Location

Date

Tourist/tutor, activity and reference

Alexandrai

1740

Spence and Lincoln viewed the citadel – J. Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, ed. S. Klima (Montréal, 1975), p. 312.

1779

Herbert viewed the citadel, regiments and a parade – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 10 December 1779, Herbert’s journal.

Amsterdam

1736

Pococke attended the military reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, 30 July 1736, Richard Pococke, Amsterdam, to his mother.

1737

Spence and Trevor attempted to access the arsenal – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 173.

Ancona

1734

Milles visited the fortress – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 15763, Jeremiah Milles’ travel journal, fo. 49.

Antwerp

1777

Yorke toured the citadel and dined with the commander, General Plunkett, with Herbert and Floyd – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 56, 20 June 1777, Yorke, Brussels, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 36258, 18 June 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Baden-Baden

1764

Gibbon toured the citadel and attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34883, fo. 69, 16 May 1764, Edward Gibbons, Boromeans Islands, to Leger.

Basle

1763

Holroyd toured the regiment and fortifications, escorted by a sergeant – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 61979, A, 14 October 1763, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

Basle

1778

Yorke toured a 1444 battlefield and visited the Swiss guards – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 212, 4 July 1778, Yorke, Basle, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 36259, 2 July 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Battle of Dettingen

1743

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s son participated in this battle – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montegu, ed. R. Halsband (2 vols., Oxford, 1966), ii. 273.George Townshend participated in the battle – National Army Museum (NAM), MS. 6806-41-1-2, George Townshend’s Autobiographical Account of his Life, fos. 1, 5.

Battle of Parma

1734

Pococke described how Simon Harcourt watched from the ramparts – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 22987, fo. 87, 12 June 1734, Richard Pococke, Milan, to Mrs Pococke.

Battlefield of Aix la Chapelle

1777

Yorke toured the battlefield and site of the peace treaty – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 69, 9 July 1777, Yorke, Cologne, to Hardwicke.

Battlefield of Campo Santo

1779

Yorke toured the battlefield – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 2 May 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Battlefield of Lowositz

1777

Yorke toured the battlefield – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 9 September 1777, 25 October 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Battlefield of Luccerne

1778

Yorke discussed Luccerne’s military history and battles – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 20 June 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Battlefield of Minden

1765

Holroyd toured the battlefield – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 187, 10 January 1766, Holroyd, The Hague, to Mrs Holroyd.

1776

Lewisham and Charles toured the battlefield – SRO, D(W)1778/V/890, 30 July 1776, Charles Gounter Legge, Hanover, to William Legge, 3rd earl of Dartmouth.

Battlefield of Morgarten

1778

Yorke toured the battlefield and recounted its story – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 19, 22 June 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Battlefield of Pirna

1777

Yorke toured the battlefield – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 24 October 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Battlefield of Prague

1777

Yorke toured the battlefield and the military magazine at the Observatory of Tycho Brake – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 27 October 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Bavaria

1778

Francis Basset visited the Prussian army in the field and engaged in skirmish action – J. Farington, The Diary of Joseph Farington, x (July 1809–December 1810,) ed. K. Cave (New Haven, Conn. and London, 1982), p. 3753.

Berlin

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] October 1736, Richard Pococke, Berlin, to his mother.

1752

Pembroke attended the review – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32730, fo. 116–17, Pembroke, Leipzig, to Newcastle.

1754

Villiers and Nuneham visit the arsenal – LMA, Acc. 510/254, George Bussy Villiers, later 4th earl of Jersey’s Grand Tour journal, fo. 39.

1765

Holroyd views the military parades and discipline – Brit. Libr., Add. MS 34887, fo. 181, 7 November 1765, Holroyd, Berlin, to Mrs Atkinson; Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 185, 23 December 1765, Holroyd, Hanover, to Baker.

1777

Yorke views the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 101, 23 October 1777, Yorke, Dresden, to Hardwicke.

Berne

1743–4

Richard Aldworth Neville and friends visit the arsenal – BRO, MS. D/EN/F.54–5, Richard Aldworth Neville’s Grand Tour journal, 1743–4.

1779

Yorke toured the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 3 June 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Bergen-Op-Zoom

1752

Ellis observed and reported on all the Austrian and French frontiers and defences – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32727, fo. 196, 16 May 1752, W. Ellis, Calais, to Newcastle; Add. MS. 32728, fos. 41–2, 30 June 1752, Ellis, The Hague, to Newcastle.

1776

Lewisham and Charles view the fortifications – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 27 June 1776, Lewisham, The Hague, to Dartmouth.

Besancon

1744

Townshend views the fortress – NAM, MS. 6806-41-1-2, George Townsend’s Autobiographical Account of his Life.

1763

Holroyd toured the fortifications – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 145, 23 February 1764, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Mrs Holroyd.

1763

Lady Spencer visited the citadel – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 75744, Lady Spencer’s entry in Lady Margaret Spencer (née Poyntz) and William Poyntz’s shared travel journal, fo. 7.

Breda

1737

Spence and Trevor viewed the prince of Orange’s army – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 180.

1776

Lewisham and Charles view the fortifications – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 27 June 1776, Lewisham, The Hague, to Dartmouth.

Brunswick

1777

Yorke views the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 9 September 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Brussels

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [no date] July 1736, Richard Pococke, Amsterdam, to his mother.

1737

Spence and Trevor toured the arsenal – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 181.

1777

Yorke toured the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 25 June 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Buckeborug

1765

Holroyd views troops – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 187, 10 January 1766, Holroyd, The Hague, to Mrs Holroyd.

Calais

1730

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, pp. 29–30.

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] June 1736, Richard Pococke, Calais, to his mother.

1754

Villiers and Nuneham view fortifications, garrisons and siege marks – LMA, Acc. 510/254, George Bussy Villiers, later 4th earl of Jersey’s Grand Tour journal, fo. 1.

1775

Lewisham and William attend a review – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 20 July 1775, Lewisham, Paris, to Dartmouth.

Cambrai

1731/32

Mitchell visited the citadel and garrison – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 58314, Andrew Mitchell’s travel journal, fo. 5.

The Camp of Kaltenherber – War of Austrian Succession

1743

Richard Aldworth Neville and friends attend a live camp – BRO, MS. D/EN/F.54–5, Richard Aldworth Neville’s Grand Tour journal, 1743–4.

Camp, Kollin

1754

Richmond visited the military camp of Kollin – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32736, fos. 219–22, 12 August 1754, Abraham Trembley, Kollin, to Newcastle.

Camp, Moldar/Lfenays Camp – War of Spanish Succession

1707

Compton, Hay and friends stayed at the Moldar Camp and accompanied troops marching to battle stations– Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 38507, 18 July 1707, Dr James Hay, Rotterdam, to the earl of Northampton; 27 July 1707, Dr James Hay, the Moldar Camps, to the earl of Northampton; 15 August 1707, Dr James Hay,Brussels, to the earl of Northampton; 7 August 1707, Dr James Hay, Brussels, to the earl of Northampton; 15 August 1707, Dr James Hay, Brussels, to the earl of Northampton.

Camps, Mantua: French and German military camps, 1734 – War of Polish Succession

1734

Sir Hugh Smithson, Sir Harry Lydall and many English tourists visited both armies in the field – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 22987, 12 June 1734, Pococke, Milan, to his mother; 21 June 1734, Pococke, Milan, to his mother; 15 June 1734, Pocoke, Turin, to his mother.

Camp, the Rhine – The Austrian Army on the Rhine, 1744

1744

George Townshend visited the Austrian Army in the field – NAM, MS. 6806-41-1-2, George Townshend’s Autobiographical Account of his Life.

Camp, Utrecht countryside – The duke of Cumberland’s Army, 1744 or 1748[?]

Pultney and Douglas visited the duke of Cumberland’s army – Brit. Libr., Egerton 2181, John Douglas’s Short Autobiography, 1776–96.

Chanoise

1778

Yorke toured the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 27 June 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Dole

1763

Holroyd toured the barracks – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 145, 23 February 1764, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Mrs Holroyd.

Doneschinhen

1763

Holroyd viewed the prince of Furstenberg’s troops – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 132, 10 November 1763, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Baker.

Donay

1775

Lewisham and William visited the arsenal – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 31 July 1775, Lewisham, Paris, to Dartmouth.

Dresden

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] November 1736, Richard Pococke, Dresden, to his mother.

1765

Holroyd viewed the siege damage – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 181, 7 November 1765, Holroyd, Berlin, to Mrs Atkinson.

1777

Yorke viewed the arsenal and siege damage – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 10, 16, 17 October 1777, Yorke’s journal.

Dunkirk

1754

Nuneham and Villiers tour a fortification – LMA, Acc. 510/254, 5 June 1754, Villiers’s Tour journal.

1763

Holroyd watched English and French armies demolishing the defences – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 124, 29 July 1763, Holroyd, Paris, to Revd Dr Baker.

Eisenstatt

1778

Yorke toured the fortifications and garrison – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 183, 2 May 1778, Yorke, Vienna, to Hardwicke.

Florence

1732/3

Spence and Middlesex viewed the troops exercising – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 134.

1764

Holroyd viewed a fortress – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 61979, A, 3 October 1764, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

1779

Herbert viewed the regiment – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 9 November 1779, Herbert’s journal.

Frankfurt

1736

Pococke saw the army exercise – Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] October 1736, Richard Pococke, Frankfurt, to his mother.

Fribourg

1743–4

Richard Aldworth Neville and friends viewed the citadel – BRO, MS. D/EN/F.54–5, Richard Aldworth Neville’s Grand Tour journal, 1743–4.

1763

Holroyd viewed the regiment – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 132, 10 November 1763, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Revd Dr Baker.

‘French Flanders’

1753/4

Richmond saw fortifications, mines and other military sites – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32734, fo. 81, 25 January 1754, Charles Lennox, 3rd duke of Richmond and Lennox, Leyden, to Newcastle.

1762

Holroyd attended reviews and fortifications across this region – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fos. 122–13, 9 May 1763, Holroyd, St Quintin, to Baker.

Geneva

1731

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications and garrison – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 70.

1739

Thomas Gray and Horace Walpole took note of the Genevean’s militia – T. Gray, Correspondence of Thomas Gray, ed. P. J. Toynbee, L. Whibley and H. W. Starr (Oxford, 1971), pp. 123–5.

1779

Yorke toured the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 20 May 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Genoa

1764

Holroyd visited the defence gate and naval port, and reported siege and war stories – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 61979 A, 10 August 1764, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

1764

Gibbon observed the marks of siege and sites of action – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34874, C, c. 1789–90, Edward Gibbon’s memoirs, fo. 29.

1778

Yorke views Lucca as a maritime power – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 238, 22 September 1778, Yorke, Lucca, to Hardwicke.

1779

Herbert viewed the fortifications – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 8 December 1779, Herbert’s journal.

‘Germany’

1776

Lewisham and Charles viewed historical battlefield – SRO, D(W)1778/V/890, 30 July 1776, Charles Gounter Legge, Hanover, to William Legge, 3rd earl of Dartmouth.

Graveline

1730

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 30.

1754

Villiers and Nuneham toured a fortifications – LMA, Acc. 510/254, 5 June 1754, Villiers’s Tour journal.

Hanau

1776

Lewisham and Charles viewed some ‘imaginative fortifications’ – SRO, D(W)1778/V/890, 30 July 1776, Charles Gounter Legge, Hanover, to William Legge, 3rd earl of Dartmouth.

The Hague

1777

Yorke viewed the exercises, reviews, sham fights and manoeuvres – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 43, 16 May 1777, Yorke, The Hague, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 35378, fo. 45, 25 May 1777, Yorke, The Hague, to Hardwicke.

Hanover

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] July 1736, Richard Pococke, Hanover, to his mother.

Konigetaisa Fortress

1777

Yorke visits battlefield – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 24 October 1777, Yorke’s journal.

La Fere

1754

Villiers and Nuneham attempted to see the famous school of artillery – LMA, Acc. 510/254, 9 June 1754, Villiers’s Tour journal.

Leghorn

1764

Holroyd toured the fortifications and watched troops – Brit. Libr., Add. MS 34887, fo. 158, 2 October 1764, Holroyd, Florence, to Mrs Atkinson; Add. MS. 61979 A, 2, 6 September 1764, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

1779

Herbert viewed the armed ships and arsenal – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 25 November 1779, Herbert’s journal.

Lausanne

1763

Holroyd discussed the militia – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 130, 20 October 1763, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Revd Dr Baker.

1763

Gibbon discussed the militia and attended reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34883, fo. 49, 31 May 1763, Edward Gibbons, Lausanne, to Edward Gibbon.

Leipzig

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] November 1736, Richard Pococke, Leipzig, to his mother.

Lille

1737

Spence and Trevor toured the citadel, and viewed the regiment and siege marks – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, pp. 181–2.

1775

Lewisham and William viewed the fortress and regiment – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 31 July 1775, Lewisham, Paris, to Dartmouth

Lisel

1754

Villiers and Nuneham toured the citadel and compared French and Dutch troops – LMA, Acc. 510/254, 6, 7 June 1754, Villiers’s Tour journal.

1763

Holroyd viewed the fortifications – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fos. 122–13, 9 May 1763, Holroyd, St Quintin, to Baker.

1763

Lady Spencer visited the citadel and fortifications – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 75744, Lady Spencer’s entry in Lady Margaret Spencer (née Poyntz) and William Poyntz’s shared travel journal, fo. 1.

Lucca

1732

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications, arsenal and viewed the regiments – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 123.

1764

Holroyd toured the ramparts – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 61979 A, 12 September 1764, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

Lunéville

1772

Francis viewed the troops – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 40759, fo. 2, 22 July 1772, Sir P. Francis’s travel journal.

Luxembourg

1763/67

Lady Spencer visited the fortifications, and her brother visited the fortifications and attended reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 75744, Lady Spencer’s entry and Poyntz’s entry in Lady Margaret Spencer (née Poyntz) and William Poyntz’s shared travel journal, fo. 3.

Marseilles

1733

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortress – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 157.

1780

Herbert viewed the fortifications, regiments and barracks, and dined with the officers – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/6, 30 March–1 April 1780, Herbert’s journal.

Menen

1730/31

Mitchell visited the citadel and magazine – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 58313, Andrew Mitchell’s travel journal, fo. 16.

1737

Spence and Trevor toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 181.

Montfoort

1737

Spence and Trevor toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 172.

Munster

1751

Dartmouth and North viewed the fortifications, citadel, and regiment – SRO, D(W)1778/V/1108, 4 July 1751, Dartmouth’s Grand Tour journal

Namur

1730

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications and garrison – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 30.

1754

Villiers and Nuneham toured the fortifications, but noted the guards were so strict that they were not allowed to look too closely – LMA, Acc. 510/254, 2 September 1754, Villiers’s Tour journal; Acc. 510/237, 23 June 1754, Villiers, Rheims, to Lady Jersey.

Nancy

1767

Poyntz attended regiment and cavalry reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 75744, Lady Spencer’s entry in Lady Margaret Spencer (née Poyntz) and William Poyntz’s shared travel journal, fo. 5.

1772

Francis viewed the fortifications and was shown around by an officer – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 40759, fo. 2, 19 July 1772, Sir P. Francis’s travel journal.

Naples

1779

Herbert viewed the arsenal and attended military reviews, mock forts and sieges – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 26 August, 8, 15 September 1779, Herbert’s journal.

New Brandenburg

1776

Lewisham and Charles viewed the troops and fortifications – SRO, D(W)1778/V/890, 14 August 1776, Charles Legge, New Brandenburg, to Dartmouth.

Nieuport [Nieuwpoort]

1730

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 30.

North Holland

1737

Spence and Trevor toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 173.

Ostend

1730

Spence and Middlesex toured the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 30.

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] June 1736, Richard Pococke, Ostend, to his mother.

Paris

1763

Holroyd tried to see the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 61979 A, 11 July 1763, Holroyd’s Grand Tour journal.

1780

Herbert attended the reviews – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 8 May 1780, Herbert’s journal.

Poleurre

1741

Tate and Dampier observed the fortifications and troops – NRO, WKC 7/46/13–4. 17 March 1741, Benjamin Tate and Thomas Dampier, Strasbourg, to the Common Room club.

Potsdam

1754

Richmond attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32736, fo. 219–222, 12 August 1754, Abraham Trembley, Kollin, to Newcastle.

1754

Dartmouth and North attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32730, fos. 163–64, 12 July 1752, North, Dresden, to Newcastle.

1765

Holroyd attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 181, 7 November 1765, Holroyd, Berlin, to Mrs Atkinson.

1776

Lewisham and Charles attended the reviews – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 11 August 1776, Lewisham, Berlin, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/874, 4 September 1776, Lewisham, Dresden, to Lady Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/885, 18 August 1776, Stevenson, Berlin, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/885, 19 September 1776, Stevenson, Vienna, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/840, 19 September 1776, Charles Legge, Vienna, to Lady Dartmouth.

Prague

1737

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] January 1737, Richard Pococke, Prague, to his mother.

1754

Richmond attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32736, fo. 219–222, 12 August 1754, Abraham Trembley, Kollin, to Newcastle.

1765

Holroyd attended the reviews and examined the siege damage – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 178, 3 October 1765, Holroyd, Vienna, to Mrs Holroyd; Add. MS. 34887, fo. 181, 7 November 1765, Holroyd, Berlin, to Mrs Atkinson.

1776

Lewisham and Charles attended the reviews – SRO, D(W)1778/V/874, 11 August 1776, Lewisham, Berlin, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/874, 4 September 1776, Lewisham, Dresden, to Lady Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/885, 18 August 1776, Stevenson, Berlin, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/885, 19 September 1776, Stevenson, Vienna, to Dartmouth; D(W)1778/V/840, 19 September 1776, Charles Legge, Vienna, to Lady Dartmouth.

Role

1778

Yorke attended the militia reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36258, 28 May 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Rotterdam

1736

Pococke attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] June 1736, Richard Pococke, Rotterdam, to his mother.

Strasbourg

1775–6

Herbert attended Strasbourg’s military academy – see WSHC, Acc. 2057/F4/27–8 for correspondence and memorandum relating to this period.

Susa

1779

Yorke toured the fortress – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 13 May 1779, Yorke’s journal.

Switzerland

1764

Holroyd wrote a ‘Military dissertation’ on Switzerland’s wars, military and defence – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 147, 15 March 1764, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Revd Dr Baker.

Tortona

1778

Yorke toured the battlefield, fortification and garrison – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 9 September 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Toulon

1733

Spence and Middlesex toured the defences, war port and saw the men-of-war ships – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 157.

1741

Spence and Lincoln were guided around the fort, war port, and men-of-war ships – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 401.

1751–4

Richmond visited the fortifications – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 32734, fo. 81, 25 January 1754, Charles Lennox, 3rd duke of Richmond and Lennox, Leyden, to Newcastle.

Tournay

1737

Spence and Trevor visited the citadel and mines – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 182.

Turin

1707

Compton and Hay attended the reviews – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 38507, 3 April 1709, Dr James Hay, Turin, to the earl of Northampton.

1732

Mitchell visited the fortifications – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 58315, Andrew Mitchell’s travel journal, fo. 8.

1734

Pococke visited the fortifications, citadel, underground mines and the armoury – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 22987, 15 June 1734, Pococke, Turin, to his mother.

1739/40

Spence and Lincoln visited the citadel, mines, sites of battle and marks of bombardment – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, pp. 227–8, 275, 277, 278.

1764

Holroyd toured the citadel and mines – Brit. Libr., Add MS 34887, fo. 156, 4 September 1764, Holroyd, Leghorn, to Mrs Holroyd.

1764

Gibbon toured the citadel and was accompanied by a Sardinian officer during the mountain crossing – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34883, fo. 69, 16 May 1764, Edward Gibbons, Boromeans Islands, to Leger.

1772

Francis visited the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 40759, fo. 2, 13–14 November 1772, Sir P. Francis’s travel journal.

1779

Yorke toured the arsenal, citadel, and viewed regiments – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 36259, 12 May 1779, Yorke’s journal.

1780

Herbert toured the fortifications – WSHC, MS. 2057/F5/7, 23 January 1780, Herbert’s journal.

Venice

1731

Spence and Middlesex visited the arsenal – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 86.

1772

Francis visited the arsenal – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 40759, fo. 2, 13 August 1772, Sir P. Francis’s travel journal.

1778

Yorke viewed the arsenal and attended a naval review – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378 fo. 192, 22 May 1778, Yorke, Venice, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 35378, fo. 204, 3 June 1778, Yorke, Venice, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 36259, 21 May 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Vienna

1737

Pococke watched a live mobilization of the army – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 19939, [n.d.] March 1737, Richard Pococke, Vienna, to his mother.

Vienna

1777–8

Yorke viewed the arsenal, regiments and preparations for war – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 35378, fo. 163, 31 March 1778, Yorke, Vienna, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 35378 fo. 156, 18 March 1778, Yorke, Vienna, to Hardwicke; Add. MS. 36258, 1, 12 January, 28 February, 11, 14, 24, 25, 30, 31 March 1778, Yorke’s journal.

Vienna-Dresden

1765

Holroyd visited various battlefields and camps between these sites – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 178, 3 October 1765, Holroyd, Vienna, to Mrs Holroyd; Add. MS. 34887, fo. 181, 7 November 1765, Holroyd, Berlin, to Mrs Atkinson.

Waarden, near Utrecht

1737

Spence and Trevor visited the fortifications – Spence, Letters from the Grand Tour, p. 172.

Zurich

1763

Holroyd visited the armoury – Brit. Libr., Add. MS. 34887, fo. 132, 10 November 1763, Holroyd, Lausanne, to Revd Dr Baker.