Note from the authors

Since this book largely addresses multilingualism and translation, it is important to begin with some considerations on language.

All translations from Esperanto, French and German into English are our own, unless otherwise noted. Most translated quotes appear alongside the original in the main text. For lengthier quotes, we have decided to keep the original Esperanto – and some French – in the main text, to give readers a flavour of Esperanto and of the multilingual exchanges that our book focuses on. Translations are provided in the footnotes.

References abbreviated as ‘John Beveridge Collection’ in footnotes refer to documents held at the University of St Andrews Special Collections, which served as our primary archive for source material.