Bibliography

Primary sources

British parliamentary papers

• Birmingham Corporation Water Act 1892, 55 & 56 Vict. c. clxxiii. Held by Library of Birmingham, L/F/45/3; 329596.
• HC Deb (4th series) 19 March 1907 vol. 171, c.662.
• HC Deb (6th series) 23 November 2022 vol. 723 cc.298–99.
• HL Deb (5th series) 19 October 1949 vol. 164 cc.949–1010.
• Leeds Corporation Act 1897, 60 & 61 Vict. c. cxcix. Available at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/60-61/199/contents/enacted.
• Leeds Waterworks Act 1837, 7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. lxxxiii. Available at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4and1Vict/7/83/contents/enacted
• Liverpool Corporation Waterworks Act 1880, 43 & 44 Vict. c. cxliii. Available at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/43-44/143/contents/enacted.

National Archives, London

• Leeds CB Thruscross Reservoir: Water Order 1960, National Archives, HLG 127/29.

County record offices and university archive collections

Library of Birmingham

• Anonymous. ‘Feat of Engineering: Three Great Dams at Elan Valley’. Birmingham Newspaper Scrapbook, part 2, 1867–1907. Library of Birmingham LF 71.061 243371.
• City of Birmingham Waterworks Department. ‘Visit of Their Majesties the King and Queen to the Elan Valley Works, Rhayader: Official Programme’. 1904. Library of Birmingham L/./45/31; 202633.

Liverpool Record Office

• Bateman, John Frederick. ‘New Water Supply: Report of Mr John Frederick Bateman C.E., F.R.S.’ 1875. Liverpool Record Office 352.6 WAT.
• Campbell Brown, J. ‘Appendix to Supplementary Report of the Borough and Water Engineer as to a Supply of Water from the Upper Waters of the River Vyrnwy in North Wales’. 1878. Liverpool Record Office 352.6 WAT.
• Deacon, George. ‘Report of the Borough and Water Engineer as to a Supply from the Upper Waters of the Vyrnwy in North Wales’. 1877. Liverpool Record Office 352.6 WAT.
• Forwood, W. B. ‘Water Supply: Notes and Observations’. 1879. Liverpool Record Office 352.6 WAT.
• Hawksley, Thomas. ‘New Water Supply: Report of Mr. T. Hawksley, C.E.’ 1875. Liverpool Record Office 352.6 WAT.
• Liverpool Corporation, ‘Liverpool Water Committee Minutes’ 1880–1889, Liverpool Record Office, 352 MIN/WTR/1/16-25.

North Yorkshire County Record Office

• Ministry of Town and Country Planning, ‘Survey of public rights of way in Blubberhouses and Fewston’, North Yorkshire Country Record Office, n.d., PR/FEW 15/3.

West Yorkshire Archive Service

• Leeds Corporation. ‘Leeds Waterworks Committee Minutes, volumes 2–12: 1861–1961’. West Yorkshire Archive Service. LLC22/1/2-12.
• West Riding Ramblers Federation. ‘West Riding Ramblers Federation 1934–36’. West Yorkshire Archive Service. WYL2412.

University of Leeds, Brotherton Library, Special Collection

• Fisher, W. R., and Samuel Margerison. ‘Reports on the Afforestation of the Washburn Valley Estate’. City of Leeds Waterworks (1905), held by Special Collections, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, Sheppard Pamphlets FIS.

Newspapers and other news sources

BBC News

Birmingham Daily Post

Birmingham Gazette

Birmingham Mail

Brecon County Times

Buckinghamshire Examiner

Burnley News

Cheshire Observer

Crewe Examiner

Cricket and Football Field

Daily Herald

Derbyshire Times

Dundee Courier

Edinburgh Evening News

Field

Gloucestershire Echo

Guardian

Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News

Lancashire Evening Post

Lancaster Evening Post

Lancaster Guardian

Leeds Intelligencer

Leeds Mercury

Leeds Times

Liverpool Echo

Manchester Evening News

Manchester Guardian

Market Harborough Advertiser and Midland Mail

Montgomeryshire Echo

Montgomeryshire Express

Morning Post

Nelson Leader

Newry Reporter

Northants Evening Telegraph

Northern Whig

Observer

Oswestry Advertiser

Penrith Observer

Scotsman

Sunderland Daily Echo

Telegraph and Argus

Todmorden Advertiser and Hebden Bridge Newsletter

Wharfedale and Airedale Observer

Weekly Dispatch

Western Chronicle

Western Mail

Yorkshire Post

Yorkshire Evening Post

Primary source publications pre-1900

• Anonymous. The English Lake District, including Furness Abbey, Shap Spa, Seascale, etc., etc. George Philip and Son, 1895.
• Barclay, Thomas. The Future Water Supply of Birmingham. Cornish Brothers, 1892.
• Bradley, Tom. The Washburn. Old Hall Press, 1988 [first published 1895].
• Filliter, Edward. ‘Report on the Best Mode of Obtaining an Additional and Purer Supply of Water for the Borough of Leeds’. 1866.
• Parkinson, Rev. Thomas. An Idyll and Ballads of Washburn-dale. East Kent Works, n/d, edition held by Leeds Library.
• White, William. Directory of Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield […] Woolen and Worsted Manufactures. William White, 1866.

Printed primary materials, 1900 to 1950

• Anonymous. The English Lake District; Being the Fourth Edition of ‘Morecambe and the Lake District Illustrated’. William Mate and Sons, 1905.
• Bogg, Edmund. Two Thousand Miles in Wharfedale. James Miles, 1904.
• Grenfell, Arthur P. ‘Afforestation and Unemployment’, Fabian Society Tracts, nos. 134–166. Fabian Society, 1912.
• Morton, H. V. In Search of Wales. Methuen, 1932.
• Parry, Joseph. ‘Afforestation’, British Waterworks Association: Proceedings 1918–1920, volume 2. British Waterworks Association, 1920, 121–7.
• Pope, Alexander. ‘The Washburn Valley Afforestation Scheme of the Leeds City Council’. Reprinted from the Quarterly Journal of Forestry. Laughton and Company, 1914.
• Priestley, J. B. English Journey. Heinemann, 1934.
• Speight, Harry. Upper Wharfedale. Elliot Stock, 1900.
• Woodhead, T. W. History of the Huddersfield Water Supplies. Tolson Memorial Museum, 1939.
• Young, Francis Brett. The House Under the Water. Heinemann, 1932.

Printed primary material post-1950

• Birmingham Corporation. The Elan Valley Works of the Birmingham Corporation. Birmingham Corporation, 1968.
• Birmingham Corporation. City of Birmingham Waterworks. James Upton Ltd., 1967.
• Dickinson, John. Timble Man: Diaries of a Dalesman. Edited by Ronald Harker. Hendon, 1988.
• Evans, Gwynfor. A National Future for Wales. John Percy Press, 1975.
• Fishlock, Trevor. Wales and the Welsh. Cassel, 1973.
• Ofwat. ‘Strategic Regional Water Resource Solutions: Standard Gate Two Final Decision for Fens Reservoir’. 28 June 2023.
• Ofwat. ‘Strategic Regional Water Resource Solutions: Standard Gate Two Final Decision for South East Strategic Reservoir Option’. 28 June 2023.
• Ofwat. ‘Strategic Regional Water Resource Solutions: Standard Gate Two Final Decision for South Lincolnshire Reservoir’. 28 June 2023.
• Westropp, Victor. The Lake Vyrnwy Fishing Book. Aberdeen University Press, 1979.

Filmography

• Friars School, Bangor. Tryweryn, The Story of a Valley. 1965. National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales. Available on YouTube, https://youtu.be/sfTzuZ49u_0
• Rotha, Paul, dir. A City Speaks. Manchester Corporation, 1947, https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-city-speaks-1947-online
• Williams, Emlyn, dir. The Last Days of Dolwyn. British Lion Films, 1949.

Web sources

• 1891 England census. Ancestry UK. Accessed 20 July 2018. https://www.ancestry.co.uk/.
• 1911 England and Wales census. Ancestry UK. Accessed 20 July 2018. https://www.ancestry.co.uk/.
• ‘Driest July in England since 1935’, Met Office, 1 August 2022, https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2022/driest-july-in-england-since-1935.
• Ofwat. ‘Plans for Three New Reservoirs Move a Step Closer’. Ofwat. 30 March 2023. https://www.ofwat.gov.uk/plans-for-three-new-reservoirs-move-a-step-closer/
• Ordnance Survey. ‘Yorkshire sheet CLXX’, 1893. National Library of Scotland. https://maps.nls.uk/view/102344800.
• Ordnance Survey. ‘Yorkshire sheet CLXX.NW’, 1910. National Library of Scotland. https://maps.nls.uk/view/100945598.

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• Mosley, Stephen. ‘Common Ground: Integrating Social and Environmental History’, Journal of Social History 39, no. 3 (2006): 915–33, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2006.0007.
• Navickas, Katrina. ‘Conflicts of Power, Landscape and Amenity in Debates over the British Super Grid in the 1950s’, Rural History 30, no. 1 (2019): 87–103, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956793319000013.
• Parker, Gavin and Neil Ravenscroft. ‘Benevolence, Nationalism and Hegemony: Fifty Years of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949’, Leisure Studies 18, no. 4 (1999): 297–313, https://doi.org/10.1080/026143699374871.
• Pollard, Eileen. ‘ “When the Reservoir Comes”: Drowned Villages, Community and Nostalgia in Contemporary British Fiction’, C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-Century Writings 5, no. 3 (2017): 1–21, https://doi.org/10.16995/c21.9.
• Prynn, David. ‘The Clarion Clubs, Rambling and the Holiday Associations in Britain since the 1890s’, Journal of Contemporary History 11, no. 2 (1976), 65–77, https://doi.org/10.1177/002200947601100204.
• Ramesh, Aditya. ‘Indian Rivers, “Productive Works”, and the Emergence of Large Dams in Nineteenth-Century Madras’, The Historical Journal 64, no. 2 (2021): 281–309, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X20000163.
• Roberts, Ben. ‘Entertaining the Community: the Evolution of Civic Ritual and Public Celebration, 1860–1953’, Urban History 44, no. 3 (2017): 444–63, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926816000511.
• Roberts, Owen. ‘Waterworks and Commemoration: Purity, Rurality, and Civic Identity in Britain, 1880–1921’, Continuity and Change 22, no. 2 (2007): 305–25, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416007006352.
• Roberts, Owen. ‘Developing the Untapped Wealth of Britain’s “Celtic Fringe”: Water Engineering and the Welsh Landscape, 1870–1960’, Landscape Research 31, no. 2 (2006): 121–33, https://doi.org/10.1080/01426390600638422.
• Roberts, Owen. ‘The Politics of Health and the Origins of Liverpool’s Lake Vyrnwy Water Scheme, 1871–92’, Welsh History Review 20, no. 2 (2000): 308–35.
• Rosen, Christine Meisner and Joel Arthur Tarr. ‘The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History’, Journal of Urban History 20, no. 3 (1994): 299–310, https://doi.org/10.1177/009614429402000301.
• Shapely, Peter. ‘Civic Pride and Redevelopment in the Post-war British City’, Urban History 39, no. 2 (2012): 310–28, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926812000077.
• Sharples, M. ‘The Fawkes-Turner Connection and the Art Collection at Farnley Hall, Otley, 1792–1937: A Great Estate Enhanced and Supported’, Northern History 26, no. 1 (1990): 131–59, https://doi.org/10.1179/007817290790175935.
• Sheail, John. ‘The Access to Mountains Act 1939: An Essay in Compromise’, Rural History 21, no. 1 (2010): 59–74, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095679330999015X.
• Sheail, John. ‘Local Legislation: Its Scope and Context’, Archives 30, no. 113 (2005): 36–50, https://doi.org/10.3828/archives.2005.3.
• Sheail, John. ‘The “Amenity” Clause: An Insight into Half a Century of Environmental Protection in the United Kingdom’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17, no. 2 (1992): 152–65, https://doi.org/10.2307/622543.
• Sheail, John. ‘T. W. Woodhead and the Study of Vegetation and Man in the Huddersfield District’, The Naturalist 113 (1988): 125–39, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50376549.
• Sheard, Sally. ‘Water and Health: The Formation and Exploitation of the Relationship in Liverpool, 1847–1900’, Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 143 (1994), 141–64, https://www.hslc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/143-8-Sheard.pdf.
• Snape, Robert. ‘The Co-operative Holidays Association and the Cultural Formation of Countryside Leisure Practice’, Leisure Studies 23, no. 2 (2004): 143–58, https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436042000226345.
• Stobart, Jon. ‘Identity, Competition and Place Promotion in the Five Towns’, Urban History 30, no. 2 (2003), 163–82, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926803001111.
• Strang, Veronica. ‘Fluidscapes: Water, Identity, and the Senses’, Worldviews 10, no. 2 (2006), 147–54, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43809682.
• Sul, Heasim. ‘The King’s Book of Sports: The Nature of Leisure in Early Modern England’, The International Journal of the History of Sport 17, no. 4 (2000): 167–79, https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360008714153.
• Swyngedouw, Erik. ‘ “Not a Drop of Water …”: State, Modernity, and the Production of Nature in Spain, 1898–2010’, Environment and History 20, no. 1 (2014): 67–92, https://doi.org/10.3197/096734014X13851121443445.
• Swyngedouw, Erik. ‘Modernity and Hybridity: Nature, Regeneracionismo, and the Production of the Spanish Waterscape, 1890–1930’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89, no. 3 (1999): 443–65 https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00157.
• Taylor, Vanessa, Heather Chappells, Will Mead, and Frank Trentmann. ‘Drought is Normal: The Socio-Technical Evolution of Drought and Water Demand in England and Wales, 1893–2006’, Journal of Historical Geography 35, no. 3 (2009): 568–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2008.09.004.
• Taylor, Vanessa, and Frank Trentmann. ‘Liquid Politics: Water and the Politics of Everyday Life in the Modern City’, Past and Present 211, no. 1 (2011): 199–241, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtq068.
• Tebbutt, Melanie. ‘Rambling and Manly Identity in Derbyshire’s Dark Peak, 1880s–1920s’, The Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (2006): 1125–53, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005760.
• Thornton, Judith and Peter Pearson. ‘Bristol Water Works Company: A Study of Nineteenth Century Resistance to Local Authority Purchase Attempts’, Water History 5, no. 3 (2013): 307–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-013-0083-1.
• Walton, John K. ‘The Northern Rambler: Recreational Walking and the Popular Politics of Industrial England, from Peterloo to the 1930s’, Labour History Review 78, no. 3 (2013): 243–68, https://doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2013.14.
• Wharton-Michael, Patty. ‘The Johnstown Flood of 1889: The Johnstown Tribune’s Commonsense Coverage vs. Common-Practice Sensationalism’, Journalism History 38, no. 1 (2012): 23–33, https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2012.12062869.
• Wildman, Charlotte. ‘A City Speaks: The Projection of Civic Identity in Manchester’, Modern British History 23, no. 1 (2012): 80–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwr067.
• Williams, Joe, Stefan Bouzarovski and Erik Swyngedouw. ‘The Urban Resource Nexus: On the Politics of Relationality, Water–Energy Infrastructure and the Fallacy of Integration’, Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 4 (2018): 652–69, https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X18803370.

Edited collections

• Ross, Linda M., Katrina Navickas, Matthew Kelly and Ben Anderson, eds. New Lives, New Landscapes Revisited: Rural Modernity in Britain. British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2023.
• Soens, Tim, Dieter Schott, Michael Toyka-Seid, and Bert De Munck, eds. Urbanising Nature: Actors and Agency (Dis)Connecting Cities and Natures since 1500. Routledge, 2019.

Book chapters

• Bluemel, Kristin. ‘Rural Modernity in Britain: Landscape, Literature, Nostalgia’. In New Lives, New Landscapes Revisited: Rural Modernity in Britain, edited by Linda M. Ross et al., 37–60. British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2023.
• Caunce, Stephen. ‘Yorkshire Post Newspapers Ltd: Perseverance Rewarded’. In Leeds City Business 1893–1993: Essays Marking the Centenary of the Incorporation, edited by John Chartres and Katrina Honeyman, 24–56. Leeds University Press, 1993.
• Coopey, Richard, and Tim Shakesheff. ‘Angling and Nature: Environment, Leisure, Class and Culture in Britain 1750–1975’. In Common Ground: Integrating the Social and Environmental in History, edited by Geneviève Massard-Guilbaud and Stephen Mosley, 16–41. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011.
• Coopey, Richard. ‘A River Does Indeed Run Through It: Angling and Society in Britain since 1800’. In Perceptions of Water in Britain from Early Modern Times to the Present: An Introduction, edited by Karen V. Lykke Syse and Terje Oestigaard, 59–82. BRIC Press, 2010.
• Goddard, Nicholas. ‘Agricultural Institutions: Societies, Associations and the Press’. In The Agrarian History of England and Wales, volume 7: 1850–1914, edited by E. J. T. Collins, 650–90. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• Gruffudd, Pyrs. ‘Selling the Countryside: Representations of Rural Britain’. In Place Promotion: The Use of Publicity and Marketing to Sell Towns and Regions, edited by John R. Gold and Stephen V. Ward, 247–64. Wiley, 1994.
• Hanley, Keith. ‘The Imaginative Visitor: Wordsworth and the Romantic Construction of Literary Tourism in the Lake District’. In The Making of a Cultural Landscape: The English Lake District as Tourist Destination, 1750–2010, edited by John K. Walton and Jason Wood, 113–32. Ashgate, 2013.
• Howkins, Alun. ‘The Discovery of Rural England’. In Englishness: Politics and Culture 1880–1920, edited by Robert Colls and Philip Dodd, 85–112. Bloomsbury, 1986.
• Howkins, Alun. ‘The Taming of Whitsun: The Changing Face of a Nineteenth-Century Rural Holiday’. In Popular Culture and Class Conflict 1590–1914: Explorations in the History of Labour and Leisure, edited by Eileen Yeo and Stephen Yeo, 187–209. Harvester Press, 1981.
• Hulme, Tom. ‘Urban Materialities: Citizenship, Public Housing and Governing the Body’. In New Approaches to Governance and Rule in Urban Europe since 1500, edited by Simon Gunn and Tom Hulme, 190–210. Routledge, 2020.
• Lowerson, John. ‘Angling’. In Sport in Britain: A Social History, edited by Tony Mason, 12–43. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
• Lykke Syse, Karen V. ‘Ideas of Leisure, Pleasure and the River in Early Modern England’. In Perceptions of Water in Britain from Early Modern Times to the Present: An Introduction, edited by Karen V. Lykke Syse and Terje Oestigaard, 35–58. BRIC Press, 2010.
• McCulloch, Christine S. ‘Political Ecology of Dams in Teesdale’. In Long-Term Benefits and Performance of Dams edited by Henry Hewlett, 49–58. Thomas Telford, 2004.
• Meller, Helen. ‘Gender, Citizenship and the Making of the Modern Environment’. In Women and the Making of Built Space in England, 1870–1950, edited by Elizabeth Darling and Lesley Whitworth, 13–32. Ashgate, 2007.
• Millward, Robert. ‘The Political Economy of Urban Utilities’. In The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, volume 3: 1840–1930, edited by M. Daunton, 315–50. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• Navickas, Katrina. ‘Building Amenity in Areas of Non-Outstanding Natural Beauty in the Southern Pennines’. In New Lives, New Landscapes Revisited: Rural Modernity in Britain, edited by Linda M. Ross, Katrina Navickas, Matthew Kelly and Ben Anderson, 92–114. British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2023.
• Nicholson, Bob. ‘Transatlantic Connections’. In The Routledge Handbook of Nineteenth-Century British Periodicals and Newspapers, edited by Andrew King, Alexis Easley and John Morton, 163–74. Routledge, 2016.
• Payne, Jill. ‘Constructing the Kielder Landscape: Plantations, Dams and the Romantic Ideal’. In Local Places, Global Processes: Histories of Environmental Change in Britain and Beyond, edited by Peter Coates, David Moon and Paul Warde, 97–108. Oxbow Books, 2016.
• Poole, Robert. ‘Oldham Wakes’. In Leisure in Britain 1780–1939, edited by John K. Walton and James Walvin, 71–98. Manchester University Press, 1983.
• Ross, Linda M., Katrina Navickas, Matthew Kelly and Ben Anderson. ‘Introduction’. In New Lives, New Landscapes Revisited: Rural Modernity in Britain, edited by Linda M. Ross, Katrina Navickas, Matthew Kelly and Ben Anderson, 1–14. British Academy, Oxford University Press, 2023.
• MacLeod, Roy. ‘Introduction’. In Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators and Professionals, 1860–1919, edited by Roy MacLeod, 1–26. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
• Williamson, Tom. ‘Landscape: The Configured Space’. In History Beyond the Text: A Student’s Guide to Approaching Alternative Sources, edited by Sarah Barber and Corinna M. Peniston-Bird, 136–54. Routledge, 2009.
• Worster, Donald. ‘Appendix: Doing Environmental History’. In The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, edited by Donald Worster, 289–308. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Unpublished Masters and PhD theses

• Dalton, Raymond David. ‘Labour and the Municipality: Labour Politics in Leeds 1900–1914’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000.
• Pepperd, Richard Samuel. ‘The Growth and Development of Leeds Waterworks Undertakings, 1694–1852’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leeds, 1973.