Notes
Index1
Abraham, 60
Abelard, Peter, theologian, 15–17, 45, 57–8, 270
Adam of Balsham, theologian, 24
Adelard of Bath, scientist, 10
Aeterni patris (1879 papal encyclical), 27
afflatus (action by the impulse of the Holy Spirit), 139–40, 151–2
ages of world, 109, 113–14, 121–2, 130, 174
Agostino Nifo, philosopher, 94, 100
Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus) OP, theologian and scholar, 37, 245–6
Albertino Mussato, scholar, 117–118, 132–5
Albi, 180
Alexander IV, pope, 238
Alexander of Hales OFM, theologian, 61
Ambrogio Fiandino OSA, scholar, 93
Ambrose of Milan, theologian, 58, 63, 65
Angelo Clareno OFM, historian and scholar, 161–6
Annales, ‘Annales School’, 10, 24, 272
Anselm of Canterbury, theologian, 1–2, 53
Anselm of Havelberg, prelate, 121
Anselm of Laon, theologian, 2, 16, 61
Aquinas, Thomas OP, theologian and scholar, [see also ‘Thomism’], 15, 27, 30–2, 34, 37, 46, 55, 61, 65, 71–88 passim, 90–1, 92, 93, 99, 103, 104, 105, 111, 144, 167, 201, 247–8, 273, 275
Commentaria in libros Aristotelis… de generatione et corruptione, 79–80, 83
In Metaphysicam Aristotelis commentaria, 78, 80, 86–7, 133
In quattuor libros Sententiarum, 81
Quaestio disputata de spiritualibus creaturis, 75
Quodlibets, 82
Summa contra Gentiles, 76, 81, 93 n.
Summa theologiae, 72, 78–9, 81, 111, 173
Super Epistolas s. Pauli lectura 144
Aristotle, 4, 8, 10, 22, 23, 62, 79, 80–1, 82–3, 86–7, 91, 95, 98, 101, 102, 105, 110–13, 125, 128–9, 131, 133, 134, 135, 264, 271
Analytica posteriora, 10, 110, 131
De generatione et corruptione, 79, 82–3
Ethica Nicomachea, 110–11, 112, 129
Historia animalium, 111
Metaphysica, 80–1, 86–7, 101, 110, 133
Meteora, 102
Problemata, 111–12
Topica, 264
‘Aristotelianism’, 23, 31, 36, 53, 64–5, 95, 96, 102, 106, 260–2, 265–6
Arnaud of Villanova, physician, 122
arts, faculty/masters, 3, 8, 27, 28, 36, 89, 95–102, 105, 106, 188, 270
Assisi, Basilica of Saint Francis, 154
atheism, 94
Augustine of Hippo, theologian, 15, 17, 22, 25, 29, 47, 53, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64–6, 107–10, 112, 114, 117, 119, 121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 135, 144, 146, 147, 164, 225, 267, 269, 270, 274–5
Confessiones, 59
De civitate Dei, 64–65, 108–109, 114, 119, 131
De doctrina Christiana 107
De Genesi ad litteram, 108
De ordine 144
De vera religione 108
Epistulae, 108
Retractationes, 126
Aulus Gellius, scholar, 113
Austin, J. L., 42
Averroes, philosopher, 23, 65, 90, 98, 101, 270
Averroism, 23, 28, 87, 169, 229–30
Avicenna, philosopher, 22, 131, 270
Avignonnet, 186
‘background’ [ see also Searle, John, habitus], 45
Baldwin, J. W., 183, 200–1, 212–13, 216
Bannockburn, battle (1314), 118
Bartac of Puylaurens (William Matfred), 180–3
Bartolomeo of Urbino, OSA 63
Bartolomeo Spina OP, theologian, 93
Basil of Caesarea, ascetic, 146, 164
Bayle, Pierre, 94
Bede, 118
Begriffsgeschichte (history of concepts), 14
Benedict XI OP, pope, 239
Benedict of Nursia, hermit, 54, 146, 164
Benedictine Order [ see also Celestines], 142, 147, 162, 164, 166
Berengard of Landorre OP, 121
Bernard Engelbert, heretic, 180
Bernard Gui OP, historian, scholar, 120–1, 183–184, 185, 195
Bernard of Clairvaux OC, theologian, 16, 54–5, 143, 164, 230, 258–259
Berthaud of Saint Denis, theologian, 225–6
Bertrandus de Farico, scribe, 180–1
Béziers, 168
Bianchi, Luca, 227
Bible, 56–7, 58, 62, 92–3, 120, 121, 152, 158, 164, 189, 216, 251, 263, 265, 269, 270, 275
‘Biblical-moral tendency’ 22, 200, 215, 216
Biller, Peter, 6, 7, 21, 44, 270
Bivolarov, Vasil, 178–9
Blackadder, 190
body, bodies, 71–88 passim
Boethius, scholar, 108, 114, 115, 117, 124–9, 130, 132–133
Boethius (Pseudo-), De disciplina scolarium, 119
Boethius of Dacia, arts master, 97
Bologna, university of, 36, 95, 96, 106, 188, 189
Bonaventure of Bagnoregio OFM, theologian, 4, 25, 122, 169, 173, 249, 269–70, 271
Bonaventure (Pseudo-), 263
Boniface VIII (Benedetto Caetani/Benedict Gaetani), pope, 61, 112, 162, 165, 227, 229–31, 238
Bossy, John, 43
Bourdieu, Pierre [see also habitus], 29, 45, 46–7
Boureau, Alain, 4, 7–8, 28, 218, 272
Bynum, Caroline Walker, 16, 19, 20, 21
Cabochiens, political group, 256
Cahors, 212
Calabria, 162
calendar, Jewish, 120
Calvin, John, reformer, 275
Cambridge, university of, 236
‘Cambridge School’, 24
Can Grande della Scala, lord of Verona, 117
canon law [ see also Gratian], 2, 54, 57, 58, 61, 139–40, 143–4, 149, 163, 192–3, 205, 212, 219, 220, 221, 233, 236, 237, 243–5, 251 n., 270, 271, 276
Carmelite Order [ see also confession, mendicants], 66, 257
Cassian, John, ascetic, 54, 108, 274
Cassiodorus, scholar, 108
Cathars [see also heresy], 14, 189–90, 205–6, 208
Cato, 126
causes, 124–30
Celestine V, pope, 162, 165, 166, 175–6
Celestines, 162, 166, 175–6, 262
censure [ see also Condemnations], 226–227, 240–241
chance, 124–129
charisma, 145–55 passim, 160, 166–8, 271
charisma, Max Weber’s definition, 146–7, 148, 149, 151
Charles II, king of Naples, 165
Charles VI, king of France, 255–6
Chaucer, Geoffrey, poet, 20
Christ, Christ’s body, 77, 81–4, 86–8, 273
Chrysostom Javelli OP, theologian, 94, 100
church (ecclesia/Ecclesia) as institution [see also universitas], 2, 40, 140–2, 174, 207, 208, 214
Church Fathers [ see also Augustine, Ambrose, Jerome, Gregory I], 53–69 passim, 269–70
Feast of (1298), 61
Cistercian Order, 14, 142–3, 154
Clanchy, Michael, 14, 16, 21–2
Clare of Assisi, reformer, 143–4
Clement IV (Guy Foulques/Foucois), pope, 187, 193
Clement V, pope, 239
commentary (incl. expositio, lectura, postilla), as technique/object, 2–3, 10, 29, 38, 41, 56, 64–5, 69, 71–88 passim, 101–2, 113–18, 119–120, 128, 130, 131, 133, 162–3, 165, 167, 174, 183, 188–9, 192–3, 217, 236, 238, 245–6, 247, 249, 250 nn., 251, 265–6, 270–1, 275
Compagni, Perrone, 104
Condemnations (Paris, 1277) [see also censure, Paris], 8, 97–8, 226, 231
confession, 206, 236–52 passim, 273
Omnis utriusque sexus (1215), conciliar canon regulating confession, 237–52 passim
Etsi animarum (1254), bull regulating confession, 238
Ad fructus uberes (1281), bull regulating confession, 238
Super cathedram (1300), bull regulating confession, 238–9
Inter cunctas (1304), bull regulating confession, 239
Dudum (1312), bull regulating confession, 239–40
Vas electionis (1321), bull regulating confession, 240, 249
Conrad of Offida OFM, 165, 175
consolamentum (heretical), 180
contracts [ see also vows, Peter John Olivi], 170, 174
Corran, Emily, 21, 43–4, 270, 273
correction, 71–88 passim, 208, 209
Councils, regional church, 187, 214–15
Bordeaux (1214), 212–13, 214, 215
Toulouse (1229), 181
Councils, Ecumenical
Lateran, Third (1179), 213
Lateran, Fourth (1215) [see also under confession], 37, 190, 199, 213–14, 236–7, 244–5
Lyons, second (1274), 161, 166
Constance (1414–1418), 42, 253–68 passim
Lateran, Fifth (1513), 98–9, 100
Trent (1545–1563), 275
Courtney, William, 24
Crusade, 207
Albigensian (1209–1226), 42, 190, 199, 212
Damietta, 199
d’Avray, David, 6, 9, 33–6, 48
Decretum, see Gratian
de Wulf, Maurice, 23
di Napoli, Giovanni, 94
Descola, Philippe, 66–67
Dominic, reformer, 154, 168, 185
Dominic of Baretge OP, 184
Dominican Order [ see also confession, mendicants], 6–7, 14, 22, 25–9, 30, 31, 34–3, 37–38, 60, 71–88 passim, 113–14, 118, 130–1, 154, 181–95, 213, 217, 235–52 passim, 273
as institution, 119–24
history writing, 120–4
Donation of Constantine, 134
Dossat, Yves, 179
Dronke, Peter, 3
Dufal, Blaise, 21, 29, 270, 272
Duns Scotus, John OFM, theologian, 23, 26, 65, 96, 104, 105, 275
Edward I, king of England, 118, 123
Edward II, king of England, 118, 123
Ehrle, Franz, 23
encyclopaedias, encyclopaedism, 31–3, 62, 120
England, kings of, 113, 118, 120–1, 123–4, 130
Eudes Rigaud OFM, prelate, 2
Eutropius, historian, 117
Exchequer, English, 12–13
excommunication, 207, 210, 212, 223, 226, 231, 232, 273
Ezekiel, 220
Ezra, 128
Ezzelino (III) da Romano, lord of Treviso, 117
faith [ see also heresy, believer], 193–4
al-Farabi, 92
Ferdinand of Naples, king of Aragon, 134
Ferrara, 95
Ferrier OP, inquisitor, 180, 182, 191
Feuchter, Jörg, 185
Fitzpatrick, Antonia, 6, 21, 33, 217, 270, 273
fortune, 124–9
Foucault, Michel, 272
Foulques, Guy (Foucois, Gui) see Clement IV
Francis of Assisi, reformer, 20, 146, 147, 149, 152, 157–60, 163
as ‘another Christ’ (alter Christus), 174
Testamentum, 20, 150, 152, 157–60, 163
Franciscan Order [ see also confession, mendicants], 5, 11–12, 20, 23, 25–9, 30, 34–36, 60, 71–88 passim, 157–76 passim, 213, 217, 273
Quo elongati (1230), bull regulating Franciscans, 150, 160
Exiit qui seminat (1279), bull regulating Franciscans, 169, 230
Legenda trium sociorum, 157
Regula (rule), 20–1, 147, 150, 152, 158, 160–161, 162, 158–66, 169–72, 174–6, 230
‘spirituals’ [ see also Angelo Clareno, Peter John Olivi, Ubertino da Casale], 122, 165, 166, 168, 172, 175, 263, 271
usus pauper 171
François of Meyronnes OFM, theologian, 64
fraticelli, 166
Friedman, Russell, 25–9, 74–5, 88, 275
Ibn Gabirol, philosopher, 92
Galbraith, V. H., 21–2
Gasparo Contarini, diplomat, 94
geneaology, genealogical approach, [see also Nietzsche, Friedrich] 31–3, 67
Geoffrey of England OP, 184
Geoffrey of Monmouth, historian, 123, 129
Geoffrey of Poitiers, theologian, 222
Gerard of Fracheto OP, hagiographer, 121
Gerhoh of Reichersberg, theologian, 121
Giles of Rome OSA, theologian, 112
Gilson, Étienne, 23
Giovannino of Mantua OP, scholar, 133
Girolamo Natale OP, 89
gloss, as object/technique [see also commentary], 2, 37, 61, 82, 125
Godfrey of Fontaines, theologian, 226, 231–232
Goering, Joseph, 251
Gombrich, E. H., 48 n.
Gottschalk, theologian, 274, 275
Gramsci, Antonio, 7
‘Gratian’, canonist, 2, 58, 139, 143–4, 149, 220, 221, 270, 271
Gregory IX, pope, 3, 143, 149, 160, 181, 192
Gregory of Nazianzus, hermit and theologian, 164
‘Gregorian reform’ (Pope Gregory VII), 59, 214
habitus [ see also Bourdieu, Pierre ; Panofsky, Erwin], 45, 46–7, 55, 69
Heidelberg, university of, 99
Henry II, king of England, 123
Henry VII, emperor of Rome, 118
Henry of Friemar OSA, theologian, 66
Henry of Ghent, theologian, 227, 228–31
Henry of Harclay, theologian, 122, 123, 127, 129
Hereford, 11
heresy [ see also Cathars, Waldensians], 75–6, 82, 93, 177, 179–95 passim, 202–3
believer in (credens) [ see also faith], 187, 192–4
Hethum II, king of Armenia, 162
Hincmar of Reims, prelate and theologian, 274, 275
Hippocrates, physician, 92
history, as discipline [ see also chance, causes, fortune, medicine], 107–35 passim
Hobbins, Daniel, 261–2
Honorius III, pope, 160, 163, 199
Honorius Augustodunensis, theologian, 121
Hostiensis, canonist, 224
Hrabanus Maurus, theologian, 108
Hugh of St Victor, theologian, 57, 59, 120, 146, 193, 215
Hugolino of Segni see Gregory IX
Humbert of Romans OP, scholar, 38, 120, 122
ideas, history of, 6–9
Innocent III, pope, 12, 159, 163, 201
Innocent IV, pope, 238
individuals
historiography of, 15–21
in relation to institutions [see also specific chapters, institutions and schools], 19–21, 25, 95–101, 106, 107, 128–9, 144–55 passim, 172, 217
institution
as symbolic system [ see also totems], 66–9, 153–5
defined canonically, 54
defined linguistically [ see also Searle, John], 43–4
institution/organization contrast/pairing, 2–3, 10–14, 39–42, 150–1
institutionalization, 40–2
inquisition (heretical)
confession of faults (culpa), 185–6
constituent elements, 179
deposition, as object/technique, 179–83, 194, 195
formula for interrogation (formula interrogatorii), 184
institutional status, 177–9, 191, 195
legal advice about (consilium), 187
Spanish, unexpected, 177
Iogna-Prat, Dominique, 40–1
Iribarren, Isabel, 21, 41, 270
Isidore of Seville, encyclopedist, 116, 118
Ivo of Chartres, canonist, 59, 149
Jacobus Arminius, theologian, 275
Jacobus de Voragine OP, hagiographer, 60
Jacques Fouquier, theologian, 63
Jansenism, 275
Jean Bassandi, Celestine, 262
Jean de Berry, 255–6
Jean Gerson, theologian and scholar, 4, 41–2, 253–68 passim
Considérations sur saint Joseph, 267–8
Declaratio compendiosa, 260–2, 264
Josephina, 253–68 passim
Jean Petit, theologian, 256
Jepthath [ see also vow], 203–4
Jerome of Catalonia, 165
Jerome of Stridon, theologian, 58, 59, 65, 211
Joachim of Fiore, theologian, 121, 122, 123
Joan of Arc, 261 n.
John, king of England, 123, 190, 199
John XXII, pope, 63, 114, 121, 124, 162, 163, 172, 239, 246–7, 249
John Baconthorpe, Carmelite, theologian, 64
John Grandisson, bishop, 250
John Lenham, confessor, 123
John of Drokensford (Droxford), courtier, 123
John of Freiburg OP, theologian, 223
John of Paris OP (Jean Quidort), theologian, 72, 82–4, 86, 87, 88, 122
John of Rupescissa OFM, scholar, 175
John of St Giles, 188
John of St Michel OP, 184
John of Pouilly, theologian, 238, 240–2, 243, 244, 249
John of Salisbury, scholar, 132
John of Wales OFM, scholar 113
John Peckham OFM, theologian and prelate, 71, 77, 87, 169, 227
John Ridevall OFM, mythographer, 64
John the Baptist, 149, 256, 265
John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur), duke of Burgundy, 256
John Wyclif, theologian, 274
Joseph, Christ’s father ( see also Mary, Jean Gerson), 254–8, 262–3, 265–8
Justin, 117
Kafka, Franz, 12
Kelly, Henry Ansgar, 177–8
Kempshall, Matthew, 21, 31, 270
Kieckhefer, Richard, 177–9
Konstellationsforschung (research on ‘intellectual constellations’), 29
Kristeller, Paul Oskar, 94
Lactantius, apologist, 108
Landau, Peter, 139–40
Lanfranc, prelate and scholar, 142
language game (Sprachspiel), 45, 47–8
Larsen, Andrew E., 241
law [ see also canon law, Roman law], 134–5, 205
Le Goff, Jacques, 7–9, 20, 272
Leo, follower of Francis of Assisi, 160, 174–5
Compilatio Assisiensis, 160, 163
Liber florum, 62
Linde, Cornelia, 21, 33, 37, 217, 270, 273
Livy, 114, 116–18, 119, 130–1, 132–3
Lorenzo Valla, scholar, 134
Louis IX, king of France, 20
Louis, duke of Orléans, 256
Lovato dei Lovati, scholar, 133
Lucan, 126
Lucania, 166
Luhmann, Niklas, 30, 36–9, 201 n., 272–3
Luther, Martin OSA, reformer, 275
Machiavelli, Niccolò, diplomat and scholar, 274
MacIntyre, Alasdair [ see also traditions], 30–3, 44
Mantua, 95
Marenbon, John, 4, 9, 21, 24, 36, 270
Margaret of Brabant, princess and duchess, 123
Marmursztejn, Elsa, 218–19, 233
Marsilio Ficino, scholar, 90
Marsilius of Padua, master of arts, 133
Martin of Troppau OP, scholar, 120, 121
Martin Porée, prelate, 256
Marx, Karl, 43
Mary, mother of Christ [ see also Jean Gerson, Joseph], 253–9, 262, 265, 267–8, 270–1, 274
Mary of Woodstock OSB, princess, 123
masters, of university [ see also arts, theology], 226–34
Matthew Paris, monk and historian, 123, 129
medicine [ see also history], 134–5
Melville, Gert, 6, 13, 21, 37–9, 271
mendicant orders [ see also Augustinian Orders, Carmelites, Dominicans, Franciscans, confession], 21, 25, 28–9, 34–6, 41, 55, 64, 65, 66, 73, 96, 188, 191, 205 n., 219, 226–8, 231, 232, 236–52 passim
Michael Monachus OFM, inquisitor, 172
Michael of Ephesus, scholar, 101
Minerve, 190
minoritas (worthlessnes/inferiority), 158–159
Mojsisch, Burkhard, 94
Montauban, 190
Monte Cassino, 164
Moses, 92
Naples, 165
Neoplatonism, 23
Nicholas of Bar, prelate, 224
Nicholas of Prato OP, prelate, 114, 122
Nicholas of Wisbech OP, confessor, 123–4
Nicholas Trevet OP, scholar, 31, 65, 107–35 passim, 270
Annales, 113–14, 115, 118, 123, 124, 128–9, 130, 132
Commentum in Psalterium, 128
Computus Hebraeorum, 120
De officii Missae, 123
Expositio super decem libros
Expositio super Titum Livium, 114, 117
Expositio super tragedias Senece, 114, 116, 117
Historia (Chronicles), 114, 115, 118, 119, 128–9, 130
In libros Augustini De civitate Dei, 114, 119, 131
Quaestiones, 127
Super Boetio De Consolatione, 114– 15, 126–7
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 32
Niort family (Languedoc), 182
nominalism 23
Norbert of Xanten, reformer, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151
Noyon, 199
Oliger, Livier OFM, 165
Omnis utriusque sexus (1215), bull regulating confession see confession
Opicino de Canestris, scholar, 12–13, 18
Orderic Vitalis, monk and historian, 109
ordo temporum (order of time, structure of time), 107–9, 128–30
Origen, theologian, 76
Orosius, historian, 115, 117, 121
university of, 3, 10–11, 27, 95, 96, 97, 113, 114, 127, 235–6, 252
institutional interplay with Dominican Order, 252
Padua
bishop of, 98
Dominican convent, 133
Paris [ see also Condemnations]
College of the Treasurer, 28
Dominican convent, 113, 130, 188
Franciscan convent, 169
Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois, 258
Sorbonne (College of ), 28, 224
university of, 3, 10-11, 22, 23, 24–5, 27–9, 36, 38, 44, 96, 97–8, 114, 168, 188–9, 199, 218–19, 224, 226, 245, 248, 253
Parmeggiani, Riccardo, 178
pastoral care [ see also confession], 37, 43–4, 199–216 passim, 217–34 passim, 237–52 passim
Paul, apostle, 152
Paulo dei Pilastri OP, 130
penitence, penitential literature, 217– 233 passim
Pericles, 134
Peter Comestor, theologian, 120
Peter of Abano, scholar, 111, 112, 133
Peter of Alès OP, inquisitor, 180, 182, 184, 193–4
Peter John Olivi OFM, theologian, 38, 85 n., 122, 164–5, 167–76, 227, 263, 271
definition of institution, 172–6
Lectura super Apocalypsim, 167, 174
Quaestiones de perfectione evangelica, 169–170
Quid ius ponat?, 173–4
Peter Seila (Cellan, Sellan) OP, inquisitor, 184, 185–6, 190, 195
Peters, Edward, 177
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), poet, 15, 17, 19
Peter the Chanter, theologian, 22, 37, 199, 200, 201, 204–5, 209, 221–3, 233, 234, 270
Summa de sacramentis, 201, 204, 221
Verbum adbreviatum, 189–90, 203, 211, 221
Peter Lombard, theologian, 2, 58, 173, 193, 215, 235, 245, 249, 250, 269, 270, 275
Peter of Poitiers, theologian, 211–2 n.
Philip II, king of France, 199
Philip IV, king of France, 219
philosophy, history of, 8–9
Pierre des Vaux de Cernay, historian, 212
Piers Gaveston, earl, 123
Pietro Pomponazzi, philosopher, 36, 89–106 passim, 270
Pine, Martin, 94
Piron, Sylvain, 12, 18, 21, 38–9, 271, 272
Plato [ see also Neoplatonism, Pietro Pomponazzi], 62, 76, 90, 125, 274
Pliny, 92
Pompeius Trogus, scholar, 117
Pons of Saint-Gilles OP, inquisitor, 185
Potestà, Gian Luca, 164–165
Powicke, Maurice, 21–22
practice, practices [see also habitus, language game, background, inquisition, questions, quodlibet], 41, 44–8, 201, 219–20, 233–4
Pseudo-Dionysius, theologian, 174
Ptolemy of Lucca OP, scholar, 130–1
publicity, public knowledge, 206–7, 209, 220
Python, Monty, 177
questions, disputed, as object/ technique, 5, 41, 87, 97, 113, 127, 167, 171–2, 201, 218, 226, 229–31, 233, 236–8, 241, 244, 249, 272, 274, 276
Quintilian, rhetorician, 108
Quinto, Riccardo, 4, 222, 233–4, 271–2
quodlibet, as object/technique, 41, 43–4, 113, 127, 217–19, 222–3, 224–8, 231, 233–4, 240
Ralph de Diceto, historian, 122
rational choice theory, 211
rationality, rationalities, 33–6
Raymond V, count of Toulouse, 185
Raymond VI, count of Toulouse, 185, 190
Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, 185
Raymond Barrau OFM, 168
Raymond Geoffrey OFM, 162
Raymond of Carlipa, heretic, 180
Raymond of Peñafort OP, canonist, 223–4, 225, 233, 270
realism, 23
Reformation, 274
Rhône, river, 167
Richard I, king of England, 185
Richard Knapwell OP, theologian, 72, 81–2, 87–8
Richard of Bury, bishop, 235
Richard FitzRalph, theologian, 250, 254
Richard of Mediavilla OFM, 228, 229, 231
Richard of St Victor, theologian, 58
Robert Grosseteste, prelate, theologian and scholar, 1–2, 26
Robert Holcot OP, theologian, 37, 63, 235–52 passim, 270, 273
Robert Kilwardby OP, theologian and prelate, 131
Robert of Arbrissel, hermit and preacher, 146, 149, 151
Robert of Courson, theologian and prelate, 3, 27, 37, 199–216 passim, 221–3, 270
Robert of Flamborough, theologian, 211 n.
Roberto of Mileto OFM, 165
Robert of Molesme, hermit and reformer, 142, 154
Robert of Torigni, historian, 122
Robert of Winchelsea, prelate, 124
Robert Orford OP, theologian, 72, 84–8
Rodez, 212
Roger Marston OFM, theologian, 87
Roensch, Frederick J., 73–4, 88
Roger of Wendover, historian, 123, 129
Rolando of Cremona OP, theologian, 44, 177, 184–5, 188–93, 194, 270
Romano Bonaventura, cardinal, 181
Roscelin, theologian, 16
Rouen, 28
Rufinus, companion of Francis of Assisi, 157
Rufinus of Aquileia, scholar, 115
rules, rule-following [ see also confession, habitus, practice, Franciscans, vows], 3, 20–1, 37–8, 39, 42–3, 45–7, 54, 142–55 passim, 161, 202–3, 208–209, 210–11, 214, 222, 223, 233
Rupert of Deutz, theologian, 57, 59, 121
Ibn Rushd see Averroes
Sabapathy, John, 21, 37, 270, 273
Sackville, Lucy, 178
sacrament, 40, 141, 153, 173, 200, 201, 214, 216, 221, 237 n., 245–8, 268
St Victor, school of [ see also Hugh and Richard], 57–8, 61
Sallust, historian, 117–18, 131
San Damiano, Assisi, 157
San Nicolò, Piazza, 158
San Stefano in Monte Celio, 199
scandal, 201, 204–10, 220–4, 226–8, 231–4
schools (of thought), 21–9, 74–5, 88, 217
Searle, John, 42–8
Seneca, writer, 92, 112, 114, 115–17, 119, 124, 131, 132–3
Sicily, 162
Siger of Brabant, arts master, 28, 97
Silvestro Mazzolini, scholar, 93
Simon of Beaulieu, master, 219
Simone Fidati da Cascia, OSA, preacher, 166
Simonides, poet, 92
Ibn Sina see Avicenna
Slotemaker, John T., 250
Solomon, 209
Sorbonne see Paris
soul, 71–88 passim, 89–106 passim
Southern, R. W., 1–4, 6, 10–11, 19, 21–2, 23, 37, 41, 215–16
Statius, poet, 117
Stephen Langton, prelate and theologian, 22, 123, 124, 200 n., 222, 237 n., 222
Stephen of Muret, hermit and reformer, 146, 147, 153, 154
Stephen of Obazine, hermit, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152
Stephen Tempier, theologian, and prelate, 8, 13, 97, 226, 229–30
Stephen of Tournai, canonist, 57
Stock, Brian, 28
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 195
Strasbourg, 113
Subiaco, monastery, 162, 164, 166
summa, as technique/object, 37, 41, 47, 61, 72, 77, 81, 111, 188–9, 193, 201–2, 213–16, 220, 221–2, 223, 224, 269–70, 271, 273
Sylvester (early follower of Francis), 159
Sylwanowicz, Michael, 275
systems thinking, 36–8, 201–2, 206, 215–16, 272–3
Tacitus, historian, 112–13
Talmud, 230
theology, as object of study 3, 4, 5, 8, 10–11, 14, 22, 23, 25–7, 35, 37, 44, 56–7, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 69, 72, 74–8, 83, 96–7, 101, 102, 105, 133, 140, 158, 169, 170, 184–5, 187, 188–9, 191, 192, 193–4, 199, 200, 213, 214, 217, 222–3, 236 n., 251, 262, 263, 266, 270, 271, 275–6
faculties/masters, 24, 27, 28, 29, 87, 96–7, 101, 102, 105, 113, 177, 188–9, 194, 217, 218–20, 222–3, 224, 225–6, 226–32, 233–4, 235, 238, 250, 251, 252
Thomas Becket, prelate, 123, 124
Thomas of Ireland OFM, theologian, 63
Thomas Jorz OP, prelate, 122
Thomas of Lancaster, earl, 118
Thomism [ see also Aquinas], 23, 71–88 passim, 96
Thucydides, general and historian, 134
Tolomeo Fiadoni see Ptolemy of Lucca totems, totemism, 66–9
Council of (1229), 181
Dominican convent, 44, 120, 183–4, 186, 188, 191, 192
St Sernin, 191
traditions [ see also MacIntyre, Alasdair], 25–9, 30–3, 44, 203
truth, triple (of life, doctrine, justice), 204–5, 221
Ubertino de Casale OFM, theologian, 262–3
Urban II, pope, 152
universitas (group, collective) [see also church], 140–1
Valerius Maximus, writer, 117, 131, 132
van Steenberghen, Fernand, 23
Venice, 93
Vienna, university of, 99
Vincent of Beauvais OP, encyclopedist, 33, 62, 111, 120, 121
vows [ see also Peter John Olivi, contracts], 39, 142–3, 146, 163, 169–70, 171–2, 203–4, 207
Waldensians [ see also heresy], 187, 189, 191, 212
Walter Chatton OFM, philosopher and theologian, 249
Walter of Bruges OFM, theologian and prelate, 63
Weber, Max [ see also charisma], 30, 154, 178
Wei, Ian P., 218
Werner, Karl, 23
Whitehead, Alfred North, 45
William Arnold OP, inquisitor and
William de la Mare OFM, theologian, 72, 74, 76–8, 81, 86, 88
William of Auvergne, theologian and prelate, 222
William of Auxerre, theologian, 189, 193
William of Bardeney, master, 24
William of Champeaux, theologian and prelate, 16
William of Mâcon, prelate, 219
William of Newburgh, historian, 109, 122
William of Ockham OFM, philosopher and theologian, 15, 249
William Pelhisson OP, inquisitor and historian, 183–5, 186, 188, 191–2
William of Puylaurens, historian, 181–2
William of Rennes OP, canonist, 225
Witt, Jeffrey C., 250
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 47–8
‘word-to-world fit’/‘world-to-word fit’ [ see also Searle, John], 42–4
Zahora, Tomas, 25
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1 Medieval names are indexed by first name except where prevalent modern usage makes this perverse (e.g. Peter Abelard under ‘Abelard’, not ‘Peter’). Names have generally been anglicized. In a volume of this sort where concepts like institution, organization, etc. are pervasive it is difficult to strike a balance between excess and parsimony, but we have tried to do so.