List of figures

Figure 1.1: Postcard sent from Harmanli, Bulgaria, to John Beveridge, 1908. The photograph shows the town of Harmanli, Bulgaria, and the Maritsa River, c. 1908. Source: John Beveridge Collection, Ms36242/114. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms36242-ms36244

Figure 1.2: Postcard sent from Harmanli, Bulgaria, to John Beveridge, 1908. Source: John Beveridge Collection, Ms36242/114. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms36242-ms36244

Figure 1.3: Postcard sent from Kymi, Finland, to John Beveridge, 1910. The photograph shows Hugo Salokannel. Source: John Beveridge Collection, Ms364242/116. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms36242-ms36244

Figure 1.4: Postcard sent from Kymi, Finland, to John Beveridge, 1910. The photograph shows a group of Esperanto speakers on a boat on the Gulf of Finland, 1910. Source: John Beveridge Collection, Ms36242/172. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms36242-ms36244

Figure 2.1: The Perth Esperanto Club, c. 1908. Source: John Beveridge Collection, Ms38908/17. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms36242-ms36244

Figure 2.2: Group photograph at the Eighth Universal Congress of Esperanto, in Kraków, 1912. Courtesy of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, ID: MHK-Fs12663/IX

Figure 3.1: Some participants of the Universal Congress who travelled from Scotland to Kraków in 1912 (no. 143 in the picture is Jane Baird; no. 144 is John Beveridge). Source: Julius Glück, Jubilea Universala Kongreso Esperantista: Albumo Kraków 1912 (Kraków: Ludowa, 1912), 63. Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: PM8201.C6

Figure 3.2: Group photography at the Fourth Brazilian Congress of Esperanto, in Juiz de Fora, 1911. Courtesy of the Department of Planned Languages, Austrian National Library, ID: Alma466702