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Australia
Federal
| Neill v Hewens (1953) 89 CLR 1 | 65 fn 4 |
| Torrac Investments Pty Ltd v Australian National Airlines Commission [1985] ANZ Conv. R 82 | 78 fn 56 |
New South Wales
| Molodysky v Vema Australia Pty Ltd (1989) NSW ConvR 55446, [1989] AUConstrLawNlr 143 | 79 fn 62 |
Victoria
| Tina Motors Pty Ltd v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd [1977] VR 205 | 11 fn 1 |
Canada
Federal
| R v Fredericton Housing Limited [1973] FC 196, [1973] CTC 160 | 69 fn 24 |
| R v Kapoor 52 CCC (3d) 41 | 23 fn 27 |
| R v Welsford, Re [1967] 2 OR 496, [1968] 1 CCC 1, 2 CRNS 5 | 55 fn 78 |
| Schultz, Re (1984), 8 DLR (4th) 147 | 30 fn 74 |
British Colombia
| Beatty v First Exploration Fund 1987 and Company, Limited Partnership 25 BCLR2d 377 (1988) | 84 fn 89 |
| R v Blumes, 2002 BCPC 45 (CanLII) | 58 fn 88 |
| R v Pearce, 2000 BCSC 0376 | 58 fn 88 |
New Brunswick
| United Canso Oil & Gas Ltd, Re (1980) 12 BLR 130, 76 APR 282, 41 NSR (2d) 282 (TD) | 58 fn 90, 82 fn 76 |
Ontario
| MacDonald v Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada [2006] OJ No 4428 (Sup Ct) (QL), 2006 Can LII 41699 (ON SC) | 53 fn 67 |
| R v Burton [1970] 3 CCC 381, [1970] 2 OR 512, 8 CRNS 269 (Ont HCJ) | 55 fn 77 |
| R v Parkinson [2002] OJ No 5478 (Ct J) (QL) | 58 fn 88 |
Denmark
| Case U.1959.40/1H (2009) | 85 fn 3 |
England and Wales
| Adam v Kerr (1798) 1 B & P 360, 126 ER 952 | 19 fn 4 |
| Adams, In the Goods of (1872) LR 2 P & D 367 | 86 fn 7 |
| Addy v Grix (1803) 8 Ves Jun 185, 32 ER 324 41 | |
| Allen v Bennet (1810) 3 Taunt 169, 128 ER 67 | 48 fn 42 |
| Baker v Dening (1838) 8 AD & E 94, 112 ER 771 | 20 fn 10 |
| Ball v Dunsterville (1791) 4 TR 313, 100 ER 1038 | 42 fn 16 |
| Bartletts de Reya v Byrne [1983] 1WLUK 17, (1983) 133 NLJ 1101, Times, 14 January 1983, (1983) 127 SJ 69, [1983] CLY 3604 | 37 fn 121 |
| Bateman v Pennington (1840) 3 MooPCC 223 | 85 fn 4 |
| Behnke v Bed Shipping Co. [1927] 1 KB 649 | 71 fn 32 |
| Bennett v Brumfitt (1867–68) 3 LRCP 28 | 54 fn 71, 63 fn 108 |
| Blades v Lawrence (1873–74) 9 LRQB 374, (1874) 43 LJR QB 133 | 54 fn 73, 57 fn 87 |
| Blay v Pollard and Morris [1930] 1 KB 628 | 13 fn 6 |
| Bleakley v Smith (1840) 11 Sim 149, 59 ER 831 | 89 fn 3 |
| Blewitt’s Goods, Re (1879–81) 5 PD 116 | 30 fn 69 |
| Borman v Lel [2001] 6 WLUK 189, [2002] WTLR 237, [2002] CLY 4329 also known as: Parsons, In the Estate of | 44 fn 26 |
| British Estate Investment Society Ltd v Jackson (H M Inspector of Taxes) (1954–58) 37 Tax Cas 79, [1956] TR 397, 35 ATC 413, 50 R & IT 33 | 58–59 fn 91 |
| Brown v National Westminster Bank Ltd [1964] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 187, [1964] 6 WLUK 133, [1964] CLY 191 | 11 fn 1 |
| Bryce’s Goods, Re (1839) 2 Curt 325, 163 ER 427 | 20 fn 13 |
| Brydges (Town Clerk of Cheltenham) v Dix (1890–91) 7 TLR 215 | 48 fn 47 |
| Central Motors (Birmingham) v PA & SNP Wadsworth (trading as Pensagain) [1982] 5 WLUK 265, [1983] CLY 6u, [1982] CAT 231, 28 May 1982, (1983) 133 NLJ 555 | 3 fn 12, 13–14 fn 10 |
| Chalcraft’s Goods, Re [1948] P 222, [1948] 1 All ER 700, 65 TLR 246, [1948] 3 WLUK 52, [1948] LJR 1111, (1948) 92 SJ 181, [1947–51] CLY 10955, also known as Chalcraft v Giles | 34 fn 104 |
| Champion v Plummer (1805) 5 Esp 239, 170 ER 798, 1 Bos & P (NR) 252, 127 ER 458 | 48 fn 42 |
| Chichester v Cobb (1866) 14 LTNS 433 | 28 fn 56 |
| Christian Goods, Re (1849) 2 Rob. Ecc. 110, 163 ER 1260 | 29 fn 68 |
| Clark’s Goods, Re (1839) 2 Curt 329, 163 ER 428 | 29 fn 67 |
| Clarke’s Goods, Re (1858) LJR 27 NS P & M 18, 1 Sw & Tr 592, 164 ER 611 | 25 fn 40 |
| Clipper Maritime Ltd v Shirlstar Container Transport Ltd (The ‘Anemone’) [1987] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 546, [1987] 2 WLUK 45, [1987] CLY 1846 | 75 fn 49 |
| Cohen v Roche [1927] 1 KB 169, [1926] 6 WLUK 88 | 33 fn 100 |
| Cooch v Goodman (1842) 2 QB 580, 114 ER 228 | 42 fn 17 |
| Cook, In the Estate of, [1960] 1 WLR 353, [1960] 1 All ER 689, [1960] 2 WLUK 75, 75 ALR2d 892, (1960) 104 SJ 311, [1960] CLY 3327, also known as Murison v Cook | 35 fn 111 |
| Co-operative Bank plc v Tipper [1996] 4 All ER 366, [1995] 11 WLUK 74, Times, 5 July 1996, [1996] CLY 409 | 86 fn 8 |
| Copeland v Smith [2000] 1 WLR 1371, [2000] 1 All ER 457, [1999] 10 WLUK 381, [2000] CP Rep 14, (1999) 143 SJLB 276, Times, 20 October 1999, [1999] CLY 457 | 28 fn 58, 59 fn 95 |
| De Beauvais v Green (1905–06) 22 TLR 816 | 56 fn 80 |
| Debtor (No 2021 of 1995) ex parte, Inland Revenue Commissioners v The Debtor, Re a; Re a Debtor (No 2022 of 1995) ex parte, Inland Revenue Commissioners v The Debtor [1996] 2 All ER 345, [1995] 11 WLUK 290, [1996] BCC 189, [1996] 1 BCLC 538, [1996] BPIR 398, [1996] CLY 3469 | 79 fn 65 |
| Doe d. Phillips, Jones, and Morris v Evans and Lloyd (1833) 1 C & M 450, 149 ER 476, (1833) LJ Ex 2 NS 179 | 43 fn 20 |
| Donnelly v Broughton [1891] AC 435 PC | 21 fn 15 |
| Dormer v Thurland (1728) 2 Eq Ca Abr 663, 22 ER 557, 2 P Wms 506, 24 ER 837 | 39 fn 2 |
| Douce’s, Re the Goods of (1862) 2 Sw & Tr 592, 164 ER 1127 | 25 fn 41 |
| Durrell v Evans (1862) 1 H & C 174, 31 LJ Ex 337, 9 Jur NS 104, 10 WR 665, 7 LT 97, 158 ER 848 Ex Ch | 47 fn 39 |
| Dyas v Stafford [1882] 9 LR Ir 520 | 34 fn 102 |
| Ellis v Smith (1754) 1 Ves Jun 11, 1 Ves Jun Supp 1, 30 ER 205, 34 ER 666 | 40 fn 5 |
| English, Scottish & Australian Chartered Bank, In re [1893] 3 Ch 385 | 72 fn 35 |
| Evans v Hoare [1892] 1 QB 593, (1892) 66 LTR NS 345 | 47 fn 38 |
| Field’s Goods, Re (1843) 3 Curt 752, 163 ER 890 | 20 fn 10 |
| Finn, Re (1935) 105 LJP 36 | 44 fn 26 |
| First National Securities Ltd v Jones [1978] Ch 109, [1978] 2 WLR 475, [1978] 2 All ER 221, [1977] 11 WLUK 24, (1977) 121 SJ 760, Times, 9 November 1977, [1978] CLY 793 | 42 fn 18 |
| Firstpost Homes Ltd v Johnson [1995] 1 WLR 1567, [1995] 4 All ER 355, [1995] 7 WLUK 274, [1996] 1 EGLR 175, [1996] 13 EG 125, (1995) 92(28) LSG 30, (1995) 139 SJLB 187, [1995] NPC 135, Times, 14 August 1995, [1996] CLY 5025 | 69 fn 25 |
| Fitzpatrick v Secretary of State for the Environment and Epping Forest DC [1990] 1 WLUK 107, [1990] 1 PLR 8, (1990) 154 LG Rev 72, [1990] CLY 4361a | 59 fn 94 |
| Geary v Physic (1826) 5 B & C 234, 108 ER 87 | 85 fn 1 |
| George v Surrey (1830) 1 M & M 516, 173 ER 1243 | 19 fn 5 |
| Glover’s Goods (1847), Re 11 Jur 1022, 5 Notes of Cases 553 | 26 fn 43 |
| Godwin v Francis (1870) LR 5 CP 295, 22 LT Rep NS 338 | 70 fn 31 |
| Good Challenger Navegante SA v Metalexportimport SA (The ‘Good Challenger’) [2003] EWHC 10 (Comm), [2003] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 471, [2003] 1 WLUK 69, [2003] CLY 195, appealed [2003] EWCA Civ 1668, [2004] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 67, [2003] 11 WLUK 617, (2004) 101(2) LSG 27, Times, 27 November 2003, [2004] CLY 373 | 76 fn 53 |
| Goodman v J Eban Limited [1954] 1 QB 550, [1954] 2 WLR 581, [1954] 1 All ER 763, [1954] 3 WLUK 22, (1954) 98 SJ 214, [1954] CLY 3173 | 56 fn 81 |
| Grayson v Atkinson (1752) 2 Ves Sen 455, 28 ER 291, Ves Sen Supp 382, 28 ER 556 | 40 fn 7 |
| Harrison v Harrison (1803) 8 Ves Jun 185, 32 ER 324 | 20 fn 12 |
| Henkel v Pape (1870) 6 LR Exch 7 | 71 fn 32 |
| Hill v Hill [1947] 1 Ch 231, [1947] 1 All ER 54, [1946] 12 WLUK 8, 176 LT 216, (1947) 91 SJ 55, [1947–51] CLY 5569 | 30 fn 75 |
| Hindmarch v Charlton (1861) 8 HL Cas 160 | 20 fn 10, 34 fn 106, 35 fn 112 |
| Holtam, Gillet, Re v Rogers (1913) 108 LT 732 | 20 fn 10 |
| Hubert v Treherne (1842) 3 Man & G 743, 133 ER 1338 | 25 fn 39, 45 fn 33 |
| Hucklesby v Hook (1900) 82 LT 117 | 48 fn 43 |
| Jacob v Kirk (1839) 2 M & R 221, 174 ER 269 | 46 fn 36, 48 fn 42 |
| Jefferies v BMI Healthcare Ltd (Human Fertilisation and Embryology) [2016] EWHC 2493 (Fam), [2016] 10 WLUK 243, [2017] 2 FLR 664, [2016] Med LR 656, [2017] CLY 1141 | 30 fn 80 |
| Jenkins v Gainsford and Thring (1863) 3 Sw & Tr 93, 164 ER 1208, (1862–63) 11 WR 854 | 53 fn 68 |
| Johnson v Dogson (1837) 6 LJ Ex 185, 1 Jur 739, 2 M & W 653, Murp & H 271, 150 ER 918 | 33 fn 99 |
| Jones Brothers v Joyner (1900) 82 LTNS 768 | 47 fn 41 |
| Joshua Buckton and Co (Limited) v London and North-Western Railway Company (1917–18) 34 TLR 119 | 46 fn 37 |
| Knight v Crockford (1794) 1 Esp 190, 170 ER 324 | 25 fn 39 |
| Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702, [1956] 2 WLR 502, [1956] 1 All ER 341, [1956] 1 WLUK 543, [1956] 100 SJ 131, [1956] CLY 7545 | 59 fn 93 |
| Leeman v Stocks [1951] 1 Ch 941, [1951] 1 All ER 1043, [1951] 2 TLR 622, [1951] 4 WLUK 30, (1951) 95 SJ 368, [1947–51] CLY 10616 | 47 fn 39 |
| Lemayne v Stanley (1681) 3 Lev. 2, 83 ER 545 | 39 fn 1 |
| L’Estrange v F Graucob Limited [1934] 2 KB 394, [1934] 2 WLUK 22 | 13 fn 6 |
| Lobb and Knight v Stanley (1844) 5 QB 574, 114 ER 1366, (1843–44) Law Times (2) 366 | 32 fn 88, 48 fn 45 |
| Lord Lovelace’s Case (c1632) W Jones 268, 82 ER 140, W Jones 270, 82 ER 141 | 41 fn 14, 42 |
| Lucas v James (1849) 7 Hare 410, 68 ER 170 | 85 fn 5 |
| Luna, The Frances & Jane, The Luna, The [1920] P 22, (1919) 1 Ll L Rep 475, [1919] 12 WLUK 19 also known as: Frances & Jane, The v Luna, The | 13 fn 6 |
| Maddock, In the Goods of (1874) LR 4 P & D 169 | 34 fn 108 |
| McBlain v Cross (1872) LT 804 | 72 fn 33 |
| McDonald v John Twiname Ld [1953] 2 QB 304, [1953] 3 WLR 347, [1953] 2 All ER 589, [1953] 6 WLUK 103, (1953) 97 SJ 505, [1953] CLY 1758 | 55 fn 79 |
| Morrison v Turnour (1811) 18 Ves 174, 34 ER 1204, 18 Ves Jun 175, 34 ER 284 | 33 fn 94 |
| Morton v Copeland (1855) 16 CB 516 | 36 fn 118 |
| Newell v Tarrant [2004] EWHC 772 (Ch), [2004] 4 WLUK 193, (2004) 148 SJLB 509 | 30 fn 77 |
| Parker v The South Eastern Railway Co. (1877) 2 CPD 416 | 13 fn 6 |
| Paske v Ollat (1815) 2 Phill 323, 161 ER 1158 | 20 fn 14 |
| J Pereira Fernandes SA v Mehta [2006] EWHC 813 (Ch), [2006] 1 WLR 1543, [2006] 2 All ER 891, [2006] 1 All ER (Comm) 885, [2006] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 244, [2006] 4 WLUK 182, [2006] Info TLR 203, Times, 16 May 2006, [2006] CLY 774, also known as Metha v J Pereira Fernandes SA | 33 fn 93 |
| Phillimore v Barry (1808) 1 Camp 513, 170 ER 1040 | 27 fn 55 |
| PNC Telecom plc v Thomas [2002] EWHC 2848 (Ch), [2002] 12 WLUK 537, [2003] BCC 202, [2004] BCLC 88, [2003] CLY 532 | 81 fn 75 |
| Propert v Parker [1830] 1 Russ & M 625, 39 ER 240 | 33 fn 95 |
| Pryor v Pryor (1860) LJR 29 NS P, M & A 114 | 13 fn 8 |
| R v Avery (1852) 21 LJQB 430 | 30 fn 79 |
| R v Cowper (Fitzroy) (1890) 24 QBD 533, [1890] 2 WLUK 7, (1890) 59 LJKB (NS) 265 | 52 fn 64 |
| R v Cowper (Fitzroy) (1889) 24 QBD 60, [1889] 12 WLUK 4 | 52 fn 64 |
| R v Morais (Carlton) [1988] 3 All ER 161, [1988] 3 WLUK 82, (1988) 87 Cr App R 9, (1988) 152 JP 355, [1988] Crim LR 459, (1988) 152 JPN 383, [1988] CLY 654 | 28 fn 57 |
| R v St Paul, Covent Garden Inhabitants (1844) 5 QB 671, 114 ER 1402, (1845) 7 QB 232, 115 ER 476 | 43 fn 22 |
| R v Thwaites (1853) 22 LJQB 238 | 26 fn 42 |
| R v Thomas Closs (1858) Crown Cases Reserved 460, Dears & Bell 460 | 5 fn 21 |
| Ramsay v Love [2015] EWHC 65 (Ch), [2015] 1 WLUK 295 | 64 fn 2 |
| Reddings Goods, Re (1850) 14 Jur 1052, 2 Rob Ecc 338, 163 ER 1338 | 26 fn 44 |
| Ringham v Hackett [1980] 1 WLUK 323, (1980) 124 SJ 201, Times, 9 February 1980, [1980] CLY 158 | 3 fn 12, 13 fn 9 |
| Rist v Hobson (1824) 1 Sim & St 543, 57 ER 215 | 89 fn 2 |
| Roth (L.) and Co. (Limited) v Taysen, Townsend and Co. (1896–97) 12 TLR 211 CA | 71 fn 32 |
| Sadgrove v Bryden [1907] 1 Ch 318 | 71 fn 32 |
| Sandilands, Re (1871) LR 6 CP 411 | 42–43 fn 19 |
| Sarl v Bourdillon (1856) 1 CB (NS) 188, 140 ER 79 | 46 fn 35 |
| Saunders v Anglia Building Society (formerly Northampton Town and County Building Society) [1971] AC 1004, [1970] 3 WLR 1078, [1970] 3 ALL ER 961, [1970] 11 WLUK 45, [1971] 22 P & CR 300, (1970) 114 SJ 885, Times, 10 November 1970, [1971] CLY 1805 | 12 fn 5 |
| Saunderson v Jackson (1800) 2 Bos & Pul 238, 126 ER 1257 | 45 fn 32 |
| Savory’s Goods, Re (1856) 15 Jur 1042 | 29 fn 65 |
| Schneider v Norris (1814) 2 M & S 237, 105 ER 388 | 45 fn 31, 48 fn 44 |
| Selby v Selby (1817) 3 Mer 2, 36 ER 1 | 36 fn 115 |
| Smith v Evans (1751) 1 Wils KB 313, 95 ER 636 40 | |
| Sperling, In the Goods of (1863) 3 Sw. & Tr. 273, 165 ER 1279 | 36 fn 119 |
| Standard Bank London Limited v Bank of Tokyo Ltd [1995] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 169, [1995] 3 WLUK 182, [1995] CLC 496, [1998] Masons CLR Rep 126, Times, 15 April 1995, [1995] CLY 397 | 80 fn 72 |
| Taylor v Denning (1838) 3 Nev. & P. 228 | 20 fn 11 |
| Tourret v Cripps (1879) 48 LJ Ch 567, 27 WR 706 | 33 fn 93, 48 fn 43 |
| Trotter v Walker (1862) 13 CB (NS) 29, 143 ER 12 | 22 fn 24 |
| Warneford v Warneford (1727) (Easter 13 Geo I) 2 Strange 764, 93 ER 834 | 4 fn 39, 41 |
| Whitley, In re, Partners Callan’s Case (1886) 55 LJCh (NS) 540 | 72 fn 34 |
| Wilson v Beddard (1841) 12 Sim 28, 59 ER 1041 | 25 fn 38 |
| Wright v Wakeford (1811) 17 Ves Jun 455, 34 ER 176 | 40–41 fn 12 |
Germany
| AG Bonn Urteil vom 25.10.2001 3 C 193/01 Beweiskraft von E-Mails, JurPC Web-Dok. 332/2002 88 | |
| Bundessozialgericht, Beschluß vom 15.10.1996 – 14 BEg 9/96 | 82 fn 78 |
| Bundesverfassungsgericht, Beschluß vom 19.12.1994 – 5 B 79/94 | 82 fn 78 |
| GmS-OGB 1/98 2000 82 |
Hong Kong
| Shenzhen Tian He Jian Sang Electronic Holdings Company Limited v Hong Kong Jian Sang Electronics (Group) Limited [2008] HKCFI 387, HCA 1587/2007 | 65 fn 4 |
Hungary
| BDT 2001/496 | 82 fn 80 |
| Casey v Irish Intercontinental Bank Limited [1979] IR 364 | 48 fn 46 |
| Emerson’s Goods, Re (1882–83) 9 LR Ir Ch 443 | 40 fn 10, 41 fn 13 |
| Kiernan’s Goods, Re [1933] IR 222 | 23 fn 26 |
| Lemon’s Goods, Re (1896) 30 Ir LTR 127 | 40 fn 11 |
| State v His Honour Judge P. J. Roe [1951] IR 172 | 55 fn 76 |
Japan
| Fawlty & Co Ltd v Matsui Shoten K.K., Showa 33 (Wa) No.681, 10 November 1962 | 75 fn 48 |
Lithuania
| UAB ‘Bite Lietuva’ v Communication Regulatory Authority AS14–77–06 | 82 fn 81 |
New Zealand
| Bilsland v Terry [1972] NZLR 43 | 67 fn 18 |
| Carruthers v Whitaker [1975] 2 NZLR 667 | 68 fn 20 |
| Doughty-Pratt Group Limited v Perry Castle [1995] 2 NZLR 398 (CA) | 30 fn 76 |
| McNamee, In re (1912) 31 NZLR 1007 | 25 fn 41 |
| Short v Graeme Marsh Ltd [1974] 1 NZLR 722 | 68 fn 19 |
| Stuart v McInnes [1974] 1 NZLR 729 | 68 fn 21 |
| TA Dellaca Ltd v PDL Industries Ltd [1992] 3 NZLR 88 | 68 fn 23 |
| Van der Veeken v Watsons Farm (Pukepoto) Ltd [1974] 2 NZLR 146 | 68–69 fn 22 |
Poland
| Resolution of the Polish Supreme Court I KZP 29/06 | 78 fn 61 |
Scotland
| Allan and Crichton, Petitioners 1933 SLT (Sh. Ct.) 2 | 36 fn 117 |
| American Express Europe Ltd v Royal Bank of Scotland plc 1989 SCLR 333, 1989 SLT 650 OH | 33 fn 96 |
| Crosbie v Wilson (1865) 3 M. 870 | 20 fn 9 |
| Donald v M’Gregor 1926 SLT 103 | 34 fn 110 |
| Draper v Thomason 1954 SC 136, 1954 SLT 222 | 26 fn 45 |
| Gardner v Beresford’s Trustees [1878] SLR 15 359 | 30 fn 78 |
| Gordon v Murray (1765) Mor 16818 | 33 fn 97 |
| Henderson v Watt (1893) 1 SLT 342 | 62 fn 107 |
| Jollie v Lennie [2014] ScotCS CSOH_45 | 86 fn 9 |
| Meek v Dunlop [1707] Mor 16806 | 29 fn 66, 30 fn 70 |
| Moncrieff v Monypenny [1710] Mor 15936 | 34 fn 107 |
| Pentland v Pentland’s Trustees (1908) 16 SLT 480 | 36 fn 116 |
| Rhodes v Peterson [1970] ScotCS CSOH_1, (1971) SC 56 37 | |
| Speirs v Speirs or Home Speirs (1879) 6 R. 1359 | 30 fn 70 |
| Stirling Stuart v Stirling Crawfurd’s Trustees (1885) 12 R. 610 | 23 fn 25, 53–54 fn 70 |
| Traquair (Earl of) v Janet Gibson (1724) Mor 16809 | 33 fn 98 |
| Whyte v Watt (1893) 21 R. 165 | 62 fn 107 |
| Williamson v Williamson 1997 SC 94, 1997 SLT 1044, [1997] ScotCS CSIH 3, 1997 GWD 9398, 1997 SCLR 561 | 89 fn 1 |
Singapore
| Chua Sock Chen v Lau Wai Ming [1989] SLR 1119; reversed on appeal [1992] 2 SLR 465 | 79 fn 64 |
| Industrial & Commercial Bank Ltd v Banco Ambrosiano Veneto SpA [2003] 1 SLR 221 | 81 fn 73 |
| Masa-Katsu Japanese Restaurant Pte Ltd v Amara Hotel Properties Pte Ltd [1999] 2 SLR 332 | 82 fn 77 |
South Africa
| Akasia Finance v Da Souza, 1993 (2) SA 337 (W) | 3 fn 13 |
| Balzun v O’Hara [1964] 3 All SA 368 (T) | 72 fn 36 |
| Chisnall and Chisnall v Sturgeon and Sturgeon, 1993 (2) SA 642 (W) | 20 fn 8 |
| Ebden’s Will (1885–86) Re, 4 Juta 495 | 30 fn 73 |
| Fulton v Kee [1961] NI 1, CA (NI) | 24 fn 35 |
| Hanse v Jordan and Fuchs, 1909 19 CTR 530 | 20 fn 6 |
| Hersch v Nel, 1948 (3) SA 686 (AD) | 72 fn 36 |
| Luttig v Jacobs, 1951 (4) SA 563 (OPD) | 72 fn 36 |
| Matanda v Rex, 1923 AD 435 (B) | 24 fn 34 |
| Putter v Provincial Insurance Co. Ltd, 1963 (3) SA 145 (W) | 44 fn 27 |
| SAI Investments v Vander Schyff, NO 1999 (3) SA 340 (N) | 24 fn 32 |
| Trollip, Re, 1895 12 SC 243 | 30 fn 71 |
| Van der Merwe v Kenkes (Edms), BPK 1983 (3) SA 909 (T) | 24 fn 33 |
| Van Niekerk v Smit, 1952 (3) SA 17 (T) | 24 fn 31 |
| Van Vuuren v Van Vuuren (1855) 2 Searle 116 | 3 fn 15 |
United States of America
Federal
| Apex Oil Company v Vanguard Oil & Services Co., 760 F.2d 417 (1985) | 78 fn 58 |
| Associated Hardware Supply Co. v The Big Wheel Distributing Co., 355 F.2d 114 (1966) | 51 fn 60 |
| Barber & Ross Co. v Lifetime Doors, Inc., 810 F.2d 1276 (4th Cir. 1987), 3 UCC Rep.Serv.2d (CBC) 41 | 22 fn 21 |
| Benedict, Trustee in Bankruptcy of Lillian E. Hargrove d/b/a Hargrove Typesetting Services v Lebowitz, 346 F.2d 120 (1965) | 66 fn 7, 67 fn 11 |
| Bibb v Allen, 149 U.S. 481, 13 S.Ct. 950, 37 L.Ed. 819, 50 L.R.A. 240 (1893) | 22 fn 21 |
| Biegeleisen v Ross, 158 F.3d 59 (2nd Cir. 1998) | 60 fn 97 |
| Bufkin Brothers, Inc., In the Matter of, 757 F.2d 1573 (1985) | 67 fn 14 |
| Calaway v Admiral Credit Corporation, 407 F.2d 518 (1969) | 67 fn 14 |
| Excel Stores Inc., In the Matter of, 341 F.2d 961 (1965) | 26 fn 48 |
| George A. Ohl & Co. v A. L. Smith Iron Works, 288 U.S. 170, 53 S.Ct. 340, 77 L.Ed. 681 (1933) | 28 fn 60 |
| Gilmore v Lujan, 947 F.2d 1409 (9th Cir. 1991) | 82 fn 83 |
| Gilmore, W. H., 41 IBLA 25 (1979) | 82 fn 83 |
| Hill, In re 437 B.R. 503 (Bankr. W.D. Pa. 2010) | 56 fn 82 |
| Hill v United States, 288 F. 192 (1923) | 49 fn 50 |
| Interocean Shipping Company v National Shipping and Training Corporation, 523 F.2d 527 (1975) | 78 fn 57 |
| Jones v Fox Film Corporation, 68 F.2d 116 (1934) | 31 fn 83 |
| Kinney v United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company, 222 U.S. 283, 32 S.Ct. 101, 56 L.Ed. 200 (1911) | 28 fn 59, 29 fn 62 |
| Mitchell v Mills, 264 S.E.2d 749 (1954) | 20 fn 7 |
| Monetti S.P.A. v Anchor Hocking Corporation, 931 F.2d 1178 (7th Cir. 1991) | 31 fn 83, 51 fn 60 |
| National Accident Society v Spiro, 78 F. 774, 24 C.C.A. 334 (1897) | 60 fn 100 |
| Origet v United States, 125 U.S. 240, 8 S.Ct. 846, 31 L.Ed. 743 (1888) | 28 fn 59 |
| Roberts v Johnson, 212 F.2d 672 (1954) | 65 fn 4 |
| Salmon Falls Manufacturing Company, the v Goddard, 55 U.S. 446, 14 How. 446, 1852 WL 6760 (U.S. Mass. 1852), 14 L.Ed. 493 | 31 fn 83 |
| Save-On-Carpets of Arizona, Inc., In the Matter of, 545 F.2d 1239 (1976) | 66 fn 10 |
| United States of America v Juarez, 549 F.2d 1113 (1977) | 60 fn 103 |
| Williams, Jack, 91 IBLA 355 (1986) | 83 fn 84 |
| Vess Beverages, Inc. v The Paddington Corporation, 941 F.2d 651 (8th Cir. 1991) | 31 fn 87 |
| Zacharie v Franklin, 37 U.S. 151, 12 Pet. 151, 1838 WL 3945 (U.S. La.), 9 L.Ed. 1035 (1838) | 21 fn 16 |
Alabama
| Dew v Garner, 7 Port. 503, 1838 WL 1335 (Ala.) | 23 fn 28 |
| McMillan, Ltd v Warrior Drilling and Engineering Company, Inc., 512 So.2d 14 (Ala. 1986) | 73 fn 41 |
Alaska
| A & G Construction Co., Inc. v Reid Brothers Logging Co., Inc., 547 P.2d 1207 (1976) | 66 fn 10 |
Arizona
| Bishop v Norell d/b/a Al Norell Company Realtors, 88 Ariz. 148, 353 P.2d 1022 (1960) | 50 fn 59 |
| Maricopa County v Osborn, 60 Ariz. 290, 136 P.2d 270 (1943) | 60 fn 110 |
Arkansas
| Arendt v Arendt, 80 Ark. 204, 96 S.W. 982 (1906) | 35 fn 113 |
| Boone v Boone, 114 Ark. 69, 169 S.W. 779 (1914) | 35 fn 113 |
| Cartwright v Cartwright, 158 Ark. 278, 250 S.W. 11 (1923) | 35 fn 113 |
| Lee v Vaughan Seed Store, 101 Ark 68 (1911), 141 S.W. 496, 37 L.R.A.N.S. 352 | 50 fn 55 |
| Walker v Emrich, 212 Ark. 598, 206 S.W.2d 769 (1947) | 26 fn 46 |
California
| Berdan v Berdan, 103 P.2d 622 (1940) | 35–36 fn 114 |
| Brewer v Horst and Lachmund Company, 127 Cal. 643, 60 P. 418, 50 L.R.A. 240 (1900) | 73 fn 41 |
| Button’s Estate, In re, 277 P. 758 reversed 287 P. 964 (1930) | 36 fn 113 |
| Felt v L. B. Frederick Co., Inc., 92 Cal.App.2d 157, 206 P.2d 676 (1949) | 51 fn 62 |
| Hancock v Bowman, 49 Cal. 413, 1874 WL 1548 (Cal.) | 49 fn 54 |
| Henderson’s Estate, In re, 196 Cal. 623, 239 P. 938 (1923) | 35 fn 113 |
| Hewel v Hogin, 3 Cal.App. 248, 84 P. 1002 (1906) | 52 fn 65 |
| Joseph Denunzio Fruit Co. v Crane, 79 F.Supp. 117, reversed on other grounds upon rehearing 89 F.Supp. 962 (1948) | 78 fn 60 |
| Ligare v California Southern Railroad Company, 76 Cal. 610, 18 P. 777 (1888) | 49 fn 54 |
| Little v Union Oil Company of California, 73 Cal.App. 612, 238 P. 1066 (1911) 65–66 fn 6 | |
| McNear v Petroleum Export Corporation, 280 P.R.Cal. 684 (1929) | 74 fn 46 |
| Marks v Walter G. McCarty Corporation, 33 Cal.2d 814 (Cal. 1949), 205 P.2d 1025 | 50 fn 55, 51 fn 63 |
| Middleton v Findla, 25 Cal. 76, 1864 WL 629 (Cal.) | 27 fn 50 |
| Moore’s Estate, 92 Cal.App.2d 120, 206 P.2d 413 (1949) | 65 fn 4, 67 fn 17 |
| Pennington v Baehr, 48 Cal. 565, 1874 WL 1399 (Cal.) (1874) | 49 fn 52 |
| Smith v Ostly, 53 Cal.2d 262, 1 Cal.Rptr 340, 347 P.2d 684 (1959) | 49 fn 54 |
| Weiner v Mullaney, 59 Cal.App.2d 620, 140 P.2d 704 (1943) | 31 fn 84 |
| Williams v McDonald, 58 Cal. 527, 8 P.C.L.J. 23, 58 Cal. 527, 1881 WL 1946 (Cal.) | 49 fn 52 |
Colorado
| Colorado Mercantile Co., Re, 299 F.Supp. 55 (1969) | 60 fn 99 |
Connecticut
| Bengston, Re, 1965 WL 8262 (Bankr.D.Conn.), 3UCC Rep.Serv. 283 | 60 fn 99 |
| Deep River National Bank, Re, 73 Conn. 341, 47 A. 675 (1900) | 60 fn 99 |
| Horvath, Re, 1963 WL 8592 (Bankr.D.Conn.), 1 UCC Rep.Serv. 624 | 67 fn 14 |
| Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v Cole, 189 Conn. 518, 457 A.2d 656 (Conn. 1983) | 51 fn 60 |
District of Columbia
| McGrady v Munsey Trust Co., 32 A.2d 106 (1943) | 62 fn 105 |
| United States v Thompson, 2 Cranch C.C. 409, 28 F. Cas. 89, 2 D.C. 409, No 16484 (1823) | 87 fn 14 |
Florida
| Ashland Oil, Inc. v Pickard, Fla., 269 So.2d 714 (1972) | 66 fn 10, 73 fn 43 |
| Heffernan v Keith, Fla., 127 So.2d 903 (1961) | 73 fn 41 |
| Meek v Briggs, 80 Fla. 487, 86 So. 271 (1920) | 73 fn 38 |
| State v City of Fort Lauderdale, 149 Fla. 177, 5 So.2d 263 (1941) | 60 fn 100 |
| State of Florida v Hickman, Fla., 189 So.2d 254 (1966) | 61 fn 104 |
Georgia
| Bell Bros. v Western & A. R. Co., 125 Ga. 510, 54 S.E. 532 (1906) | 61 fn 102 |
| Evans Implement Company v Thomas Industries, Inc., 117 Ga.App. 279, 160 S.E.2d 462 (Ga. Ct. App. 1968) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Evans v Moore, 131 Ga.App. 169, 205 S.E.2d 507 (1974) | 51 fn 60 |
| Horton v Murden, 117 Ga. 72, 43 S.E. 786 (1903) | 21 fn 17 |
| Kohlmeyer & Company v Bowen, 126 Ga.App. 700, 192 S.E.2d 400 (1972) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Peoples Bank of Bartow County v Northwest Georgia Bank, 139 Ga.App. 264, 228 S.E.2d 181 (1976) | 67 fn 14 |
| Thurmond v Spoon, 125 Ga.App. 811, 189 S.E.2d 92 (1972) | 21 fn 18 |
| Troutt v Nash AMC/Jeep, Inc., 157 Ga.App. 399, 278 S.E.2d 54 (1981) | 51 fn 60 |
Idaho
| Paloukos v Intermountain Chevrolet Company, 99 Idaho 740 (1978), 588 P.2d 939, 25 UCC Rep.Serv. 655 | 50–51 fn 59 |
Illinois
| Automotive Spares Corp. v Archer Bearings Company, 382 F.Supp. 513 (1974) | 51 fn 60 |
| Bogue v Sizemore, 241 Ill.App.3d 250, 608 N.E.2d 1246 (Ill.App.4th Dist. 1993) | 83 fn 87 |
| Cunningham v Hallyburton, 342 Ill. 442, 174 N.E. 420 (1930) | 22 fn 23 |
| Deskovic’s Estate, Re, 21 Ill.App. 2d 209, 157 N.E.2d 769, 72 A.L.R.2d 1261 (1st Dist. 1959) | 21 fn 20 |
| Just Pants, an Illinois limited partnership v Wagner, 617 N.E.2d 246 (Ill.App. 1 Dist. 1993) | 66 fn 8 |
| People of the State of Illinois v Stephens, 297 N.E.2d 224 (1973) | 61 fn 104 |
| Prairie State Grain and Elevator Company v Wrede, 217 Ill.App. 407 (1920) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Robertson v Robertson, 462 N.E.2d 712 (Ill.App. 5 Dist. 1984) | 29 fn 63 |
| Streff v Colteaux, 64 Ill.App. 179, 1896 WL 2352 (Ill.App. 1 Dist.) | 61 fn 104 |
| Westerman’s Will, Re, 401 Ill. 489, 82 N.E.2d 474 (1948) | 22 fn 23 |
| Weston v Myers, 33 Ill. 424, 1864 WL 2948 (Ill.) | 50 fn 57 |
Indiana
| Ardery v Smith, 35 Ind.App. 94, 73 N.E. 840 (1905) | 65 fn 3 |
| City of Gary v Russell, 123 Ind.App. 609, 112 N.E.2d 872 (1953) | 67 fn 13 |
| Hamilton v State, 103 Ind. 96, 2 N.E. 299, 53 Am.Rep. 491 (1885) | 49 fn 52 |
| Owen d/b/a Clark’s Greenhouse and Clark’s Greenhouse, Inc. v The Kroeger Company, 936 F.Supp. 579 (S.D.Ind. 1996), 31 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 56 | 51 fn 60 |
| Shank v Butsch, 28 Ind. 19, 1867 WL 2925 (Ind.) | 21 fn 16 |
| Zann v Haller, 71 Ind. 136, 1880 WL 6236 (Ind.), 23 Am.Rep. 193 | 27 fn 50 |
Iowa
| Burns v Burrows, 196 N.W. 62, 196 Iowa 1048 (1923) | 31 fn 83 |
| Cummings v Landes, 117 N.W. 22, 140 Iowa 80 (1908) | 49 fn 54 |
| Loughren v B. F. Bonniwell & Co., 125 Iowa 518, 101 N.W. 287, 106 Am.St.Rep. 319 (1904) | 61 fn 104 |
Kansas
| Southwest Engineering Company, Inc. v Martin Tractor Company, Inc., 205 Kan. 684, 473 P.2d 18 (1970) | 50–51 fn 59 |
Kentucky
| Blackburn v City of Paducah, Ky., 441 S.W.2d 395 (1969) | 73 fn 40 |
| Blair v Campbell, 45 S.W. 93, 19 Ky.L.Rptr. 2012 (1898) | 21 fn 17 |
| Lamaster v Wilkerson, 143 Ky. 226, 136 S.W. 217 (1911) | 51 fn 61 |
| Selma Savings Bank v Webster County Bank, 206 S.W. 870, 182 Ky. 604, 2 A.L.R. 1136 (1918) | 73 fn 39 |
| Stephens v Perkins, 273 S.W. 545 (1925) | 21 fn 17 |
| Wells v Lewis, 190 Ky. 626, 228 S.W. 3 (1921) | 27 fn 53, 35 fn 113 |
| Word v Whipps, 28 S.W. 151, 16 Ky. Law Rep. 403 (1894) | 35–36 fn 113 |
| Wurts v Newsome, 253 Ky. 38, 68 S.W.2d 448 (1934) | 28 fn 59, 57 fn 86, 60 fn 98 |
Maine
| Carlstrom, Re, 3 UCC Rep.Serv. 766, 1966 WL 8962 (Bank.D.Me.) | 66 fn 7 |
| Mahoney v Ayoob, 124 Me. 20, 125 A. 146, 37 A.L.R. 85 (1924) | 61 fn 103 |
| Maine League Federal Credit Union v Atlantic Motors, 250 A.2d 497, 6 UUC Rep.Serv. 198 (1969) | 65 fn 4 |
| Sawtelle v Wardwell, 56 Me. 146, 1868 WL 1770 (Me.) | 27 fn 52 |
Maryland
| Cambridge, Inc. v The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, 471 F.Supp. 1309 (1979) 65–66 fn 6 | |
| Drury v Young, 58 Md. 546, 1882 WL 4502 (Md.), 42 Am.Rep. 343 | 51 fn 60 |
| Dubrowin v Schremp, 248 Md. 166, 235 A.2d 722 (1967) | 66 fn 10 |
Massachusetts
| Andre v Ellison, 324 Mass. 665 (1949), 88 N.E.2d 340 | 65 fn 4 |
| Assessors of Boston v Neal, 311 Mass. 192, 40 N.E.2d 893 (1942) | 67 fn 16 |
| Boardman v Spooner, 13 Allen 353, 95 Mass. 353, 1866 WL 5009 (Mass.), 90 Am.Dec. 196 | 61 fn 102 |
| Commonwealth v Ray, 3 Gray 441, 69 Mass. 441, 1855 WL 5701 (Mass.) | 50 fn 56 |
| Fessenden v Mussey, 65 Mass. 127, 1853 WL 4969 (Mass.) | 26 fn 49 |
| Foye v Patch, 132 Mass. 105, 1882 WL 10891 (Mass.) | 22 fn 22 |
| Hamdi Halal Mkt. LLC v United States, 947 F. Supp. 2d 159 (D. Mass. 2013) | 66 fn 7 |
| Henshaw v Foster, 9 Pick. 318, 26 Mass. 312, 1830 WL 25334 (Mass.) | 51 fn 61 |
| Irving v Goodimate, Co., 320 Mass. 454, 70 N.E.2d 414, 171 A.L.R. 326 (1946) | 31 fn 83, 66 fn 10 |
| Meads v Earle, 205 Mass. 553, 91 N.E. 916, 29 L.R.A.N.S. 63 (1910) | 89 fn 4 |
| Providence Granite Co., Inc. v Joseph Rugo, Inc., Mass. 291 N.E.2d 159, 362 Mass. 888 (1972) | 73 fn 41 |
| Sanborn v Flagler, 9 Allen 474, 91 Mass. 474, 1864 WL 3510 (Mass.) | 31 fn 83 |
| Walker v Walker, 175 Mass. 349, 56 N.E. 601 (1900) | 26 fn 49 |
| Wellington v Jackson, 121 Mass. 157, 1876 WL 10902 (Mass.) | 50 fn 56 |
| Wheeler v Lynde, 1 Allen 402, 83 Mass. 402, 1861 WL 6171 (Mass.) | 61 fn 104 |
Michigan
| Archbold v Industrial Land Co., 264 Mich. 289, 249 N.W. 858 (1933) | 31 fn 83 |
| Benedict Manufacturing Co. v Aeroquip Corp., 2004 WL 1532280, 53 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 888 | 51 fn 60 |
| Borkowski v Kolodziejski, 332 Mich. 589, 52 N.W.2d 348 (1952) | 31 fn 83 |
| Etts v Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, 126 F.Supp.3d 889 (E.D.Mich. 2015) | 67 fn 11 |
| Grieb v Cole, 60 Mich 397, 27 N.W. 579, 1 Am.St.Rep. 533 (1886) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| MFS & Company, LLC v Caterpillar, Inc., 2011 WL 4693897, 75 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 743 | 51 fn 60 |
| Radke v Brendon, 271 Minn. 35, 134 N.W.2d 887 (1965) | 66 fn 10 |
| Ryan v United States, 136 U.S. 68, 10 S.Ct. 913, 34 L.Ed. 447 (1890) | 73 fn 41 |
Minnesota
| Ames v Schurmeier, 9 Minn. 221, 1864 WL 1409 (Minn.), 9 Gil. 206 | 49 fn 54 |
| Brayley v Kelly, 25 Minn. 160, 1878 WL 3577 (Minn.) | 50 fn 57 |
| Herrick v Morrill, 37 Minn. 250, 33 N.W. 849, 5 Am.St.Rep. 841 (1887) | 49 fn 54 |
Mississippi
| Dawkins and Company v L & L Planting Company, 602 So.2d 838 (Miss. 1992) | 51 fn 60, 66 fn 10 |
| Sheehan v Kearney, 82 Miss. 688, 21 So. 41, 35 L.R.A. 102 (1936) | 23 fn 28 |
| Town Council of Lexington v Union National Bank, 75 Miss. 1, 22 So. 291 (1897) | 52 fn 65 |
Missouri
| Defur v Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 677 F.Supp.622 (E.D.Mo. 1988) | 22 fn 21, 50 fn 59 |
| First Security Bank of Brookfield v Fastwich, 612 S.W.2d 799 (Mo.App. 1981) | 65 fn 4 |
| Great Western Printing Co. v Belcher, 127 Mo.App. 133, 104 S.W. 894 (1907) | 26 fn 49, 86 fn 11 |
| Kamada, M.D. v RX Group Limited, 639 S.W.2d 146 (Mo.App. 1982) | 31 fn 83 |
| Kleine v Kleine, 219 S.W. 610, 281 Mo. 317 (1920) | 87 fn 13 |
| Leesley Bros. v A. Rebori Fruit Co., 162 Mo.App. 195, 144 S.W. 138 (1912) | 73 fn 42 |
| McKee v Vernon County, 3 Dill. 210, 16 F.Cas. 188, No. 8851 (1874) | 52 fn 65 |
Montana
| Hillstrom v Gosnay, Mont., 614 P.2d 466 (1980) | 73 fn 41 |
Nebraska
| Berryman v Childs, 98 Neb. 450, 153 N.W. 486 (1915) | 49 fn 53 |
| Griffith v Bonawitz, 73 Neb. 622, 103 N.W. 327 (1905) | 29 fn 64 |
| Hansen v Hill, 340 N.W.2d 8 (Neb. 1983), 215 Neb. 573 | 73 fn 41 |
New Hampshire
| Grafton Bank v Flanders, 4 N.H. 239, 1827 WL 744 (N.H.) | 26 fn 47 |
| Howley v Whipple, 48 N.H. 487 (1869) | 72 fn 37 |
| Willoughby v Moulton, 47 N.H. 205, 1866 WL 1982 (N.H.) | 21 fn 16 |
New Jersey
| Crabtree v Elizabeth Arden Sales Corporation, 305 N.Y. 48, 110 N.E.2d 551 (1953) | 31 fn 83 |
| First Valley Leasing, Inc. v Goushy, 795 F.Supp. 693 (D.N.J. 1992) | 51 fn 60 |
| J. D. Loizeaux Lumber Company v Davis, 124 A.2d 593, 41 N.J.Super. 231 (1956) | 66 fn 9 |
| Madden v Hegadorn, 565 A.2d 725 (N.J.Super.L. 1989), 236 N.J.Super. 280, affirmed 571 A.2d 296 (N.J. 1989), 239 N.J.Super. 268 | 83 fn 86 |
| Matthews v Deane, 201 N.J.Super. 583, 493 A.2d 632 (1984) | 51 fn 61 |
| Smith v Howell, 11 N.J.Eq. 349, 1857 WL 4462 (N.J.Ch.), 3 Stockt. 349 | 31 fn 83 |
New Mexico
| Costilla Estates Development Co. v Mascarenas, 33 N.M. 356, 267 P. 74 (1928) | 61 fn 104 |
| Watson v Tom Growney Equipment, Inc., 721 P.2d 1302 (N.M. 1986) | 66 fn 10 |
New York
| American Multimedia, Inc., In the Matter of v Dalton Packaging, Inc., 143 Misc.2d 295, 540 N.Y.S.2d 410 (1989) | 83 fn 85 |
| B & R Textile Corp. v Domino Textiles, Inc., 77 A.D.2d 539, 430 N.Y.S.2d 89, 29 UCC Rep.Serv. 396 (1980) | 51 fn 60 |
| Barnard v Heydrick, 49 Barb. 62, 32 How. Pr. 97, 2 Abb.Pr.N.S. 47 (1866) | 49 fn 54 |
| Bazak International Corp. v Mast Industries, Inc., 140 Ad.2d 211, 528 N.Y.S.2d 62, 6 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 375, appeal granted by 72 N.Y.2D 808, 529 N.E.2d 425, 533 N.E.2d 57 (N.Y. 1988), Order reversed by 73 N.Y.2D 113, 535 N.E.2d 633, 538 N.Y.2d 503, 57 USLW 2520, 82 A.L.R.4th 689, 7 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 1380 (N.Y. 1989) | 83–84 fn 88 |
| Brooklyn City Railroad Company v City of New York, 139 Misc. 691, 248 N.Y.S. 196 (1930) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| Brown v The Butchers & Drovers’ Bank, 6 Hill 443, 41Am.Dec. 755 (1844) | 86 fn 10 |
| Butler v Benson, 1 Barb. 533 (1847) | 22 fn 23 |
| Cohen v Arthur Walker & Co., Inc., 192 N.Y.S. 228 (1922) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Cohen v Wolgel, 107 Misc. Rep. 505, 176 N.Y.S. 764 affirmed 191 A.D. 883, 180 NY.S. 933 (1919) | 66 fn 10 |
| David v Williamsburgh City Fire Insurance Company, 83 N.Y. 265, 38 Sickels 265, 1880 WL 12653 (N.Y.), 38 Am.Rep. 418 | 26 fn 46 |
| Dunning & Smith v Roberts, 35 Barb. 463 (1862) | 73 fn 41 |
| Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company v Dickson, 9 Abb.Pr. 61 (1859) | 49 fn 54 |
| Galvin, In the Matter of the Estate of 78 Misc.2d 22, 355 N.Y.2d 751 (1974) | 22 fn 23 |
| Goldowitz v Henry Kupfer & Co., 80 Misc.Rep. 487, 141 N.Y.S. 531 (1913) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Jackson v Jackson, 39 N.Y. 153, 12 Tiffany 153, 1868 WL 6249 (N.Y.) | 22 fn 23 |
| Jackson v Van Dusen, 5 Johns 144 (1809) | 22 fn 23 |
| La Mar Hosiery Mills, Inc. v Credit and Commodity Corporation, 28 Misc.2d 764, 216 N.Y.S.2d 186 (1961) | 74 fn 43 |
| Landeker v Co-operative Bldg. Bank, 130 N.Y. Supp. 780 (1911) | 65 fn 5 |
| McCready’s Estate, 369 N.Y.S.2d 325, 82 Misc.2d 531 (1975) | 24 fn 36 |
| Mackay v J. and L. Bloodgood, 9 Johns. 285 (1812) | 27 fn 51 |
| Merchants’ Bank, The v Spicer, 6 Wend. 443 (1831) | 31 fn 82 |
| Merritt v Clason, 12 Johns. 102, 7 Am.Dec. 286, 12 N.Y.S.C. 1814–15 92 affirmed as The Executors of Clason v Bailey, 14 Johns. 484 (1817) | 86–87 fn 11 |
| Mesibov, Glinert & Levy, Inc. v Cohen Bros. Mfg. Co. Inc., 245 N.Y. 305, 157 N.E. 148 (1927) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Miller v Pelletier, 4 Edw. Ch. 102 (1975) | 34 fn 103 |
| Miller v Wells Fargo Bank International Corp., 406 F.Supp. 452 (1975) | 78 fn 59 |
| Palmer v Stevens, 1 Denio 471 (1845) | 31 fn 81 |
| Pearlberg v Levisohn, 112 Misc. 95, 182 N.Y.S. 615 (1920) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Probate of the Will of Severance, Re, 96 Misc. 384, 161 N.Y.S. 452 (1916) | 44 fn 25 |
| Reich v Helen Harper, Inc., 3 UCC Rep.Serv. 1048, 1966 WL 8838 (N.Y.City Civ.Ct.) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Romaniw’s Estate, Re, 163 Misc. 481, 296 N.Y.S. 925 (1937) | 21 fn 20 |
| Stegman’s Estate, Re, 133 Misc. 745, 234 N.Y.S. 239 (1929) | 20 fn 11 |
| Tenement House Department of City of New York v Weil, 76 Misc. Rep. 273, 134 N.Y.S. 1062 (1912) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| Trevor v Wood, 9 Tiffany 307, 36 N.Y. 307, 1867 WL 6445 (N.Y.), 3 Abb.Pr.N.S. 355, 93 Am.Dec. 511, 1 Transc.App. 248 (1867) | 73 fn 41 |
| United Display Fixture Co., Inc. v S. & W. Bauman, 183 N.Y.S. 4 (1920) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| Vielie v Osgood, 8 Barb. 130 (1849) | 50–51 fn 59 |
| WPP Group USA, Inc. v The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc., 644 N.Y.S.2d 205, 228 A.D.2d 296 (1996) | 83–84 fn 88 |
North Carolina
| Devereux v McMahon, 108 N.C. 134, 12 S.E. 902, 12 L.R.A. 205 (1891) | 21 fn 17 |
| State v Byrd, 93 N.C. 624, 1885 WL 1753 (N.C.) | 21 fn 19 |
| State of North Carolina v Watts, 289 N.C. 445, 222 S.E.2d 389 (1976) | 50 fn 58, 58 fn 89 |
| Yaggy v The B.V.D. Company, Inc., 70 N.C.App. 590, 173 S.E.2d 496, 72 Am.Jur.2d (1970) | 74 fn 44 |
North Dakota
| Andre v North Dakota State Highway Commissioner, 295 N.W.2d 128 (1980) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| Hagen v Gresby, 159 N.W. 3, 34 N.D. 349, 5 L.R.A. 1917B, 281 (1916) | 67 fn 13 |
| State of North Dakota v Obrigewitch, 356 N.W.2d 105 (N.D. 1984) | 60–61 fn 101 |
Ohio
| Alarm Device Manufacturing Company v Arnold Industries, Inc., 65 Ohio App.2d 256, Ohio App., 417 N.E.2d 1284 (1979) | 51 fn 60 |
Oklahoma
| Boyer v State, 68 Okl.Cr. 220, 97 P. 779 (1939) | 50 fn 56 |
| Moss v Arnold, 63 Okl.Cr. 343, 75 P. 491 (1938) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| State of Oklahoma ex rel. Independent School District Number One of Tulsa County v Williamson, 352 P.2d 394 (Okla. 1960), 1960 OK 126 | 60–61 fn 101 |
| State ex rel. West v Breckinridge, 34 Okla. 649, 126 P. 806, 1912 OK 283 | 73 fn 40 |
Oregon
| Toon v Wapinitia Irrigation Co., 117 Or. 374, 243 P. 554 (1926) | 50 fn 57 |
Pennsylvania
| Appeal of Knox, 131 P. 220, 18 A. 1021, 6 L.R.A. 353, 17 Am.St.Rep. 798 (1890) | 23 fn 29, 35–36 fn 113, 87 fn |
| Assay v Hoover, 5 Pa. St. 21 (1846) | 22 fn 23, 24 fn 30 |
| Brehony v Brehony, 289 Pa. 267, 137 A. 260 (1927) | 25 fn 37 |
| Brennan’s Estate, Re 91, A. 220, 244 Pa. 574 (1914) | 27 fn 54 |
| Carna t/d/b/a T.C. Trucking Company v Bessemer Cement Company, 558 F.Supp. 706 (1983) | 49 fn 51 |
| Commonwealth Department of Transportation v Ballard, 17 Pa. Cmwlth. 310, 331 A.2d 578 (1975) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Grabill v Barr, 5 Pa. 441, 5 Barr. 441, 1846 WL 5049 (Pa.), 47 Am.Dec. 418 | 22 fn 23, 24 fn 30 |
| Greenough v Greenough, 11 Pa.St. 497, 1849 WL 5732 (Pa.) | 22 fn 23 |
| Hessenthaler v Farzin, 564 A.2d 990 (Pa.Super. 1989) | 74 fn 45 |
| Kimmel’s Estate, In re, 278 P. 435, 123 A. 405, 31 A.L.R. 678 (1924) | 35–36 fn 113 |
| Long v Zook, 13 Pa. 400, 1850 WL 5764 (Pa.), 1 Harris 400 | 22 fn 23 |
| Main v Ryder, 84 Pa. 217, 4 W.N.C. 173, 1877 WL 13243 (Pa.) | 22 fn 23 |
| Ore & Chemical Corporation, The v Howard Butcher Trading Corp., 455 F.Supp. 1150 (1978) | 78 fn 59 |
| Plate’s Estate, re 148 Pa. 55, 23 A. 1038 (1892) | 6 fn 23, 34 fn 109 |
| Robb v The Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, 40 W.N.C. 129, 3 Pa.Super. 254, 1897 WL 3989 (Pa.Super. 1897) affirmed by 186 Pa. 456, 40 A. 969 | 60 fn 96 |
| Tabas v Emergency Fleet Corporation, 9 F.2d 648 affirmed United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v Tabas 22 F.2d 398 (1926) 65–66 fn 6 | |
| Tomilio v Pisco, 123 Pa. Super. 423, 187 A. 86 (1936) | 21 fn 18, 23 fn 28 |
| Vernon v Kirk, 30 Pa.St. 222 (1858) | 24 fn 30 |
| Zenith Radio Corporation v Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd, 505 F.Supp. 1190 (1980) | 43 fn 24 |
South Carolina
| Draper v Pattina, 29 S.C.L. 292, 2 Speers 292, 1844 WL 2584 (S.C.App.L.) | 86–87 fn 11 |
| Smith v Greenville County, 188 S.C. 349, 199 S.E. 416 (1938) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| Zimmerman v Sale, 37 S.C.L. 76, 3 Rich. 76, 1846 WL 2269 (S.C.App.L.) | 21 fn 16 |
Tennessee
| Brown v McClanahan, 68 Tenn. 347, 1878 WL 4292 (Tenn.), 9 Baxt. 347, 2 Leg.Rep. 59 | 21 fn 16 |
Texas
| Adams v Abbot, 151 Tex. 601 (1952), 254 S.W.2d 78 | 73 fn 41 |
| Barber, In re, 982 S.W.2d 364 (Tex. 1998) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Barnes v Horne, 233 S.W. 859 (1921) | 35–36 fn 113 |
| Benavides v State of Texas, 763 S.W.2d 587 (Tex.App. – Corpus Christi 1988) | 67 fn 15 |
| B. F. Bridges & Son v First Nat. Bank of Center, 47 Tex.Civ.App. 454, 105 S.W. 1018 (1907) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Britton, Ex parte, 382 S.W.2d 264 (1964) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Brooks v The State of Texas, 599 S.W.2d 312 (1979) | 60 fn 99 |
| Cox Engineering, Inc. v Funston Machine and Supply Company, 749 S.W.2d 508 (Tex.App. 1988), 6 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 1399 | 51 fn 60 |
| Estes v State, 484 S.W.2d 711 (1972) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Hideca Petroleum Corporation v Tampimex Oil International Ltd., 740 S.W.2d 838 (Tex.App. – Houston [1st Dist.] 1987) | 78 fn 59 |
| Huff v The State of Texas, 560 S.W.2d 652 (1978) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Kemp v State of Texas, 861 S.W.2d 44 (Tex.App. – Houston 14th Dist. 1993) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Mortgage Bond Corporation v Haney, 105 S.W.2d 488 (1937) | 22 fn 23 |
| Parsons v The State of Texas, 429 S.W.2d 476 (1968) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Paulus v The State of Texas, 633 S.W.2d 827 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Phillips v Najar, 901 S.W.2d 561 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1995) | 53 fn 69 |
| Short v Short, 67 S.W.2d 425 (1934) | 22 fn 23 |
| Spencer, Ex parte, 171 Tex.Cr.R. 339, 349 S.W.2d 727 (1961) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Stork v State, 114 Tex.Crim. 398, 23 S.W.2d 733 (1930) | 62 fn 106 |
| Zaruba v Schumaker, 178 S.W.2d 542 (1944) | 67 fn 17 |
Utah
| Salt Lake City v Hanson, 19 Utah 2d 32, 425 P.2d 773 (1967) | 60–61 fn 101 |
| State of Utah v Montague, 671 P.2d 187 (Utah 1983) | 61–62 fn 104 |
Vermont
| Clossen v Stearns, 4 Vt. 11, 1831 WL 2104 (Vt.), 23 Am.Dec. 245 | 86 fn 10 |
| Pike Industries, Inc. v Middlebury Associates, 398 A.2d 280 affirmed on other grounds 436 A.2d 725 cert denied 455 U.S. 947 (1992) | 73 fn 41 |
Virginia
| Clarke v Dunnavant, 10 Leigh 13, 37 Va. 13 (1839) | 22 fn 23 |
| Pilcher v Pilcher, 117 Va. 356, 84 S.E. 667, L.R.A. 1915D 902 (1915) | 31 fn 85 |
Washington
| Degginger v Martin, 48 Wash. 1, 92 P. 674 (1907) | 31 fn 83 |
Wisconsin
| Dreutzer v Smith, 56 Wis. 292, 14 N.W. 465 (1882) | 61–62 fn 104 |
| Finley v Prescott, 47 L.R.A. 695, 104 Wis. 614, 80 N.W. 930 (1899) | 21 fn 19 |
| Garton Toy Co. v Buswell Lumber & Mfg. Co., 150 Wis. 341, 136 N.W. 147 (1912) | 66 fn 10 |
| Kocinski v The Home Insurance Company, 154 Wis.2d 56, 452 N.W.2d 360 (Wis. 1990) | 60 fn 100 |
| Mezchen v More, 54 Wis. 214, 11 N.W. 534 (1882) | 49 fn 54 |
| Mueller’s Will, Re, 188 Wis. 183, 205 N.W. 814, 42 A.L.R. 951 (1925) | 20 fn 11 |
| North American Seed Co. v Cedarburg Supply Co., 247 Wis. 31, 18 N.W.2d 466, 159 A.L.R. 250 (1945) | 31 fn 86 |
| Potts v Cooley, 13 N.W.Rep. 682 (1882) | 50 fn 58 |
| Will of Susan Jenkins, 43 Wis. 610, 1878 WL 3217 (Wis.) | 22 fn 23 |
Wyoming
| Iverson’s Estate, Re, 39 Wyo. 482, 273 P. 684, 64 A.L.R. 203 (1929) | 23 fn 28 |