19), Minister of Health (1919–21), 64–5
Adley, Robert, MP, 44–5
Anderson, Donald, MP, 96
Apps, Peter, housing journalist, 7, 84
architects, architectural profession, 1, 2–3, 4, 17–18, 23, 26–9, 33, 47, 48–9, 65, 67. See also Bossom Arthur; Clingan, George Pierce; Royal Institute of British Architects; Webb, Sam
archives, 1–2, 7–8
austerity, 9, 107

Bain, Sir George, university administrator and civil servant, 55–6
Battersea, South London, 78
Beacock, Nicholas, housing campaigner, 92, 98–9. See also charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations, Campaign for Bedsit Rights
bedsits, bed-and-breakfast accommodation, 14, 85–7, 90–1, 92–3, 96. See also hostels; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs); lodging houses
Better Regulation Task Force, 54. See also deregulation; regulation; self-regulation
Birmingham, West Midlands, 90, 99, 104
Blackpool, Lancashire, 45, 46, 100
Blair, Tony, MP, Prime Minister (1997–2007), 34, 54
Boreham Wood, Hertfordshire, 65
Bossom, Arthur, MP, 18–19
Bradford, West Yorkshire, 52
Bradford City Football Club, 52
Brentford, West London, 58
Bristol, County of Avon, 99
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 39, 80
Brittan, Leon, MP, Home Secretary (1983–85), 51–2
builders, 18, 23
building control inspectors, 29–30, 32
building materials, 4, 17, 18, 23, 24, 68, 109
brick, 17, 22
building boards, 70–71
concrete, 3, 4, 17
plaster, 17, 48, 70
plastic, 27–8
steel, 4, 17, 27
timber, 18, 49, 52, 85
See also building regulations; building safety; cladding; systems building
building regulations, 4, 5, 6–8, 15, 107
approved documents, 35–6, 38
as burdens, 8, 19, 34, 41, 52
costs of, 18, 22, 29
‘deemed to satisfy’, 21, 24, 33
eras of building control, 20–21
limits of, 82
London building codes, 21–2, 23, 25, 26
model byelaws, 8, 18, 21–4, 34
national regulations, 17–19, 22, 24–30, 49, 71
recasting, 12, 20, 21, 26, 30–37, 78, 98
Building Regulations Advisory Committee, 25
Building Research Establishment (BRE), 10, 61–2, 65, 76, 78–84, 110–11
formation, 76
privatisation, 63, 83–4
building safety, 4, 20, 66, 109, 110–14
research and testing, 10, 62, 63–5, 76, 96
See also fire safety research and testing
building types
care homes, old people’s homes, 41, 48–9, 50–51, 54, 58
clubs, restaurants and licensed premises, 42, 47
factories, 42, 70
holiday camps, 28, 56
homes, 23, 29–31, 47, 68–70, 72–5, 81–2, 90–91, 95, 105–6
hospitals, 29, 41, 46, 47–8, 49, 58
hostels, 47–8, 56, 89–92, 100, 102. See also bedsits
hotels and boarding houses, 39–41, 43–7, 54, 56, 58–9, 91, 93
leisure centres, 26–9
prisons, 58
public toilets, 46
schools, 29, 48, 49, 70
shopping centres, shops, 19, 40, 42
stadiums, 41
student residential accommodation, 48, 49
tower blocks. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
transport premises, 41, 42, 85, 105
burdens of business, 8, 34, 41, 52
burns, burns injuries, 72, 74, 85
Butlins holiday camp, 28

Cabinet Office, 41
care homes. See building types
Central Fire Brigades Advisory Council, 15, 51, 79–80, 84, 110
certification, 3, 8, 32–3, 39–40, 44–7, 53, 56. See also fire precautions
charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations, 2, 85–8, 91, 95–6, 98–9, 101–2, 104–5
Brent Private Tenants Rights Group, 100
Brent Women’s Aid, 89
Brent Women’s Centre, 90
British Fire Prevention Committee, 64
British Safety Council, 74
Camden Committee for Community Relations, 97
Camden Federation of Private Tenants, 100
Campaign for Bedsit Rights, 87, 98–100
Campaign for the Homeless and Roofless, 87, 90, 92, 95–6, 98
Catholic Order of the Missionaries of Charity, 89
Claddag, 37n75
Crisis, 99, 103
Disability Rights UK, 37n75
Grenfell United, 14n49, 37n75
Housing Associations Charitable Trust, 99
Kensington & Chelsea Private Tenants Rights Project, 100
National Tower Blocks Network (Tower Blocks UK), 3, 82. See also Webb, Sam
Newham Tower Block Tenants Campaign, 81–2
North Kensington Law Centre, 93, 94–5
Shelter, 85, 87, 93, 103
civil service, civil servants, 46–7, 51, 82–3
need to learn with history, 15–16, 107–11
scientific civil service, 25, 61–2, 63–4, 67–8, 69, 72, 78
testimony to Grenfell Tower Inquiry, 19, 41
Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, 90
cladding, 1, 4–5, 27, 80–84
at Grenfell Tower, 57, 105
testing of, 36, 63, 77, 79, 82–3
Clarke, S.H., director, Fire Research Station, 67–8
class, classes. See also gender; race
and consumerism, 72
and homeownership, 31
and safety, 73
vulnerability, 3, 90
Clingan, George Pierce, Liverpool City Surveyor, 17–19, 21, 24, 37
Common Market, 26. See also European Council
compartmentation, 6–7, 24, 61, 67. See also stay put
Conservative Party
attitude towards housing policy and the state, 87–8
ideology, 12–13, 19–20, 30–31, 87–8
support for landlords, 95–6
support for property-owning democracy, 31
See also Thatcherism
Consortium of Local Authorities Programme (CLASP), 48–9
construction industry, construction products industry, 6–7, 36
and central government, 13, 31–3, 78–9, 83–4
criticism of building regulations, 18–19, 36, 69–71
failure of, 36–7, 61, 107
‘race to the bottom’ of building safety, 35, 107–8
support for deregulation, 7–8, 57, 79
See also self-regulation
consumer protection, 68–9, 72–5, 101, 110
consumer society, 72, 109
cookers, ovens, 3, 68, 72–3
coroners. See inquests
Courtney, Roger, chief executive, BRE and director, BRE Trust, 78, 83
Covid-19 pandemic, 108–9

‘death-traps’, 1, 27, 46, 97, 101
Departmental Committee on Building Byelaws, 23
Departmental Committee on the Fire Service, 42–3
Department for Communities and Local Government, 16n55, 25
Department of the Environment, 25, 36, 38, 76, 83
Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 76, 96
Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, 109–10
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), 64–5, 66–7, 75
Department of Social Security, 100
Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions, 16n55, 55
deregulation
of building control, 7–8, 12, 30–37
definition of, 9
as economic liberalisation, 11–13
failure of, 107–11
of fire precautions, 13–14, 41–2, 50–59, 101
as government policy, 10–11, 19–20, 41–2, 52–9, 83–4, 87–8, 107
historiography, 9–14
and home and family life, 12
and housing policy, 88, 100–101
origins and development of, 9–11
paradox of, 13–14, 59
See also government; neoliberalism; privatisation; regulation; self-regulation
disability
disabled persons and risk from fire, 35, 37, 55
people with learning disabilities, 47, 58
right to personal protections, 49
disaster studies, 6

emergency planning, preparedness, 69
emergency services. See Fire and Rescue Service; London Fire Brigade; Metropolitan Police; West Midlands Fire Brigade
environmental health, 86–7, 93, 95, 105
environmental protection, 20
European Council, 52, 54

fatal fires, 73, 79–81, 90, 100. See also multiple-fatality fires
Fawlty, Basil, 39–40, 44, 59
Fawlty Towers, 39–40
Fennell, Sir Desmond, Q.C., 85, 105
fire engineering, 2, 7, 33, 65, 67–8, 110–11
firefighters
changing role, 46, 55–6, 81
fire prevention, inspection and investigation, 2–3, 8, 36, 39–40, 43, 46, 49, 56–7, 67, 73–5, 80–81, 86–7, 89, 93–4, 96–7, 104, 109
high-rise firefighting and rescue work, 1, 5, 23–4, 79–80, 82
national strike, 2002, 55, 57
Fire Grading Committee, 66
policy, 8, 16, 55–6, 92, 110–11
fire precautions
as burdens, 41, 52, 92
cost of, 40, 45–6, 51
deregulation of, 8–9, 12, 14, 41–2, 50–57
exemptions, 45
fire drills, 39–40, 44–6
fire extinguishers, 39–40, 53, 67, 87
in houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs), 86–7, 94–7
means of escape from fire, 26, 28, 34, 38, 43, 86–7, 89, 96, 109
value of, 8, 40–41, 45–6, 58–9, 85
See also fire precautions; legislation
Fire and Rescue Service
Fire Research Station, 15, 67–72, 75–9, 82–3. See also Building Research Establishment; fire safety research and testing; Joint Fire Research Organisation
fire safety
attitudes towards, 39–41
and building control, 21–2
and fire resistance, 23, 64–6
full-scale testing, 78–9
internationalisation of standards, 65, 84, 109
neglect of, 8, 27, 42–3
research and testing, 10, 13, 15, 24, 36, 62–79, 103, 109
and risk assessment, 8, 54, 56–7
Fire Safety Act, 2021, 37, 109
First World War, 23, 64
food safety, 20
Forte Holdings, 44
fridge-freezers, 4, 73

gender
and domestic safety, 73
fire research as gendered work, 67–8
and public inquiries, 72
and women, 3, 12, 45, 68, 74, 89–92, 106
gentrification, 106
Gibson, Sir Donald, architect, 48
Glasgow, West Scotland, 42, 80
government
commissioned inquiries into multiple-fatality fires, 4, 23, 26, 48–9, 52–3, 85, 105. See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry
culture change, 107–9
deregulation, support for, 8, 30, 87–8. See also deregulation, as government policy
‘history gap’, 15
learning, failure to learn, 15–16, 49–50, 79–80, 91–2, 107–11
machinery of government changes, 16, 25, 36, 55, 57
managerialism, 54, 104
neglect of building and fire safety, 3, 42–3, 48–9, 57–9, 63, 73, 82, 95
organised abandonment of the vulnerable, 6
public expenditure cuts, 19, 30, 35, 50–51, 95
systemic failure of, 6, 84, 107–8
government-commissioned inquiries into multiple-fatality fires
Bradford City Football Club, 53
King’s Cross Underground, London, 85, 105
Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster, 4, 26, 72–3, 92
Stardust, Dublin, 77
Summerland Commission of Inquiry, 27–8
governments
Conservative, 1951–64, 11, 12, 29, 42, 74–5
Conservative, 1970–74, 42–3
Conservative, 1979–96, 12–14, 30–36, 49, 50–54, 77, 83–4, 87–8, 90–91, 98, 100–103
Conservative, 2015-, 36–7, 109–10
Conservative-Liberal Democratic, 2010–15, 9, 41
Labour, 1945–51, 11
Labour, 1964–70, 11, 12, 26, 29–30, 42, 69
Labour, 1974–79, 39, 49–50
New Labour, 1997–2010, 36, 41–2, 53–7, 103–4
Great Fire of London, 18, 21–2
Grenfell Tower
1979 fire, 1–2
2017 fire, 4–5, 21, 27, 36–7, 56–7, 61, 65, 73, 87, 104–5, 107–8
See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry; Lancaster West Estate
Grenfell Tower Inquiry, 4, 14, 19, 27–8, 31, 37, 41, 44, 48–9, 54, 57, 65, 68, 73, 77, 79, 84, 105, 107–10
Gummer, John, Secretary of State for the Environment (1993–97), 83–4

Hackitt, Dame Judith, engineer and civil servant, 6–7, 21, 34, 36–7, 44
Hannan, John, MP, 45
health and safety, 29–30, 32, 52, 105
Health and Safety Executive, 6, 36, 101
Heath, Philip, technical manager for Kingspan Insulation Ltd., 57
Heathrow Airport, 12–13, 77
Heseltine, Michael, MP, Secretary of State for the Environment (1979–83, 1990–92), Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (1992–95), 31–2, 53
high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs), 1–4, 36
EWS1 surveys, 38
fire-fighting access and strategy, 24, 79–80, 109
fires and fire risk, 61, 79–83
Large Panel Systems and prefabrication, 4, 18, 80
precautions, 48, 56
refurbishment, 82–3
structural safety problems, 1–4, 7, 26, 61–3, 80–81
See also fire precautions; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs); housing; Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
Hillsborough Disaster (1989), 107
history, thinking with, 14–16, 107–11
Hitchens, Peter, journalist, 34
Hodge Ivy, survivor of the Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster, 3, 72
Holland, Kenneth, H.M. Chief Inspector for Fire Services, 47
Holmes, Chris, housing campaigner, 96, 103
homelessness, 86, 89–90, 94–8, 106
Home Office, 28, 51, 52–3, 55, 67, 78, 91, 102
‘homes fit for heroes’, 23
hostels, 47, 48, 56, 89–92, 100, 102. See also building types
hotels and boarding houses, 14, 38, 39–41, 43–7, 58–9. See also building types
houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
conditions in, 85–6, 88, 92–34, 98
definition of, 97, 100
fire risk, 56, 91, 96–7, 101–2
forgotten victims of fatal fires, 106
licensing, 14, 87, 92, 97–8, 100–104
means of escape from fire, 89, 92, 95–6
racial inequalities, 96–7
See also bedsits; hostels
housing
charities and grassroots safety campaigns, 2, 80–82, 86, 95–101, 104–5
and homelessness, 86, 89–90, 96–7, 106
policy, 12, 15–18, 23–4, 66, 79–83, 86, 88, 90, 95–8, 100–1
rental market, 12, 22, 86–8, 96–7, 102–4
See also high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs); homelessness; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
housing associations, 86, 99, 100–101
Howard, Michael, MP, Home Secretary (1993–97), 102
Hurd, Douglas, MP, Home Secretary (1985–89), 53

Independent Review of Building Regulations and Fire Safety (Hackitt Review), 6–7, 21, 27, 36–7. See also Hackitt, Dame Judith
inquests, 70, 73–4, 91–2, 93–4
inspection, 8
of high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs), 3, 79–81
of hotels and boarding houses, 39, 45, 59
inspectorates, 20, 44, 47
institutional neglect, 2, 107–8
Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, 6n18

Joint Fire Research Organisation, 15, 67, 75–6, 110. See also Building Research Establishment; Fire Research Station
Joseph, Sir Keith, MP, Secretary of State for Health and Social Services (1970–74), 48

Kernick, Gill, author and fire safety campaigner, 108
Khan, Sadiq, Mayor of London (2016-), 110
King Charles II, 21
Kingspan Insulation Ltd., 57, 79
Knapman, Dr Paul, H.M. Coroner for Westminster, 94, 96
Knowsley Heights, Liverpool, Merseyside, 6n18, 82

Labour Party, 54–5, 83, 89–90, 92–3, 97
Lakanal House, Camberwell, South London, 6n18, 14, 41, 96n50
Lancaster West Estate, North Kensington, West London, 1–2, 3, 75. See also Grenfell Tower
Landlords, landlordism
buy-to-let, 86
of houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs), 92–5, 100–104, 106
neglect of safety, 3, 88, 92–3, 97, 104–5
opposition to national building regulations, 22, 33
powers to evict tenants, 100–101
resistance to licensing, 95, 103–4
‘slumlords’, 92, 94
Lane, Dr Barbara, fire engineer, 68
Law, Margaret, fire engineer, 69
law centres, 87, 93, 94–5, 99
Lawson, Dennis, director, Fire Research Station, 68, 73–4
learning, 14–16, 107–11
leaseholders, 33, 37n75
Leeds, West Yorkshire, 80
legislation
Building Safety Act, 2022, 109
Deregulation and Contracting Out Act, 1994, 53
Fire Precautions Act, 1971, 39–47, 91
proposals to extend provisions of, 47–53
proposals to reduce law on, 51–7
Fire Safety Regulatory Reform Order, 2005, 56–7
Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act, 1987, 53
Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, 29
Housing Act, 1980, 31, 90–92
Housing and Building Control Act, 1984, 33–4
Housing Act, 1996, 102
Housing Act, 2004, 103
Housing (Homeless Persons) Act, 1977, 89–90
Housing and Local Government Act, 1989, 100–101
Housing and Town Planning Act, 1919, 23
London Building Act, 1894, 23
Oil Burners (Standards) Act, 1960, 74–5
Public Health Act, 1848, 22
Public Health Act, 1875, 22
Public Health Act, 1961, 25
lived experiences, 108
Liverpool, Merseyside, 6n18, 17, 42, 82
Lloyd George, David, MP, Prime Minister (1916–22), 23
local authorities
Brent Borough Council, North-West London, 89–91
Camden Borough Council, Central London, 97, 100
Douglas Corporation, Isle of Man, 27
Greater London Council, 26, 92, 98, 99
Haringey Borough Council, North London, 85–6
London County Council, 23, 24, 65
Metropolitan Board of Works, 23
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, West London, 1–2, 4–5, 75, 93
local government
central government mistrust of, 19, 49–50, 88
controls over local authorities, 50–51, 59, 95, 98–101
criticism of central government, 100
criticism of local authorities, 1, 21–4, 29–30, 32–4, 71, 94–5
‘loony left’ councils, 99
powers of local authorities, 88–90, 92, 97–8
rate capping, 32, 98
Local Government Board, 22
lodging houses, 14, 87. See also bedsits; hostels; houses in multiple occupancy (HMOs)
London. See building regulations; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations; London Fire Brigade; local authorities; multiple-fatality fires; Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
London Fire Brigade, 5, 23, 53, 58–9, 89, 94
London Review of Books, 7

MacLean, Fitzroy, MP, 45
Major, John, Prime Minister (1992–97), 101, 102
‘market-driven politics’, 12. See also deregulation, privatisation, Thatcherism
Marshall, Jim, MP, 95
May, Theresa, MP, Prime Minister (2016–19), 4
memorials, memorialisation, 96, 105–6, 111
Merry Hill, Smethwick, West Midlands, 81
Metropolitan Police, 94, 97
migrants, 86, 92–3
Ministry of Health, 23, 65
Ministry of Home Security, 67
Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 25
Ministry of Public Building and Works, 25
Ministry of Technology, 69
Moore-Bick, Sir Martin, High Court judge, 4, 14
multiple-fatality fires, 5–6
Birmingham (2005), 105
Blackpool (1988), 100
Bolton (1961), 42
Bradford City Football Club (1985), 14, 52–3
Cambridge (1972), 45
Church Stretton (1968), 43
Coldharbour Hospital, Dorset (1972), 48, 76
Dublin, Stardust nightclub (1981), 77
Fairfield Home, Edwalton, Nottinghamshire (1974), 48–9
Glasgow, Grafton’s department store (1949), 42
Keighley (1956), 42
Kilburn, women’s hostel (1980), 47, 89–92, 106
Kings’ Cross London Underground (1987), 14, 53, 85, 105
Lakanal House (2009), 6n18, 14, 41, 96n50
Liverpool, Henderson’s department store (1960), 42
London, New Langham Hotel (1971), 44
Manchester, Woolworths’ store (1979), 77
North Kensington, Grenfell Tower (2017), 4–5, 21, 27, 36–7, 56–7, 61, 65, 73, 87, 104–5, 107–8
Notting Hill, Clanricarde Gardens (1981), 92–5
Oban (1972), 45
Saffron Walden, Rose & Crown (1969), 43
Scarborough (1994), 102
Stornoway (1966), 43
Summerland (1973), 26–9, 61, 77
Ware, Hertfordshire (1959), 73
Westminster, Gloucester Place (1985), 96–7
multi-storey housing. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)

Nabarro, Gerald, MP, 74
National Coal Board, 29
neoliberalism, neoliberal governments, 9–10, 12, 20, 30, 41–2, 50, 107
New Cross Massacre (1981), London, 97
Newham, East London, 3–4, 81–2. See also Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster
New Labour. See governments; Labour Party
Newspapers and media
Daily Express, The, 34, 74
Daily Mail, The, 29–30, 34, 99
Daily Mirror, The, 27–8, 46
Evening Standard, 99
Financial Times, The, 28
Guardian, The, 34
Times, The, 74
North Kensington, West London, 1, 92–3, 95, 107. See also Grenfell Tower; Kensington and Chelsea Royal Borough Council; Lancaster West Estate

Oakley, Robin, journalist, 34
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 55–6
Ove Arup, engineering firm, 68

Paddington, Central London, 95
Paul, Dr David, Coroner for North London District, 91
Personal Emergency Evacuation Plans, 37, 49. See also disability
policymaking, policymakers. See also civil service; government
‘history gap’, 15
need to think with history, 107–11
sensitivity to over-regulation, 23
Pontypridd, Rhondda County, Wales, 100
Prescott, John, MP, Deputy Prime Minister (1997–2007), 55
privatisation, 10, 19, 52, 87, 109
of fire research, 13, 75–6, 77, 83–4
of public utilities, 20–21, 31, 52
professional bodies, stakeholder groups and trade unions
Association of District Councils, 100
British Hotels and Restaurants’ Association, 43
British Standards Institution, 23, 24, 65, 67, 71
Fibre Building Board Development Organisation, 70–71
Fire Brigades Union, 10, 15, 29, 46, 55, 73, 99, 101–2, 110
Fire Insurers’ Research and Testing Organisation, 77
Fire Offices’ Committee, 64–5, 67, 75, 77
Fire Protection Association, 43, 47
Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors, 17, 38
Institute of Building Control, 33
Institute of Environmental Health Officers, 95
Institute of Fire Engineers, 33
Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 32, 38
Institute of Structural Engineers, 17
Law Society, 99
National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, 99
National Consumer Council, 101
National Corporation for the Care of Old People, 49
National House-Building Council, 32–4
National Landlords Association, 104
Oil Appliance Manufacturers Association, 75
Personal Social Services Council, 50
Royal Institute of British Architects, 23, 33, 65
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 33, 38
Timber Research Development Association, 71
Trades Union Congress, 46
professional periodicals, 17–18
Caterer and Housekeeper, 45
Fire, 43
Inside Housing, 7
Municipal Journal, 32
Roof, 85
Surveyor, The, 95
Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer, 17
public health, 8, 21–4
public inquiries, 4–5, 14, 48–9, 53, 107–8. See also Grenfell Tower Inquiry

race, racism, 93, 97. See also housing in multiple occupancy (HMOs); rental property market
Rachman, Peter, landlord, 92
Rasbash, David, fire engineer, 68
Raynsford, Nick, MP, Minister of State for Local and Regional Government (2001–5), 55–6
Read, R.E.H., fire engineer, 61–2
red tape, 9, 19, 29–30, 34, 52, 54
Red Tape Challenge, 41
regulation
better regulation, 54, 103
costs of, 11–12, 37, 46, 49–50, 56
criticisms of regulations, 20, 41, 49, 54, 109
hyper-innovative, 51–2
micro-practices of, 40–41, 58–9, 85
path of least intervention, 20, 88, 92, 101–2, 110–11
regulate to deregulate, 13–14, 34, 41–2, 53
regulatory state, 51–2, 54–5
value of regulation, 108–11
See also building regulations; deregulation; fire precautions; self-regulation
rental property market
deregulation of, 100–104
racial inequalities of, 96–7
residents
experience of fire, 1, 80–82
neglect of concerns, 1, 80, 87, 93, 108
safety campaigns and mobilisation, 2–3, 75, 80–82, 97, 100
Rhys-Williams, Brandon, MP, 95
risk, risk assessment, 8, 101. See also fire precautions
Robens, Lord, politician, trade unionist and civil servant, 29
Ronan Point Tower-Block Disaster (1968), 3–4, 26, 67, 72–3, 79, 81–2, 92
Royston Hill, Glasgow, 80
Rushdie, Salman, novelist, 97

St Pancras New Church, 105
safety. See building safety; fire safety; residents
safety inspectorates, 20
sanitary control, 22
scalds, scalding, 75
scientific governance, 62–3, 72–5
and civil service, 63, 67–9
self-governance, 75–84
Second World War, 17–18, 23–4, 66
self-regulation, 8, 13, 29, 30–3, 49, 53–4, 103. See also deregulation; regulation
Sharples, Richard, MP, Minister of State at the Home Office (1970–2), 44
slow disaster, 6
slums, slumlords, 92, 94, 97, 101
Smith, Harry, H.M. Chief Inspector of Fire Services, 44
social democracy, 31
Southampton, Hampshire, 99
space heaters, 3, 68, 73–5, 98
stay put, 5, 14, 24, 38, 67, 79–80. See also compartmentation; firefighters
stigma, 48, 89
students, student accommodation, 85–6, 99, 103
surveyors, 17–18, 22, 29–30
Swansea, Glamorgan, South Wales, 96
systems building, 4, 24, 47–8, 80. See also building materials; high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)

Taylor Woodrow-Anglian, construction firm, 4
television sets, 43, 68
tenants. See activist communities; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations; residents.
Thatcher, Margaret, MP, Prime Minister (1979–90), 30, 90
Thatcherism, 12–14, 19–20, 31, 39, 77, 86–7, 98. See also Conservative Party
third sector, 10, 87–8, 102–4. See also activist communities; charitable trusts and voluntary grassroots organisations
Torquay, Devon, 39
Tower blocks. See high-rise residential buildings (HRRBs)
Townsley, Colin, London firefighter, 53
Tracey, Richard, MP, Minister for Sport (1985–87), 98
trade unions, unionism, 2, 46, 55, 73, 87, 104. See also professional bodies, stakeholder groups and trade unions
Travelodge, 58–9
Trust House Ltd., 44

University College London, 83
University of Edinburgh, 68
University of Greenwich, 68
urban regeneration, 12, 106

vulnerable communities, vulnerability, 1, 3, 12, 28, 47, 54, 61, 84–5, 89–91, 104, 107–9

Warrington Fire Research Centre, 71, 77
Webb, Sam, architect and fire safety campaigner, 3, 44, 81, 92
welfare, welfare reform, 18–19, 30, 62–3, 77, 86–7, 104, 109
Welsh Affairs Parliamentary Committee, 100
West Midlands Fire Brigade, 81
Westminster Coroners’ Court, 93. See also Knapman, Dr Paul
Whalley Peter, journalist, 29–30
Wheeler, John, MP, 95
Whitelaw, William, MP, Home Secretary (1979–83), 91
Wilcox, Lady Judith, chair of the National Consumer Council, 101
Wilson, Harold, MP, Prime Minister (1964–70, 1974–76), 39, 69

Young, Lord George, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Environment (1981–86); Minister of State for Housing (1990–94), 34, 52, 95

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