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Electronic Evidence and Electronic Signatures: Table of cases

Electronic Evidence and Electronic Signatures
Table of cases
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright Page
  4. List of Contributors
  5. A note on our Creative Commons licence
  6. Dedication
  7. Contents
  8. Software is reliable and robust
  9. Preface
  10. Acknowledgments
  11. Table of statutes
  12. Table of cases
  13. 1. The sources and characteristics of electronic evidence and artificial intelligence
    1. Digital devices
      1. Processors
      2. Mobile devices
      3. Embedded devices
      4. Software
      5. Data storage facilities
      6. Data formats
      7. Starting a computer
    2. Networks
      1. Types of network
      2. Cloud computing
      3. The Internet of Things
      4. The deep web and the dark web
      5. Common network applications
    3. Types of evidence available on a digital device
      1. Files
      2. Metadata
      3. Imaging
      4. System and program logs
      5. Temporary files and cache files
      6. Deleted or ‘lost’ files
      7. Simulations, data visualizations, augmented and virtual reality
      8. Encryption and obfuscated data
    4. Artificial intelligence and machine learning
      1. Simulations, data visualizations, augmented and virtual reality
      2. Transparency and explainability
      3. AI adversarial attacks
    5. Defining electronic evidence
      1. The dependency on machinery and software
      2. The mediation of technology
      3. Speed of change
      4. Volume and replication
      5. Storage and disclosure
    6. Concluding remarks
  14. 2. The foundations of evidence in electronic form
    1. Direct and indirect evidence
    2. Evidence in both digital and analogue form
    3. Metadata and electronic evidence
    4. Means of proof
      1. Testimony and hearsay
      2. Real evidence
    5. Documents and disclosure or discovery
    6. Visual reading of a document
    7. Authentication
    8. Best evidence
    9. Analogue evidence
    10. Digital evidence
    11. Civil proceedings
    12. Criminal proceedings
    13. Admissibility
    14. Weight
    15. Video and audio evidence
      1. Testimonial use in legal proceedings
      2. Identification and recognition evidence
    16. Computer-generated animations and simulations
      1. Computer-generated evidence in England and Wales: civil proceedings
      2. Computer-generated evidence in England and Wales: criminal proceedings
  15. 3. Hearsay
    1. The rule of hearsay exclusion and its rationale
    2. The right of confrontation
    3. Hearsay and electronic evidence
    4. Electronic evidence and real evidence
    5. Testimonial and non-testimonial use of information
    6. Implied assertions
    7. Civil proceedings and the requirement to give notice
    8. Criminal proceedings
      1. Telephone calls and messages
      2. Representations other than by a person
      3. Body-worn camera footage
      4. Business and other documents
      5. Judicial discretion to include hearsay
      6. Judicial discretion to exclude hearsay
    9. Concluding observations
  16. 4. Software code as the witness
    1. The classification of digital data
      1. Category 1: Content written by one or more people
      2. Category 2: Records generated by the software that have not had any input from a human
      3. Category 3: Records comprising a mix of human input and calculations generated by software
    2. Challenging the code to test the truth of the statement
  17. 5. The presumption that computers are ‘reliable’
    1. The purpose of a presumption
    2. Presumptions and mechanical instruments
    3. Judicial formulations of the presumption that mechanical instruments are in order when used
      1. Judicial notice
      2. A ‘notorious’ class
      3. Common knowledge
    4. Evidential foundations of the presumption
    5. How judges assess the evidence of devices controlled by software
    6. Mechanical instruments and computer-like devices
    7. The nature of software errors
      1. Why software appears to fail
      2. Classification of software errors
    8. The development, maintenance and operation of software
      1. Developmental issues and software errors
      2. Increasing the risk of errors through modification of software
      3. Security vulnerabilities
      4. Software testing
      5. Writing software that is free of faults
      6. Software standards
      7. Summary
    9. Challenging ‘reliability’
      1. Aviation
      2. Financial products
      3. Motor vehicles
      4. Emergency services
      5. Medical
      6. The Post Office Horizon scandal
      7. Banking
      8. Interception of communications
    10. Most computer errors are either immediately detectable or result from input errors
    11. Challenging the authenticity of digital data – trial within a trial
      1. A protocol for challenging software in devices and systems
    12. Reintroduction of the common law presumption
    13. The statutory presumption
    14. Challenging the presumption
      1. ‘Working properly’
    15. Concluding remarks
  18. 6. Authenticating electronic evidence
    1. Authenticity and authentication
      1. An example: email
      2. Digital evidence compared to past paradigms
      3. Admissibility and authentication
      4. The best evidence rule
      5. Identity and integrity
      6. Reliability
    2. Methods of authentication
      1. Self-authentication
      2. System authentication
      3. Digital certification
      4. Digital forensics
      5. Extrinsic and circumstantial evidence
      6. Judicial notice
      7. Digital evidence in archival systems
    3. Technological authentication
      1. Digital signatures
      2. Blockchain
    4. Challenges to the authenticity of evidence in digital form
      1. The cloud
      2. The Internet of Things
      3. Digital preservation
      4. Migration and format changes
    5. The business records exception to the rule against hearsay
      1. The business records exception
      2. Authentication of digital business records
    6. Conclusion
  19. 7. Electronic signatures
    1. The purpose of a signature
    2. Dictionary definitions
    3. The manuscript signature
    4. Statutory definition of signature
    5. The functions of a signature
      1. The primary evidential function
      2. Secondary evidential functions
      3. Cautionary function
      4. Protective function
      5. Channelling function
      6. Record-keeping function
    6. Disputing a manuscript signature
      1. Defences
      2. Evidence of the manuscript signature
      3. Intention to authenticate and adopt the document
    7. The electronic signature
    8. Forms of electronic signature
      1. Authority, delegation and ratification
      2. Forged signatures
    9. Evidence of intent to sign
      1. The automatic inclusion of the signature
      2. Partial document with separate signature page
    10. The Electronic Communications Act 2000
      1. The definition of an electronic signature
      2. The elements of an electronic signature
      3. Liability of a certification service provider
      4. The power to modify legislation
      5. Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
    11. Electronic sound
    12. The ‘I accept’ and ‘wrap’ methods of indicating intent
      1. Click wrap
      2. Browse wrap
      3. ‘I accept’
    13. Personal Identification Number (PIN) and password
    14. Typing a name into an electronic document
      1. Acts by a lawyer as agent
      2. Interest in real property
      3. Loan of money
      4. Employment
      5. Contract
      6. Guarantees and debt
      7. Public administration, the judiciary and the police
      8. Statute of Frauds
      9. Wills
      10. Constitution of a legal entity
      11. Amending boilerplate contractual terms
    15. The name in an email address
      1. Limitation Act 1969 (NSW)
      2. Statute of Frauds
      3. Legal fees arrangement
      4. Civil Law Act
    16. A manuscript signature that has been scanned
      1. Mortgage redemption
      2. Writing
      3. Employment
    17. Biodynamic version of a manuscript signature
      1. Electoral register
      2. Contract formation
    18. Digital signatures
      1. Technical overview of digital signatures
      2. Algorithms and keys
      3. Control of the key
      4. Disguising the message
      5. Public key infrastructure
      6. Difficulties with public key infrastructure
      7. Authenticating the sender
      8. The ideal attributes of a signature in electronic form
      9. Methods of authentication
      10. Types of infrastructure for asymmetric cryptographic systems
      11. Management of the key and certificate
      12. The duties of a user
      13. Internal management of a certification authority
      14. Barriers to the use of the public key infrastructure
      15. Risks associated with the use of digital signatures
      16. What a digital signature is capable of doing
      17. What no form of electronic signature is capable of doing
      18. The weakest link
      19. The burden of managing the private key
      20. Evidence and digital signatures
      21. ‘Non-repudiation’
      22. Certifying certificates
      23. The burden of proof
      24. The recipient’s procedural and due diligence burden
      25. The sending party: the burden of proof of security and integrity
      26. Burden of proof – the jitsuin
      27. Burden of proof – summary
  20. 8. Encrypted data
    1. Encryption
    2. Methods to obtain encrypted data
      1. Breaking the encryption without obtaining the key
      2. Obtaining the key
    3. Compelling disclosure in England and Wales
      1. Protected information
      2. Notice requiring disclosure
      3. Obligations of secrecy and tipping off
      4. Circumventing the procedure
    4. The privilege against self-incrimination
      1. England and Wales
      2. The USA
      3. Canada
      4. Belgium
    5. Concluding observations
  21. 9. Proof: the technical collection and examination of electronic evidence
    1. Accreditation of the digital forensics discipline
    2. Guidelines for handling digital evidence
    3. Handling electronic evidence
      1. Identifying electronic evidence
      2. Gathering electronic evidence
      3. Gathering of data following legal retention or reporting obligations
      4. Copying electronic evidence
    4. Forensic triage
      1. Preserving electronic evidence
    5. Analysis of electronic evidence
      1. Tools
      2. Traces of evidence
    6. Reporting
    7. Analysis of a failure
    8. Anti-forensics and interpretation of evidence
      1. Data destruction
      2. Falsifying data
      3. Hiding data
      4. Attacks against computer forensics
      5. Trail obfuscation
    9. An intellectual framework for analysing electronic evidence
    10. Conclusions and future considerations
  22. 10. Competence of witnesses
    1. The need for witnesses
    2. Separating data reliability from computer reliability
    3. Lay experts as witnesses
    4. Qualification of witnesses
  23. Appendix 1: Draft Convention on Electronic Evidence
  24. Appendix 2: Cumulative vignettes
  25. Index

Table of cases

Antigua and Barbuda

In the matter of Stanford International Bank Limited (in liquidation), Fundora v Hamilton-Smith 2-3 March and 8 June 2010, Claim Number ANUHCV2009/0149 Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in the High Court of Justice (not reported)9.10

Australia

Federal
Austral-Asia Freight Pty Ltd v Turner [2013] FCCA 298 (2013), 2013 WL 22531537.131
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Air New Zealand Limited (No 1) [2012] FCA 1355, (2012) 207 FCR 4486.21, 6.21 fn 1, 6.21, fn 2, 6.130
Computer Edge Pty Limited v Apple Computer Inc [1986] F.S.R. 5374.6
Djordje Mitic v Eco Pro Australia Pty Ltd [2009] AIRC 5037.37 fn 3
Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Cassaniti [2018] FCAFC 2126.130 fn 1
Getup Ltd v Electoral Commissioner [2010] FCA 8697.198
Hansen Beverage Company v Bickfords (Australia) Pty Ltd [2008] FCA 4063.49
Holland v Jones (1917) 23 CLR 149, [1917] VLR 392, 23 ALR 165, 1917 WL 15976, [1917] HCA 265.11 fn 4
Lee v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCAFC 3056.126
Pollitt v R [1992] HCA 35, (1992) 174 CLR 5583.27 fn 3
Salfinger v Niugini Mining (Australia) Pty Ltd (No 3) [2007] FCA 15327.37
Sayner (H) v Joblink Plus Limited – re Termination of employment PR950280 [2004] AIRC 748 (30 July 2004)7.36
Whittaker v Child Support Registrar [2010] FCA 43 (5 February 2010)7.33
Capital Territory
O’Meara v Dominican Fathers [2003] ACTCA 246.129 fn 1
Industrial Relations Court of Australia
Patty v Commonwealth Bank of Australia [2000] FCA 1072, Industrial Relations Court of Australia VI-2542 of 19965.230 fn 4
Philip Laming v TicketXpress Pty Ltd PR941462 [2003] AIRC 1503 (3 December 2003)7.114 fn 3
New South Wales
Alan Yazbek v Ghosn Yazbek [2012] NSWSC 5947.138 fn 2
Albrighton v Royal Price Alfred Hospital (1980) 2 NSWLR 5426.129 fn 1
Re Appeal of White (1987) 9 NSWLR 4275.9
Australian Securities and Investment Commission v Rich (2005) 216 ALR 320, [118], [2005] NSWSC 4172.36 fn 2
The Estate of Roger Christopher Currie, late of Balmain [2015] NSWSC 10987.148 fn 2
Re Estate of Wai Fun Chan, Deceased [2015] NSWSC 11072.67 fn 8, 7.148 fn 2
Gregg v R [2020] NSWCCA 2456.130 fn 1
Islamic Council of South Australia Inc v Australian Federation of Islamic Councils Inc [2009] NSWSC 2117.149
Kavia Holdings Pty Limited v Suntrack Holdings Pty Limited [2011] NSWSC 7167.118 fn 1
McGuren v Simpson [2004] NSWSC 357.155
National Australia Bank Ltd v Rusu [1999] NSWSC 539, (1999) 47 NSWLR 3096.126
R v Jung [2006] NSWSC 6582.76 fn 3
R v Ngo [2001] NSWSC 1021, R v Ngo [2003] NSWCCA 824.28 fn 3
R v Ross Magoulias [2003] NSWCCA 143, 2003 WL 212083459.61
RTA v McNaughton [2006] NSWSC 11510.27 fn 1
Stuart v Hishon [2013] NSWSC 7667.119
Williams Group Australia Pty Ltd v Crocker [2015] NSWSC 19077.37 fn 3
Williams Group Australia Pty Ltd v Crocker [2016] NSWCA 2657.37 fn 3
Northern Territory
Chiou Yaou Fa v Thomas Morris [1987] NTSC 20, 46 NTR 1, 87 FLR 36, 27 A Crim R 342 (8 May 1987)5.26
Faulks v Cameron [2004] 32 Fam LR 417, [2004] NTSC 617.118
South Australia
Barker v Fauser (1962) SASR 1765.3
Cheatle v Considine [1965] SAS. 2815.5
Estate of Wilden (Deceased) [2015] SASC 97.148 fn 2
Evans v Benson (1986) 46 SASR 3175.222 fn 7
Mehesz v Redman (1979) 21 SASR 5693.23, 3.26 fn 3, 4.33, 5.41
Mehesz v Redman (no 2) (1980) 26 SASR 2445.41 fn 2, 5.47, 5.49
Peterson v Holmes [1927] SASR 4195.7 fn 5
Police v Bleeze [2012] SASCF 545.22 fn 3, 5.125, 5.222 fn 7
R v Bonython [1984] SASR 4510.22
Queensland
Bismark v Queensland Police Service District Court of Queensland [2014] QDC 152 2014, WL 81045197.197 fn 1
City Park Co-operative Apartments Inc. v David Dubois, [2006] OJ No 4428 (Sup Ct) (QL)6.18
eBay International AG v Creative Festival Entertainment Pty Ltd (ACN 098 183 281) [2006] FCA 17687.97 fn 1
Harding v Brisbane City Council [2008] QPEC 75 (16 October 2008)7.96
Mahlo v Hehir [2011] QSC 2437.148 fn 2
Maple Holdings Limited v State of Queensland [2001] QPEC 0565.26 fn 3
McKay v Doonan [2005] QDC 3115.26 fn 3
Mellino v Wnuk [2013] QSC 3367.148 fn 2
R v Clarke [2005] QCA 4835.230 fn 4
Re Nichol, Nichol v Nichol [2017] QSC 2207.148 fn 2
Witheyman v Simpson [2009] QCA 3885.26 fn 3
Re Yu [2013] QSC 3227.148 fn 2
Tasmania
Maynard (1993) 70 A Crim R 133, also cited as Rook v Maynard [1993] TASSC 137, (1993) 2 Tas R 97, (1993) 126 ALR 1502.5, 4.24
Victoria
Beneficial Finance Corp Co Ltd v Conway [1970] VR 3212.29
Crawley v Laidlaw (1930) VLR 3705.20, 5.36
Giles v Dodds [1947] VLR 465, [1947] ArgusLawRp 53, (1947) 53 Argus LR 5845.6 fn 2
Macartney and Tax Agents’ Board of Victoria, Re [2008] AATA7.37
Porter v Koladzeij (1962) V.R. 755.22, 5.36
R v ADJ [2005] VSCA 1028.6 fn 2
R v Ciantar, DPP v Ciantar [2006] VSCA 2635.215 fn 5
Tina Motors Pty. Ltd. v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. [1977] VR 2057.20 fn 1
In the will of Mark Edwin Trethewey [2002] VSC 83 (14 March 2002)7.148
Western Australia
Bevan v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 101, (2010) 202 A Crim R 275.48, 5.49 fn 2, 9.70 fn 1
Bevan v The State of Western Australia [2012] WASCA 153, 2012 WL 32981675.51 fn 1, 5.58 fn 1, 5.59 fn 1, 5.61 fn 2, 9.70 fn 1
Chen Yin Ten v Little (1976) 11 ALR 353, [1976] WASC 1432.15 fn 2
The State of Western Australia v Coates [2007] WASC 3074.28 fn 2
Zappia v Webb (1974) WAR 15, (1973) 29 LGRA 4385.27

Austria

OGH Urteil vom 29.6.2000, 2 Ob 133/99v7.103 fn 2

Belgium

Attorney General at the Court of Appeal of Ghent v M A, 4 februari 2020 P.19.1086.N, Hof van Cassatie, tweede kamer8.87 fn 1, fn 4, fn 5 fn 6, 8.88 fn 1

Canada

Federal
Dursol-Fabrik Otto Durst GmbH & Co. c. Dursol North America Inc. 2006 FC 11157.170
R. v Find 2001 CarswellOnt 1702, 2001 CarswellOnt 1703, 2001 SCC 32, [2001] 1 SCR 863, [2001] SCJ No. 34, 146 OAC 236, 154 CCC (3d) 97, 199 DLR (4th) 193, 269 NR 149, 42 CR (5th) 1, 49 WCB (2d) 595, 82 CRR (2d) 247, JE 2001-1099, REJB 2001-241785.15
R v Khelawon [2006] 2 SCR 787, 2006 SCC 57 (CanLII)3.5 fn 1, 3.5 fn 2
R v Nikolovski (1996) 111 CCC (3d), [1996] 3 SCR 11972.67 fn 6, 5.196
Rudder v Microsoft Corp. (1999) 2 CPR (4th) 474, 47 CCLT (2d) 168 (Ont Sup Ct), FSR (1966) 3677.90
Alberta
Leoppky v Meston 2008 ABQB 45 (CanLII)7.137 fn 1
R v Bulldog 2015 ABCA 251 (CanLII), 326 CCC (3d) 385, [2015] AJ No 813 (QL)5.196
British Columbia
Caravel Management Corp. v Roberts 2014 CarswellBC 2249, 2014 BCSC 1419, [2014] BCWLD 6492, [2014] BCWLD 6586, [2014] BCWLD 6591, [2014] BCWLD 6594, 243 ACWS (3d) 7667.37
Ghaed v Telus Communications Co. 2013 Carswell BC 2727, 2013 BCSC 1675, [2013] BCWLD 8841, 234 ACWS (3d) 8977.32 fn 1
Regina v Blumes 2002 BCPC 00457.21
R v Eged, 2009 BCPC 180 (CanLII)7.114 fn 1
R&D Arts Inc. v Feld 2013 Carswell BC 3153, 2013 BCSC 1896, [2013] BCWLD 9633, [2013] BCWLD 9767, 235 ACWS (3d) 5017.33 fn 5
Manitoba
R. v M. 2012 CarswellMan 256, 2012 MBQB 141, [2012] MJ No 174, 101 WCB (2d) 168, 279 Man R (2d) 80, 93 CR (6th) 1558.85 fn 1
Mutual Fund Dealers Association of Canada
Jade Truman Kaiser Mason, Re 2012 (CanLII) 42180 (CA MFDAC), 2012 (CanLII) 42181 (CA MFDAC)7.35
New Brunswick
Her Majesty the Queen v Dennis James Oland 2015 NBQB 2444.28 fn 1
Her Majesty the Queen v Dennis James Oland 2015 NBQB 2454.28 fn 1, 5.226 fn 2
Newfoundland and Labrador
R v Penney (2002) 163 CCC (3d) 3295.194, 5.196
Ontario
1475182 Ontario Inc. o/a Edges Contracting v Ghotbi 2021 ONSC 3477 (CanLII)5.17, fn 1
Adamo v College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, 2007 CanLII 9873 (ON SCDC)7.33
City of London v Caza 2010 ONSC 1548 (CanLII)7.114 fn 1
Kanitz v Rogers Cable Inc. (2002) 58 OR (3d) 299 (Sup Ct)7.90 fn 2
Lev v Serebrennikov 2016 ONSC 2093 (CanLII)7.125 fn 2
Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal Decision No. 2877/07R 2008 ONWSIAT 3111 (CanLII)7.30 fn 4
R v Amyot (1968) 2 OR 6265.8 fn 2
R. v Andalib-Goortani 2014 ONSC 4690 (CanLII)5.196 fn 2
R. v Beauchamp 2008 CarswellOnt 2756, [2008] OJ No 1347, 171 CRR (2d) 358, 58 C.R. (6th) 177, 77 WCB (2d) 1778.85
R v Bell (1982) 35 OR (2d) 164 (CA)2.58
R. v Burke 2013 CarswellOnt 8417, 2013 ONCA 424, [2013] OJ No 2920, 107 WCB (2d) 662, 285 CRR (2d) 6, 298 CCC (3d) 396, 307 OAC 1718.85 fn 1
R. v Cyr 2012 CarswellOnt 16386, 2012 ONCA 919, [2012] OJ No. 6148, 104 WCB (2d) 1033, 294 CCC (3d) 421, 300 OAC 1116.18 fn 3
R. v Hamilton 2011 ONCA 3996.18 fn 3
R v McMullen 1978 CanLII 2441 (ON SC, 42 CCC (2d) 67, 6 CR (3d) 2182.31
R v McMullen 1979 CanLII 1867 (ON CA), 25 OR (2d) 301, 100 DLR (3d) 671, 47 CCC (2d) 4992.32 fn 3
R. v Pecciarich 1995 CarswellOnt 504, [1995] OJ No 2238, 22 OR (3d) 748, 26 WCB (2d) 6039.35
R. v Potts 1982 CarswellOnt 56, [1982] OJ No. 3207, 134 DLR (3d) 227, 14 MVR 72, 26 CR (3d) 252, 36 OR (2d) 195, 66 CCC (2d) 219, 7 WCB 2365.14
R. v Ranger 2010 CarswellOnt 8572, 2010 ONCA 759, [2010] OJ No 4840, 91 WCB (2d) 2715.25 fn 1
R. v Stemberger 2012 CarswellOnt 492, 2012 ONCJ 31, [2012] OJ No 221, 100 WCB (2d) 20, 254 CRR (2d) 1
Temple, Re 2012 CarswellOnt 2817, 2012 ONSC 376, [2012] O.J. No. 856, 109 O.R. (3d) 374, 214 A.C.W.S. (3d) 609, 75 C.B.R. (5th) 3127.125 fn 2
Toronto Common Elements Condo. Corp. No. 2041 v Toronto Standard Condo. Corp. No. 2051, 2015 ONSC 4245 (CanLII)7.125 fn 2

Quebec

Rioux v Coulombe 1996 CarswellQue 1226, 19 ETR (2d) 201, JE 97-263, EYB 1996-877497.140
Saskatchewan
Buckmeyer Estate (Re) 2008 SKQB 260 (CanLII)7.147

China

Beijing Han-Hua-Kai-Jie Technology development Ltd. v Chen Hong (2018) Zhe 01927.115 fn 1
Hangzhou Huatai Yimei Culture Media Co., Ltd. v Shenzhen Daotong Technology Development Co., Ltd. (2018) Zhe 0192 Civil Case, First Court No. 81, Hangzhou Internet Court of the People’s Republic of China1.25 fn 1
Yang Chunning v Han Ying (2005) hai min chu zi NO.46707.115 fn 1, 7.120

Denmark

U.2000.1853V7.108
U.2001.1980/1H7.114 fn 2, 7.115 fn 1
U.2001.252Ø7.114 fn 2, 7.115 fn 1
U.2006.1341V7.193

England and Wales

A
A (Death of a Baby), Re [2011] EWHC 2754 (Fam)4.27 fn 1, 6.18 fn 1
A and others (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008) [2015] EWHC 2602 (Fam), [2016] 1 WLR 1325, [2016] 1 All ER 273, [2015] 9 WLUK 234, [2017] 1 FLR 366, [2015] 3 FCR 555, (2015) 146 BMLR 123, [2015] Fam Law 1333, [2016] CLY 9285.255 fn 3, fn 5, fn 6
Alliance & Leicester Building Society v Ghahremani [1992] 2 WLUK 256, [1992] RVR 198, (1992) 142 NLJ 313, Times, 19 March 1992, Independent, 9 March 1992, [1993] CLY 32522.30, 2.30 fn 3
AMP v Persons Unknown [2011] EWHC 3454 (TCC), [2011] 12 WLUK 641, [2011] Info TLR 25, (2012) 156(2) SJLB 311.125
Anderton v Waring [1985] 2 WLUK 274, [1986] RTR 74, (1985) 82 LSG 1417, Times, 11 March 1985, [1986] CLY 28835.32
Apex Global Management Ltd v FI Call Ltd [2015] EWHC 3269 (Ch), [2015] 11 WLUK 2482.30 fn 3, 9.120 fn 6
Ashton v DPP [1995] 6 WLUK 298, (1996) 160 JP 336, [1998] RTR 45, Times, 14 July 1995, Independent, 10 July 1995, [1995] CLY 44165.222 fn 3, 5.229, fn 1
Associated British Ports v Hydro Soil Services NV [2006] EWHC 1187 (TCC), [2006] 6 WLUK 5755.26 fn 3
Aston Investments Limited v OJSC Russian Aluminium (Rusal) [2006] EWHC 2545 (Comm), [2007] 1 All ER (Comm) 857, [2007] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 311, [2006] 10 WLUK 470, [2006] 2 CLC 739, [2006] Info TLR 269, Times, 31 October 2006, [2007] CLY 6849.17
Atkins v DPP [2000] 1 WLR 1427 (QB), [2000] 2 All ER 425, [2000] 3 WLUK 213, [2000] 2 Cr App R 248, (2000) 97(13) LSG 42, (2000) 144 SJLB 148, Times, 16 March 2000, Independent, 17 April 2000, [2000] CLY 993, also known as DPP v Atkins1.89 fn 1
Athena Brands Ltd v Superdrug Stores Plc [2019] EWHC 3503 (Comm), [2019] 12 WLUK 2797.33 fn 2
Attorney-General v Lundin [1982] 2 WLUK 231, (1982) 75 Cr App R 90, [1982] Crim LR 296, [1982] CLY 24352.42 fn 4
Attorney General’s Reference (Nos 114 and 115 of 2009) [2010] EWCA Crim 1459, [2010] 6 WLUK 5494.27 fn 1
B
Badre v Court of Florence, Italy [2014] EWHC 614 (Admin), [2014] 3 WLUK 250, [2014] ACD 9337.132
Banks v Revenue & Customs [2014] UKFTT 465 (TC), [2014] 5 WLUK 3355.166 fn 2
Barker v Wilson [1980] 1 WLR 884, [1980] 2 All ER 81, [1980] 2 WLUK 2, (1980) 70 Cr App R 283 (DC), [1980] Crim LR 373, (1980) 124 SJ 326, [1980] CLY 4692.67 fn 4, 6.118
Bassano v Toft [2014] EWHC 377 (QB), [2014] 2 WLUK 800, [2014] ECC 144, [2014] CTLC 1177, [2014] Bus LR D99, [2014] CLY 2737.101
Bates v Post Office Ltd [2017] EWHC 2844 (QB), [2017] 6 Costs LO 855, [2018] CLY 3765.167
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No 2) [2018] EWHC 2698 (QB), [2018] 10 WQLUK 2915.167
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No.3: Common Issues) [2019] EWHC 606 (QB), [2019] 3 WLUK 2605.168
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No.4: Recusal Application) [2019] EWHC 871 (QB), [2019] 4 WLUK 1505.168
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No.5: Common Issues Costs) [2019] EWHC 1373 (QB), [2019] 6 WLUK 80, [2019] Costs LR 857, [2019] CLY 4315.168
Bates v Post Office Ltd (No 6: Horizon Issues) Rev 1 [2019] EWHC 3408 (QB), [2019] 12 WLUK 2085.168 fn 6, 5.256, 6.55
Bates v Post Office Ltd Case No A1/2019/1387/PTA 22 November 20195.168 fn 4
Bieber v Teathers Ltd (In Liquidation) [2014] EWHC 4205 (Ch), [2014] 12 WLUK 408, [2015] CILL 36097.125 fn 2
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The Queen on the Application of Neculai Jugan v Deta Court of First Instance, Romania [2014] EWHC 460 (Admin), [2014] 2 WLUK 2617.133
R
Ratten (Leith McDonald) v Queen, The [1972] AC 378, [1971] 3 WLR 930, [1971] 3 All ER 801, [1971] 10 WLUK 28, (1972) 56 Cr App R 18, (1971) 115 SJ 889, [1971] CLY 45873.27 fn 2
Re a debtor (No 2021 of 1995), Ex p, Inland Revenue Commissioners v The debtor, Re a debtor (No 2022 of 1995), Ex, Inland Revenue Commissioners v The debtor [1996] 2 All ER 345, [1995] 11 WLUK 290, [1996] BCC 189, [1996] 1 BCLC 538, [1996] BPIR 398, [1996] CLY 34697.191
Reid v DPP [1998] 2 WLUK 401, [1999] RTR 357, [1998] Masons CLR 269, Times, 6 March 1998, [1998] CLY 897
2.38
Regina v Thomas Closs (1858) LRCCR 460, Dears & B. 4607.7 fn 1
R. v Ahmed (Nabil) [1984] 12 WLUK 43, (1985) 80 Cr App R 295, (1984) 6 Cr App R (S) 391, [1985] Crim LR 250, [1985] CLY 8288.31 fn 2
R. v Ali (Maqsud), R. v Hussain (Ashiq) [1966] 1 QB 688, [1965] 3 WLR 229, [1965] 2 All ER 464, [1965] 4 WLUK 27, (1965) 49 Cr App R 230, (1965) 129 JP 396, (1965) 109 SJ 331, [1965] CLY 7962.14 fn 1, 5.205
R. v Andrews (Donald Joseph) [1987] AC 281, [1987] 2 WLR 413, [1987] 1 All ER 513, [1987] 2 WLUK 72, (1987) 84 Cr App R 382, [1987] Crim LR 487, (1987) 151 JPN 254, [1987] CLY 6593.51, 3.55
R v Aspinall (1876) 3 QBD 485.11
R. v B (C) [2010] EWCA Crim 3009, [2010] 12 WLUK 2621.62 fn 2
R. v Bailey (Tyrone) [2008] EWCA Crim 817, [2008] 4 WLUK 4983.29 fn 3
R. v Bains (Pardeep Singh) [2010] EWCA Crim 873, [2010] Crim LR 9373.36 fn 3
R. v Blackshaw (Jordan Philip) [2011] EWCA Crim 2312, [2012] 1 WLR 1126, [2011] 10 WLUK 465, [2012] 1 Cr App R (S) 114, [2012] Crim LR 57, (2011) 108(42) LSG 19, Times, 25 October 2011, [2011] CLY 30301.125 fn 2
R. v Blastland (Douglas) [1986] AC 41, [1985] 3 WLR 345, [1985] 2 All ER 1095, [1985] 7 WLUK 293, (1985) 81 Cr App R 266, [1985] Crim LR 727, [1985] CLY 5783.27 fn 3, 3.44 fn 1
R. v Breakwell (Jake) [2009] EWCA Crim 2298, [2009] 10 WLUK 6471.62 fn 3
R. v Breddick (Christopher) [2001] EWCA Crim 984, [2001] 3 WLUK 790, Independent, 21 May 2001, also known as R v Briddick (Christopher)2.75 fn 1, 2,90 fn 3
R. (on the application of Bridges) v Chief Constable of South Wales [2019] EWHC 2341 (Admin), [2020] 1 WLR 672, [2020] 1 All ER 864, [2019] 9 WLUK 9, [2020] 1 Cr App R 3, [2019] HRLR 16, [2019] ACD 122, Times, 9 December 2019, Times, 11 December 2019, [2019] 11 CLY 13891.103 fn 2
R v Brooker [2014] EWCA Crim 1998, also cited as AG’s Ref: 071 of 2014, R v B (R C A) (2014)1.44 fn 1, 2.30 fn 3, 9.120 fn 6
R. v Brown (Nico) [2019] EWCA Crim 1143, [2019] 1 WLR 6721, [2019] 7 WLUK 41, [2019] 2 Cr App R 25, [2020] Crim LR 71, [2019] CLY 6471.103 fn 3, 3.17 fn 1
R. v Bucknor (Ashley Dwayne) [2010] EWCA Crim 1152, [2010] 5 WLUK 7313.63
R v Burr and Sullivan [1956] Crim LR 4422.67 fn 2
R v Caffrey (October 2003, unreported) (Southwark Crown Court)9.132
R v Cahill, R v Pugh 14 October 2014, Crown Court at Cardiff, T20141094 and T20141061 (not reported)6.57, 9.102 fn
R v Caldwell, R v Dixon [1993] 5 WLUK 237, (1994) 99 Cr App R 73, [1993] Crim LR 862, [1995] CLY 9332.68 fn 5
R. v Calland (Sean Thomas) [2017] EWCA Crim 2308, [2017] 12 WLUK 7069.25 fn 1, 10.21 fn 3
R v Chrysostomou [2010] EWCA Crim 1403, [2010] 6 WLUK 547, [2010] Crim LR 942, [2011] CLY 6093.36
R v Clarke (Robert Lee) [1994] 12 WLUK 118, [1995] 2 Cr App R 425, Times, 26 December 1994, Independent, 30 January 1995, [1996] CLY 1373, also known as R. v Clarke (Bobby Lee)2.85 fn 1
R v Cochrane [1992] 6 WLUK 63, [1993] Crim LR 48 (CA), [1993] CLY 3662.37 fn 2, 6.30, 6.123 fn 1
R (on the application of Corner House Research) v Director of the Serious Fraud Office [2008] UKHL 60, [2009] 1 AC 756, [2008] 3 WLR 568, [2008] 4 All ER 927, [2008] 7 WLUK 921, [2008] Lloyd’s Rep FC 537, [2009] Crim LR 46, (2008) 158 NLJ 1149, (2008) 152(32) SJLB 29, Times, 31 July 2008, [2008] CLY 16618.15 fn 2
R. v Coultas (Kiera) [2008] EWCA Crim 3261, [2008] 9 WLUK 3525.227
R v Coventry Justices, Ex p Bullard [1992] 2 WLUK 233, (1992) 95 Cr App R 175, [1992] RA 79 [1992] COD 285, (1992) 142 NLJ 383, Times, 24 February 1992, Independent, 26 February 1992, Guardian, 11 March 1992, [1992] CLY 20584.31, 4.32
R v Coventry Magistrates’ Court Ex p. Perks [1984] 7 WLUK 215, [1985] RTR 74, [1985] CLY 30515.224 fn 1
R. v Crown Prosecution Service Ex p. Spurrier [1999] 7 WLUK 431, (2000) 164 JP 369, [2000] RTR 60, Times, 12 August 1999, [1999] CLY 883, also known as DPP v Spurrier5.7 fn 4, 5.254
R. v Cutler (Barry George) [2011] EWCA Crim 2781, [2011] 10 WLUK 7328.33
R v Davis [2006] EWCA Crim 1155, [2006] 1 WLR 31300, [2006] 4 All ER 648, [2006] 5 WLUK 528, [2006] 2 Cr App R 322, [2007] Crim LR 70, Times, 1 June 2006, [2006] CLY 9893.29 fn 3
R v Daye (Arthur John) [1908] 2 KB 333 (KBD)2.26, 6.11 fn 2
R. v Dean (Jeanette), R. v Bolden (Robert Allen) [1998] 2 WLUK 562, (1998) 2 Cr App R 171, [1998] CLY 98410.17
R. v Debnath (Anita) [2005] EWCA Crim 3472, [2005] 12 WLUK 64, [2006] 2 Cr App R (S) 25, [2006] Crim LR 451, [2006] CLY 8556.123 fn 2
R. v Derodra (Kishor) [1999] 5 WLUK 342, [2000] 1 Cr App R 41, [1999] Crim LR 978, Independent, 10 June 1999, [1999] CLY 8733.56, 3.56 fn 4
R v Ann Diggles T20157203 Preston Crown Court (February 2017, unreported)5.155
R v Dodson (Patrick), R v Williams (Danny Fitzalbert Williams) [1984] 1 WLR 971, [1984] 4 WLUK 121, (1984) 79 Cr App R 220, [1984] Crim LR 489, (1984) 81 LSG 1677, (1984) 128 SJ 364, [1984] CLY 6052.75 fn 1
R. v Doyle (Hugh), R. v Wood (Carl), R. v Lincoln (William) [2017] EWCA Crim 340, [2017] 2 WLUK 1941.103 fn 3, 3.17 fn 1
R (on the application of DPP) v Crown Court at Caernarfon [2019] EWHC 767 (Admin), [2019] 3 WLUK 8305.229 fn 3
R. (on the application of DPP) v Manchester and Salford Magistrates’ Court [2017] EWHC 3719 (Admin), [2019] WLR 2617, [2017] 7 WLUK 154, also known as DPP v Manchester and Salford Magistrates’ Court4.37 fn 1, 5.229
R. v Ewing (Terence Patrick) [1983] QB 1039, [1983] 3 WLR 1, [1983] 2 All ER 645, [1983] 3 WLUK 125, (1983) 77 Cr App R 47, [1984] ECC 234, [1983] Crim LR 472, (1983) 127 SJ 390, Times, 15 March 1983, [1983] CLY 635.192 fn 2
R. v Fagan (Taariq), R. Fergus (Michael) [2012] EWCA Crim 2248, [2012] 9 WLUK 1216.18 fn 4
R v Feltis (Jeremy) [1996] EWCA Crim 776, [1966] 8 WLUK 1042.75 fn 1
R v Flynn and St John [2008] EWCA Crim 970, [2008] 5 WLUK 53, [2008] 2 Cr App R 20, [2008] Crim LR 799, [2008] CLY 7012.78, 2.81, 2.82
R v Fowden and White [1982] 2 WLUK 48, [1982] Crim LR 588, [1982] CLY 6072.68, 2.75 fn 1
R. v Fox (Craig) [2010] EWCA Crim 1280, [2010] 4 WLUK 4613.36 fn 3
R. v Foxley (Gordon) [1995] 2 WLUK 75, [1995] 2 Cr App R 523, [1995] 2 Cr App Rep 523, [1995] 16 Cr App R (S) 879, [1995] Crim LR 636, Times, 9 February 1995, Independent, 3 April 1995, [1995] CLY 9183.57, 3.57 fn 2
R. v Gardner (Trevor Elton) [2004] EWCA Crim 1639, [2004] 6 WLUK 6152.90
R. v Gold (Stephen William), R. v Schifreen (Robert Jonathan) [1988] AC 1063, [1988] 2 WLR 984, [1988] 2 All ER 186, [1988] 4 WLUK 121, (1988) 87 Cr App R 257, (1988) 152 JP 445, [1988] Crim LR 437, (1988) 152 JPN 478, (1988) 85(19) LSG 38, (1988) 138 NLJ Rep 117, (1988) 132 SJ 624, [1988] CLY 7875.265 fn 1
R v Governor of Brixton Prison, ex p Levin [1997] AC 741, [1997] 3 WLR 117, [1997] 3 All ER 289, [1997] 6 WLUK 335, [1998] 1 Cr App R 22, [1997] Crim LR 891, (1997) 94(30) LSG 28, (1997) 147 NLJ 990, (1997) 141 SJLB 148, Times, 21 June 1997, Independent, 2 July 1997, [1997] CLY 24182.25
R v Governor Ex p Osman (No 1) sub nom Osman (No 1), Re [1990] 1 WLR 277, [1989] 3 All ER 701, [1988] 3 WLUK 391, (1990) 90 Cr App R 281, [1988] Crim LR 611, (1990) 87(7) LSG 32, (1990) 134 SJ 458, Times, 13 April 1988 Independent, 15 April 1988 Guardian, 19 April 1988 Daily Telegraph, 21 April 1988 [1990] CLY 11752.43, 5.37
R v Green (October 2003, unreported), Exeter Crown Court9.132 fn 1
R v Grimer [1982] 6 WLUK 204, [1982] Crim LR 674, 126 SJ 641 (CA), [1982] CLY 6062.67 fn 6, 2.75 fn 1
R. v Grout (Philip) [2011] EWCA Crim 299, [2011] 3 WLUK 5, [2011] 1 Cr App R 38, (2011) 175 JP 209, [2011] Crim LR 584, [2011] CLY 7809.107 fn 2
R. v Hallam (Sam) [2012] EWCA Crim 1158, [2012] 5 WLUK 5181.1 fn 1, 1.123, 6.18 fn 2
R v Hookway [1999] Crim LR 750, also known as R. v H (Stephen James) (A Juvenile) [1999] Crim LR 750 (CA (Crim Div))2.75 fn 1
R. v Horncastle (Michael Christopher) [2009] EWCA Crim 964, [2009] 4 All ER 183, [2009] 5 WLUK 566, [2009] 2 Cr App R 15, (2009) 153(21) SJLB 28, Times, 3 June 2009, [2009] CLY 7613.61
R. v Horncastle (Michael Christopher) [2009] UKSC 14, [2010] 2 AC 373, [2010] 2 WLR 47, [2010] 2 All ER 359, [2009] 12 WLUK 249, [2010] 1 Cr App R 17, [2010] HRLR 12, [2010] UKHRR 1, [2010] Crim LR 496, (2009) 153(48) SJLB 32, Times, 10 December 2009, [2010] CLY 6583.7 fn 4, 6.114
R. v Humphris (Andrew James) [2005] EWCA Crim 2030, [2005] 7 WLUK 538, (2005) 169 JP 441, (2005) 169 JPN 718, Times, 19 September 2005, [2006] CLY 8133.60, 3.62 fn 1
R. v Ilyas (Mohammed), R. v Knight (Paul) [1996] 5 WLUK 330, [1996] Crim LR 8103.58 fn 2
R. v Jackson (Royston) [2011] EWCA Crim 1870, [2011] 7 WLUK 6434.27 fn 1, 4.28 fn 2
R v Kearley [1992] 2 AC 228, [1992] 2 WLR 656, [1992] 2 All ER 345, [1992] 4 WLUK 107, (1992) 95 Cr App R 888, [1992] Crim LR 797, (1992) 89(21) LSG 28, (1992) 142 NLJ 599, Times, 10 April 1992, Independent, 9 April 1992, [1992] CLY 8523.27 fn 3
R. v Kelly (Lee Paul) [2013] EWCA Crim 1893, [2018] 7 WLUK 4788.4 fn 2
R. v Khan (Adeel) [2015] EWCA Crim 1816, [2015] 11 WLUK 550, [2016] 1 Cr App R (S) 479.88 fn 1
R. v Khan (Imran), R. v Mahmood (Amjed Khan), R. v Kajla (Jaspal) [2013] EWCA Crim 2230, [2013] 12 WLUK 57, [2014] Crim LR 5204.27 fn 1
R. v Leonard (Mark Alan) [2009] 4 WLUK 482, [2009] EWCA Crim 1251, (2009) 173 JP 366, [2009] Crim LR 802, [2009] CLY 7563.36 fn 3
R (on the application of Leong) v DPP [2006] EWHC 1575 (Admin), [2006] 6 WLUK 1722.35
R. v Loveridge (William), R. v Lee (Charles Sonny), R. v Loveridge (Christine) [2001] EWCA Crim 973, [2001] 4 WLUK 290, [2001] 2 Cr App R 29, (2001) 98(23) SJLB 120, Times, 3 May 2002, [2001] CLY 9832.75 fn 1
R. v Maloney (Gerald) [2003] EWCA Crim 1373, [2003] 5 WLUK 5651.106 fn 5, 2.88 fn 2, 2.93 fn 1
R v Mawji (Rizwan) [2003] EWCA Crim 3067, [2003] 10 WLUK 4386.123
R. v Mayers (Jordan) [2009] 1 WLR 1915, [2009] 2 All ER 145, [2008] EWCA Crim 2989, [2008] 12 WLUK 373, [2009] 1 Cr App R 30, [2009] Crim LR 272, [2009] CLY 7683.36 fn 3
R v McCarthy (Colin Paul), R v Warren (Mark Stephen), R v Lloyd (Leigh Cedric), R v Warren (Robert John) [1997] 11 WLUK 347, [1998] RTR 374, [1998] CLY 8672.20 fn 1
R. v Midmore (Billy Nathan) [2017] EWCA Crim 533, [2017] 4 WLR 107, [2017] 4 WLUK 529, [2017] 2 Cr App R 8, (2017) 181 JP 354, [2017] Crim LR 793, [2017] CLY 5123.41
R v Minors (Craig), R v Harper (Giselle Gaile) [1989] 1 WLR 441, [1989] 1 All ER 208, [1988] 12 WLUK 161, (1989) 89 Cr App R 102, [1989] Crim LR 360, (1989) 133 SJ 420, [1989] CLY 5462.64 fn 1, 5.192, 10.3 fn 1, 10.6 fn 1, 10.12 fn 1
R v Misra (October 2010, unreported) Guildford Crown Court5.165 fn 2
R. v Murphy (William Francis) [1980] 3 WLUK 64, (1980) 71 Cr App R 33, [1980] RTR 145, [1980] Crim LR 309, (1980) 124 SJ 189, [1980] CLY 229510.21 fn 1
R. v Najib (Amaar) [2013] EWCA Crim 86, [2013] 2 WLUK 2904.27 fn 1
R. v Nazeer (Mohammed Azad) [1998] Crim LR 750, [1998] 2 WLUK 932.55 fn 2
R. v Neville [1990] 11 WLUK 143, [1991] Crim LR 288, [1991] CLY 6235.193, 10.20
R. v Newton (Robert John) [1982] 12 WLUK 57, (1983) 77 Cr App R 13, (1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 388, [1983] Crim LR 198, [1983] CLY 8158.31 fn 1
R. v Oakley (Trevor Alan) [1979] 6 WLUK 43, (1980) 70 Cr App R 7, [1979] RTR 417, [1979] Crim LR 657, [1979] CLY 45810.21 fn 1
R. v O’Connell (William) [2003] EWCA Crim 502, [2003] 2 WLUK 2913.44 fn 2
R. v O’Connor (Damien) [2010] EWCA Crim 2287, [2010] 6 WLUK 467, Times, 19 July 2010, [2011] CLY 6086.25
R v Ore (Birmingham Crown Court 1998, unreported)2.92, 2.94
R. (on the application of O’Shea) v Coventry Magistrates Court [2004] EWHC 905 (Admin), [2004] 4 WLUK 120, [2004] ACD 50, (2004) 101(17) LSG 30, Times, 22 April 2004, [2004] CLY 6862.12 fn 1
R. v O’Shea (Anthony David) [2010] EWCA Crim 2879, [2010] 12 WLUK 1509.98
R. v Padellec (Pierre) [2012] EWCA Crim 1956, [2012] 6 WLUK 6518.35, 8.36 fn 2
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R. v Porter (Ross Warwick) [2006] EWCA Crim 560, [2006] 1 WLR 2633, [2007] 2 All ER 625, [2006] 3 WLUK 471, [2006] 2 Cr App R 25, [2006] Crim LR 748, (2006) 103(4) LSG 28, Times, 21 June 2006, [2006] CLY 8588.50 fn 2, 9.107 fn 2
R v Richard John Frankland (1863) Le. & Ca. 276, 169 ER 13946.32 fn 1
R v Robson (Bernard Jack), R v Harris (Gordon Federick) [1972] 1 WLR 651, [1972] 2 All ER 699, [1972] 3 WLUK 89 (1972) 56 Cr App R 450, [1972] Crim LR 316, (1972) 116 SJ 313, [1972] CLY 6422.28 fn 1, 5.191, 5.193, 5.207
R. v Robson (Kenneth), R. v Mitchell (Bernard), R. v Richards (Alan) [1991] 2 WLUK 381, [1991] Crim LR 362, [1991] CLY 6462.24
R v S (F) and A (S) [2008] EWCA Crim 2177, [2009] 1 WLR 1489, [2009] 1 All ER 716, [2008] 10 WLUK 197, [2009] 1 Cr App R 18, [2009] Crim LR 191, (2008) 158 NLJ 1459, Times, 15 October 2008, [2008] CLY 7118.47, 8.51 fn 1, 8.53, 8.56
R. v Saward (Steven Kevin), R. v Bower (Steven Kevin) R. v Harrison (Keith) [2005] EWCA Crim 3183, [2005] 11 WLUK 3515.208, 5.243
R v Schofield (April 2003, unreported), Reading Crown Court9.132 fn 1
R. v Scott (Michael Lawrence) [2008] EWCA Crim 3201, [2008] 12 WLUK 6711.62 fn 1
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R. v Senat (Martin), R. v Sin (Christopher Cho Him) [1968] 3 WLUK 56, (1968) 52 Cr App R 282, [1968] Crim LR 269, (1968) 112 SJ 252, [1968] CLY 71R v Sharp [1988] 1 All ER 65, at 68, [1988] 1 WLR 72.28 fn 1
R v Sharp [1988] 1 All ER 65, [1988] 1 WLR 72.11
R. v Shephard (Hilda) [1993] AC 380, [1993] 2 WLR 102, [1993] 1 All ER 225, [1992] 12 WLUK 273, (1993) 96 Cr App R 345, (1993) 157 JP 145, [1993] Crim LR 295, (1993) 143 NLJ 127, (1993) 137 SJLB 12, Times, 17 December 1992, Independent, 21 January 1993, [1993] CLY 6365.70 fn 1, 10.12
R. v Shone (Robert Dowson) [1982] 6 WLUK 185, (1983) 76 Crim LR 72, [1983] CLY 6663.36 fn 3
R. v Singh (Alexander Sukadave) [2006] EWCA Crim 660, [2006] 1 WLR 1564, [2006] 2 WLUK 590, [2006] 2 Cr App R 12, (2006) 170 JP 222, [2006] Crim LR 647, (2006 170 JPN 571, Times, 8 March 2006, [2006] CLY 787, also known as R. v Singh (Alexander Sukadeve), R. v Singh (Alexander Sukedave)3.35 fn 2, fn 3, 3.36 fn 3
R v Sinha (Arun Kumar) [1994] 7 WLUK 34, [1998] Masons CLR 35, [1995] Crim LR 68 (CA), Times, 13 July 1994, Independent, 1 August 1994, [1994] CLY 11372.67 fn 7, 9.120
R v Skegness Magistrates’ Court, Ex parte Cardy [1984] 12 WLUK 244, [1985] RTR 49, [1985] Crim LR 237, (1985) 82 LSG 929, [1985] CLY 30465.224
R. v Skinner (Philip) [2005] EWCA Crim 1439, [2005] 5 WLUK 506, [2006] Crim LR 564.9, 5.210, 6.124 fn 3
R v Smith (Graham Westgarth), R v Jayson (Mike) [2002] EWCA Crim 683, [2002] 3 WLUK 178, [2003] 1 Cr App R 13, [2002] Crim. LR 659, Times, 23 April 2002, [2002] CLY 8199.107 fn 2
R. v Smith (Peter Kenneth) [2011] EWCA Crim 1296, [2011] 5 WLUK 644, [2011] C App R 16, [2011] CLY 6022.89
R. v Spencer (Jeffrey) [2019] EWCA Crim 2240, [2019] 12 WLUK 2468.10 fn 1
R. v Spiby (John Eric) [1990] 3 WLUK 150, (1990) 91 Cr App R 186, Times, 16 March 1990, Independent, 2 April 1990, Daily Telegraph, 30 March 1990, [1990] CLY 7852.12 fn 3, 2.23, 10.8
R. v Stevenson (Ronald), R. v Hulse (Barry), R. v Whitney (Raymond), [1971] 1 WLR 1, [1971] 1 All ER 678, [1970] 10 WLUK 82, (1971) 55 Cr App R 171, (1971) 115 SJ 11, [1971] CLY 22642.28 fn 1, 5.190, 5.206
R. v Stubbs (Paul Matthew) [2006] EWCA Crim 2312, [2006] 10 WLUK 32810.21, 10.22 fn 1
R v Thomas (Steven) [1986] 7 WLUK 85, [1986] Crim LR 682, [1986] CLY 5942.67 fn 6
R v Tolson (1864) 4 F & F 103, 176 ER 4882.67 fn 1, 6.116
R. v Turner (Andrew Neil) [2020] EWCA Crim 1241, [2020] 9 WLUK 3089.25 fn 1, 10.21 fn 3
R. v Twist (Andrew Terence) [2011] EWCA Crim 1143, [2011] 3 All ER 1055, [2011] 5 WLUK 320, [2011] 2 Cr App R 17, (2011) 175 JP 257, [2011] Crim LR 793, [2011] CLY 5843.34 fn 2, 3.39, 3.40 fn 2, fn 3
R v The United Kingdom Electronic Telegraph Company (Limited) (1862) 3 F & F 73, 176 ER 332.67 fn 1
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R v Wiles [1982] Crim LR 6692.16 fn 1
R v Wood (Stanley William) [1982] 6 WLUK 191, (1983) 76 Cr App R 23, [1982] Crim LR 667, [1983] CLY 6361.10 fn 3, 2.20, 2.67 fn 7, 3.22 fn 1, 4.31
R. v Xhabri (Agrol) [2005] EWCA Crim 3135, [2006] 1 All ER 776, [2005] 12 WLUK 182, [2006] 1 Cr App R 266, 20 BHRC 233, Times, 10 January 2006, [2006] CLY 7883.62 fn 2
Richardson v DPP [2003] EWHC 359 (Admin), [2003] 2 WLUK 5965.129
Ringham v Hackett [1980] 1 WLUK 323, (1980) 124 SJ 201, Times, 9 February 1980, [1980] CLY 1587.1, 7.27
Rotam Agrochemical Company Ltd v GAT Microencapsulation GMBH [2018] EWHC 2765 (Comm), [2018] 10 WLUK 4067.191 fn 1
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St Albans City and District Council v International Computers Limited [1996] 4 All ER 481, [1996] 7 WLUK 443, [1997-98] Info TLR 58, [1997] FSR 251, (1996) 15 Tr LR 444, [1998] Masons CLR Rep 98, (1997) 20(2) IPD 20020, Times, 14 August 1996, [1996] CLY 12185.129 fn 2
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Shojibur Rahman v Barclays Bank PLC (unreported, 2012) judgment of HH District Judge Millard7.108 fn 6
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Stanford International Bank Ltd (In Receivership), Re [2010] EWCA Civ 137, [2011] Ch 33, [2010] 3 WLR 941, [2010] Bus LR 1270, [2010] 2 WLUK 712, [2011] BCC 211, [2010] Lloyd’s Rep FC 357, [2010] BPIR 679, [2010] CLY 1873, also known as Serious Fraud Office v Wastell, Janvey v Wastell, Stanford International Bank Ltd v Director of the Serious Fraud Office9.10 fn 2
The Staple of England v The Governor and Company of the Bank of England (1888) 21 QBD 1607.246 fn 1, 7.315, 7.316, 7.319
The Statue of Liberty Owners of Motorship Sapporo Maru v Owners of Steam Tanker Statue of Liberty [1968] 1 WLR 739, [1968] 2 All ER 195, [1968] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 429, [1968] 3 WLUK 65, (1968) 112 SJ 380, [1968] CLY 15461.10 fn 5, 2.15, 2.60 fn 1, 2.67 fn 3, 3.17, 3.17 fn 3
Steyner v The Burgesses of Droitwich (1700) Holt K.B. 290, 90 ER 10596.32 fn 3
Stockwell (Christopher James) [1993] 3 WLUK 119, (1993) 97 Cr App R 260, Times, 11 March 1993, [1994] CLY 9142.75 fn 1
Stokes v Moore (1786) 1 Cox 219, 29 ER 11377.165
Subramaniam v Public Prosecutor [1956] 1 WLR 965, [1956] 7 WLUK 26, (1956) 100 SJ 566, [1956] CLY 70513.3 fn 1
T
Takenaka (UK) Ltd and Corfe v Frankl [2001] EWCA Civ 348, [2001] 3 WLUK 163, [2001] EBLR 40, [2001] CLY 18196.7 fn 2, 9.110 fn 2
Taylor v Chief Constable of Cheshire [1986] 1 WLR 1479, [1987] 1 All ER 225, [1986] 10 WLUK 244, (1987) 84 Cr App R 191, (1987) 151 JP 103, [1987] Crim LR 119, (1987) 151 JPN 110, (1987) 84 LSG 412, (1986) 130 SJ 953, [1987] CLY 7432.45
Taylor v R. [2011] 2 Cr App Rep 4, [2011] WLR 1809, [2011] 2 Cr App R 4, [2011] 1 WLR 1809, [2011] EWCA Crim 728, [2011] Bus LR 1011, [2011] Lloyd’s Rep FC 3482.32 fn 1
TFS Stores Ltd v The Designer Retail Outlet Centres (Mansfield) General Partner Ltd [2019] EWHC 1363 (Ch), [2019] Bus LR 1970, [2019] 6 WLUK 10, [2020] 1 P & CR 6, [2019] L & TR 26, [2019] CLY 16977.191 fn 1
Thom v DPP [1993] 1 WLUK 823, (1994) 158 JP 414, [1994] RTR 11, [1994] CLY 39772.34
Tourret v Cripps (1879) 48 L J Ch 567, 27 WR 7067.166, 7.168, 7.173
U
United Dominions Trust Ltd v Western [1976] QB 513, [1976] 2 WLR 64, [1975] 3 All ER 1017, [1975] 10 WLUK 88, (1975) 119 SJ 792, Times, 28 October 1975, [1976] CLY 3397.300 fn 1
V
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency v George Jenkins Transport Limited 2003] EWHC 2879 (Admin), [2003] 11 WLUK 528, Times, 5 December 2003, [2004] CLY 38523.57
Vestergaard Frandsen A/S v Bestnet Europe Limited [2007] EWHC 2455 (Ch), [2007] 10 WLUK 659, (2008) 31(1) IPD 310051.125 fn 1
Victor Chandler International v Customs and Excise Commissioners [2000] 1 WLR 1296, [2000] 2 All ER 315, [2000] 2 WLUK 990, [2001] LLR 401, (2000) 97(11) LSG 36 (2000), 150 NLJ 341, (2000) 144 SJLB 127, Times, 8 March 2000, Independent, 10 March 2000, [2000] CLY 4142.31, 6.120 fn 1
Vorotyntseva v Money-4 Ltd (t/a Nebeus.com) [2018] EWHC 2596 (Ch), [2018] 9 WLUK 5019.88 dn 1
W
Woodward v Abbey National plc, J P Garrett Electrical Limited v Cotton (26 July 2005, unreported) (UKEATPA/0534/05/SM and UKEATPA/0030/05/DZM)9.60 fn 5
Woodward v Abbey National plc (No 2), J P Garrett Electrical Limited v Cotton [2005] 4 All ER 1346, [2005] 7 WLUK 814, [2005] ICR 1702, [2005] IRLR 782, [2005] CLY 12449.60 fn 4
Wright v Doe d Tatham (1837) 7 A & E 313, 11 ER 13783.27
WS Tankship II BV v The Kwangju Bank Ltd [2011] EWHC 3103 (Comm), [2011] 11 WLUK 729, [2012] CILL 31557.46
X
XXX v YYY and ZZZ [2004] EWCA Civ 231, [2004] 2 WLUK 196, [2004] IRLR 4712.67 fn 6
Y
Young v Flint [1986] 4 WLUK 218, [1987] RTR 300, [1988] CLY 31205.230 fn 1
Z
Zahoor v Masood [2009] EWCA Civ 650, [2010] 1 WLR 746, [2010] 1 All ER 888, [2009] 7 WLUK 101, [2009] CP Rep 44, [2010] Bus LR D12, [2010] CLY 4246.123 fn 2
Zurich Insurance Plc v Romaine [2019] EWCA Civ 851, [2019] 1 WLR 5224, [2019] 5 WLUK 279, [2019] CLY 3147.38 fn 1

Court of Justice of the European Union

Al-Khawaja v United Kingdom (26766/05) Tahery v United Kingdom (22228/06) [2011] 12 WLUK 533, [2012] 2 Costs L.O. 139, (2012) 54 EHRR 23, 32 BHRC 1, [2012] Crim LR 375, Times, 22 December 2011, [2012] CLY 6573.7 fn 3
El Majdoub v CarsOnTheWeb.Deutschland GmbH (C-322/14) EU:C:2015:3343, [2015] 1 WLR 3986, [2016] 1 All ER (Comm) 197, [2015] 5 WLUK 617, [2015] All ER (EC) 1073, [2015] CEC 1225, [2015] ILPr 327.98 fn 1
Niche Generics Ltd v European Commission, also known as Perindopril, Re, Servier, Re EU:T:2018:921, [2018] 12 WLUK 705, [2019] 4 CMLR 157.112
Joined Cases C-203/15, Tele2 Sverige and C-698/15, Tom Watson and Others. ch 8 n449.23 fn 2
C-623/17 – A request for a preliminary ruling by the Investigatory Powers Tribunal of the UK concerning data retention in terrorism cases (pending)9.23 fn 2
C-520/18, a request for a preliminary ruling by the Belgian Constitutional Court9.23 fn 2
C-511/18 and C-512/18 requests for a preliminary ruling of the French Conseil D’Etat concerning the legal framework for data retention for criminal investigations and for intelligence services9.23 fn 2

European Court of Human Rights

Funke v France (A/256-A) [1993] 2 WLUK 374, [1993] 1 CML 897, (1993) 16 EHRR 297, [1994] CLY 24318.46 fn 2
Khodorkovskiy and Lebedev v Russia 11082/06 and 13772/05 – [2013] ECHR 747 (25 July 2013)9.12
Saunders v United Kingdom [1996] 12 WLUK 363, [1997] BCC 872, [1998] 1 BCLC 362, (1997) 23 EHRR 213, Times, 8 December 1996, Independent, 14 January 1997, [1997] CLY 28168.45 fn 1, 8.46 fn 2

European Patent Office Technical Board of Appeal

Decision of the President of the EPO dated 26 February 2009 concerning the electronic filing of documents [2009] OJ EPO 1827.240 fn 1, fn 2
ERICSSON/Electronic filing of appeals T1427/09 [2009] 11 WLUK 365, [2010] E.P.O.R. 227.240

Fiji

Kumar v Westpac Banking Corporation [2001] FJHC 1595.230 fn 4

France

235784, 28 December 20017.115 fn 1
00-46467, 30 April 20037.115 fn 1
04-46706, 17 May 20067.195
Décision n° 2018-696 QPC du 30 mars 2018, Le Conseil constitutionnel8.45 fn 3

Germany

AG Erfurt, 28 C 2354/017.102, 7.115 fn 1
FG Münster 11 K 990/057.237 fn 2
Kammergericht Berlin, 12 U 34/7 30 August 2007
LG Konstanz, 2 O 141/01 A7.115 fn 1
OLG Köln, 19 U 16/027.102, 7.115 fn 1
XI ZB 40/06, NJW 20067.194
XI ZR 210/03, BGHZ 160, 308-3217.108 fn 3

Greece

5526/19997.108 fn 7
1327/20017.168
1963/20047.190 fn 1
32/20117.190 fn 1
5845/20137.190 fn 1

Hong Kong

Cinepoly Records Co Ltd v Hong Kong Broadband Network Ltd [2006] HKCFI 84, [2006] 1 HKLRD 255, HCMP2487/2005 (26 January 2006)1.61

India

Anvar P.V. v P.K. Basheer [2014] INSC 658 (18 September 2014)5.1 fn 1
Arjun Panditrao Khotar v Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal (2020 SCC OnLine SC 571)5.1 fn 1
R v Madhub Chunder Giri Mohunt (1874) 21 WRCr (India) 132.71

International Court of Justice

Land and Maritime boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria, ICJ Reports 1991, 315.26 fn 3
Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia) ICJ Reports 1999, 10455.26 fn 3
Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain, ICJ Reports, 2001, Judgment (Merits), 40-16 March 20015.26 fn 1

Ireland

DPP v Brian Meehan [2006] IECCA 104, [2006] 3 IR 468 (CCA)2.24 fn 2
Irish Society v Bishop of Derry & Raphoe (1846) 12 Cl & Fin 641, 8 ER 15616.61 fn 1
People v Colm Murphy [2005] 2 IR 125 (CCA)2.24 fn 2

Israel

Atias v Salfan Ltd 24210/06 (5 July 2006, unpublished)7.182
Computer Sky Edv v Prime Medical Company Ltd 29488/04 (4 August 2005, unpublished)7.126

Italy

Tribunale sez. V, Milano, 18/10/2016, n. 114027.115 fn 1
Tribunale Mondovì, 7 giugno 2004, n. 375 (decr.), Giur. It. 2005, 10267.169, 7.190 fn 1

Japan

Taro Kono (an alias) v The Shinwa Bank, Ltd 8 April 2003, MINSHU Vol. 57 No. 4 at 337, Hanrei-Times No 1121 at 967.107 fn 1
Heisei 22 Nen (Wa) 5356 Gou9.120 fn 8

Lithuania

Ž.Š. v AB Lietuva taupomasis bankas, 3K-3-390/20027.103 fn 2
No. 2A– 95/20067.127 fn 1
No. 3K-3-169/20067.127 fn 2

New Zealand

Cox v Coughlan [2014] NZHC 164 (14 February 2014)7.117 fn 2
H. Gould and Company Limited v Cameron [1951] NZLR 3145.8
Holt v Auckland City Council [1980] 2 NZLR 1243.23, 3.26 fn 3, 4.33, 5.3 fn 1, 5.238
Gachot v Sanson [2009] NZCA (CA95/2008) 867.131
Gong v Zhang [2014] NZHC 28387.33
Marac Financial Services Ltd v Stewart [1993] 1 NZLR 865.230
MFT Properties Limited v Country Club Apartments Limited HC Auckland CIV-2010-404-005913 [2011] NZHC 422 (13 April 2011)7.38
Police v Scott 30/5/97, HC Rotorua AP89/96 (not reported)5.227 fn 1
R v Garrett [2001] DCR 9552.89 fn 2
R v Good [2005] DCR 8045.37 fn 1, 5.216, 9.19 fn 3, 9.60 fn 5
R v Little [2007] NZCA 4912.89 fn 2
R v Livingstone [2001] 1 NZLR 1675.243 fn 1
R v Mokaraka [2002] 1 NZLR 793 (CA)3.27 fn 3
S v S [2017] NZHC 15746.74 fn 1
Sanson v Parval Marketing Limited [2008] NZHC 87 (11 February 2008)7.131
Scott v Otago Regional Council CRI 2008-412-17-20, High Court Dunedin, 3 November 2008, [2008] Your Environment 392, 31 TCL 48/85.243
Senior v Police [2013] NZHC 3576.72, 6.74
Welsch v Gatchell [2007] NZHC 1898, [2009] 1 NZLR 241, (2007) 8 NZCPR 708, (2007) 5 NZ ConvC 194,549 (21 June 2007)7.41, 7.180

Nigeria

Benjamin Agi v Access Bank PLC (2014) BNLR 237.108 fn 4
Geoffrey Amano v United Bank for Africa (UBA) PLC, Suit No: PHC/257/2011, (2013) 3 SLP Law Journal 1147.108 fn 4

Northern Ireland

Bratty v Attorney-General for Northern Ireland [1963] AC 386, [1961] 3 WLR 965, [1961] 3 All ER 523, [1961] 10 WLUK 5, (1962) 46 Cr App R 1 (1961) 105 SJ 865, [1961] CLY 18398.27 fn 2
McGuinness v The Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland [2017] NICA 30, [2017] 5 WLUK 193.50
Public Prosecution Service v Duddy [2008] NCIA 18, [2009] NI 192.22 fn 2
Public Prosecution Service v McGowan [2008] NICA 13, [2009] NI 15.33, 5.70 fn 3, 5.254, 10.13 fn 1
Public Prosecution Service v McKee Public Prosecution Service [2013] UKSC 32, [2013] 1 WLR 1611, [2013] 3 All ER 365, [2013] NI 133, [2013] 5 WLUK 542, [2013] 2 Cr App R 17, [2014] Crim LR 77, Times, 18 June 2013, [2013] CLY 3289, also known as Public Prosecution Service of Northern Ireland v Elliott5.222

Norway

Bernt Petter Jørgensen v DnB NOR Bank ASA by the Chairman of the Board (Trondheim District Court, 24 September 2004), Journal number 04-016794TVI-TRON5.123, 7.107 fn 2
LB-2006-276677.148 fn 2

Papua New Guinea

Roni v Kagure [2004] PGDC 1, DC84 (1 January 2004)7.108 fn 5

Permanent Court of Arbitration

Eritrea/Yemen Award, 9 October 1998; Award 17 December 19995.26 fn 3

Portugal

(Evora) Ac. RE 13-12-2005 (R.982/2005)7.268

Russian Federation

N КГ-А 40/8531-03-П, 5 November 20037.291 fn 2

Scotland

Baillie Estates Ltd v Du Pont (UK) Ltd 2009 GWD 25-399, [2009] ScotCS CSOH_95, [2009] CSOH 957.128
Brown v Stott [2003] 1 AC 681, [2001] 2 WLR 817, [2001] 2 All ER 97, 2001 SC (PC) 43, 2001 SLT 59, 2001 SCCR 62, [2000] 12 WLUK 108, [2001] RTR 11, [2001] HRLR 9, 11 BHRC 179, (2001) 3 LGLR 24, (2001) 145 SJLB 100, 2000 GWD 40-1513, Times, December 6, 2000, Independent, 7 February 2001, [2001] CLY 63198.52
Elf Caledonia Ltd v London Bridge Engineering Ltd [1997] ScotCS 1, 898–900, sub nom Elf Enterprise Caledonia Ltd v London Bridge Engineering Limited [1997] ScotCS 14.10
HM Advocate v Purves 2009 GWD 30-479, [2009] HCJ 2, 2009 SLT 969, [2009] ScotHC HCJ_2, 2010 SCL 887.134
Hopes and Lavery v HM Advocate [1960] Crim LR 566, 1960 JC 104, 1960 SLT 2642.67 fn 2, 2.91
Lord Advocate v Blantyre (1879) 4 App Cas 7702.71
Mohammed Aslam Pervez v Procurator [2000] ScotHC 1115.7 fn 4
Rollo (William) v HM Advocate 1997 JC 23, 1997 SLT 958, 1996 SCCR 874, [1996] 9 WLUK 194, [1997] CLY 57532.32, 8.6 fn 1
Scrimgeour-Wedderburn v Procurator Fiscal, Kirkcaldy [2019] HCJAC 577.136 fn 1

Singapore

Aw Kew Lim v PP [1987] SLR(R) 443, [1987] 2 MLJ 6013.15 fn 1, fn 2
Industrial & Commercial Bank Ltd v Banco Ambrosiano Veneto SpA [2003] 1 SLR 2217.46, 7.230 fn 3, 7.308 fn 2
Odex Pte. Ltd. v Pacific Internet Ltd [2007] SGDC, rev’d on other grounds, [2008] SGHC 35, [2008] 3 SLR 1810.7 fn 1
PP v Ang Soon Huat [1990] 2 SLR(R) 2461.10 fn 3, 2.20 fn 1
PP v Rudy Lim [2010] SGDC 1749.123 fn 1
Singh Chiranjeev v Joseph Mathew [2008] SGHC 222, [2009] 2 SLR 737.189 fn 2
SM Integrated Transware Ltd v Schenker Singapore (Pte) Ltd [2005] 2 SLR 651, [2005] SGHC 587.161, 7.173, 7.178, 7.183
Virtual Map (Singapore) v Singapore Land Authority [2008] SGHC 425.26 fn 3
Wee Soon Kim Anthony v Lim Chor Pee [2005] 4 SLR 367, [2005] SGHC 1597.189

Slovenia

I Up 505/20037.115 fn 1

South Africa

Akasia Finance v Da Souza 1993 (2) SA 337 (W)7.1
Chisnall and Chisnall v Sturgeon and Sturgeon 1993 (2) SA 642 (W)7.178
Diners Club SA (Pty) Ltd v Singh 2004 (3) SA 630 (D)7.107 fn 1
Macdonald v The Master 2002 (5) SA 647.140
Spring Forest Trading v Wilberry (725/13) [2014] ZASCA 178, 2015 (2) SA 118 (SCA) (21 November 2014)7.129
Van Vuuren v Van Vuuren 2 Searle 1167.3

Switzerland

PEN 17 16 DIP, 30 May 2018, Regionalgericht Emmental-Oberaargau, Strafabteilung5.185 fn 2

Tonga

Sefo v R [2004] TOSC 515.230 fn 4

Turkey

2009/114857.107 fn 2
2011/40337.107 fn 2

United States of America

Federal
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Biles, 2011 WL 4014463 2011 (S.D.Miss.)7.202
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Biles, 2011 WL 5325622 (S.D.Miss.)7.202
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Biles, 2011 WL 5835356 (S.D.Miss.) (affidavit of Robert G. Foley)7.202 fn 2
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Biles, 2011 WL 7909386 (S.D.Miss.) (supplemental affidavit of Robert G. Foley)7.202 fn 2
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Biles, 2011 WL 5835357 (S.D.Miss.) (affidavit of William J. Flynn)7.202 fn 3
American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus v Glenda C. Biles, Individually, Natural Mother of David Biles, Deceased, and Administratrix of Estate of David Biles, Deceased, 714 F.3d 887 (5th Cir. 2013)7.202 fn 6
Armstrong v Executive Office of the President, Office of Administration, 1 F.3d 1274 (D.C. Cir. 1993)1.77
Banks v U.S., 94 Fed.Cl. 68 (2010)5.26 fn 3
Belville v Ford Motor Company, 919 F.3d 224 (2019)5.158 fn 1
Buck v Ford Motor Company, 526 Fed.Appx. 603 (2013)5.158 fn 1
Cloud Corporation v Hasbro, Inc,. 314 F.3d 289 (7th Cir. 2002)7.188
Crawford v Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 51, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177, 192 (2004)3.5 fn 1, 3.6, 3.8 fn 1, fn 2, 5.253 fn 1
Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), 113 S.Ct. 27865.63 fn 1, 6.62 fn 2, 7.202 fn 4, 9.137 fn 1
Fisher v United States, 425 U.S. 391 (1976), 96 S.Ct. 1569 (1976)8.59
Frye v United States, 293 F. 1013 (D.C. Cir. 1923)5.263 fn 1
Gasser v United States, 14 Cl.Ct. 476 (1988)5.26 fn 3
In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated March 25, 2011, 670 F.3d 1335 (11th Cir. 2012)8.60 fn 1, 8.60 fn 4, 8.61, 8.74
Hancock v American Telephone & Telegraph Company, Inc., 701 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2012)7.95
Heveafil Sdn. Bdh. v United States, 58 Fed.Appx. 843, 2003 WL 1466193 (Fed.Cir.); 25 ITRD 11289.113
Jarvis v Ford Motor Company, 283 F.3d 33, 51 Fed.R.Serv.3d 1310 (2d Cir. 2002)5.158 fn 1
Knutson v Sirius XM Radio, Inc., 771 F.3d 559, 14 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 12,769, 2014 Daily Journal D.A.R. 15,0587.91
Melendez–Diaz v Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305, 310-11, 129 S.Ct. 2527, 174 L.Ed.2d 314, 321-22 (2009)3.26 fn 2, 5.253 fn 1
Olympic Insurance Company v H. D. Harrison, Inc., 418 F.2d 669 (5th Cir. 1969)6.17 fn 2
Riley v California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014), 134 S.Ct. 2473 (2014)8.71, 8.71 fn 3
St. Martin v Mobil Exploration & Producing U.S. Inc., 224 F.3d 402 (5th Cir. 2000) 31 Envtl. L. Rep. 20, 01155 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 2705.27 fn 3
Shroyer v New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc., 498 F.3d 9767.83
In re Toyota Motor Corp. Unintended Acceleration Marketing, Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, 978 F.Supp.2d 1053, 92 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 714, Prod.Liab.Rep. (CCH) P 19,2445.158 fn 2
In re: Toyota Motor Corp. Unintended Acceleration Marketing, Sales Practices and Products Liability Litigation, Case Protective Order, Case Number: 8:10ML2151 JVS (FMOx)5.259 fn 2
United States v Fullwood, 342 F.3d 409 (5th Cir. 2003)5.26 fn 3
United States v Kilgus, 571 F.2d 508 (9th Cir. 1978)5.26 fn 3
United States v Kuchinski, 469 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2006)1.89 fn 1
United States of America v Apple MacPro Computer, 851 F.3d 238 (3rd Cir. 2017)8.67
United States of America v Bonallo, 858 F.2d 1427 (9th Cir. 1988)5.230 fn 4, 6.19
United States of America v Gavegnano, 305 Fed.Appx. 954 (4th Cir. 2009), 2009 WL 1063708.70
United States of America v Linn, 880 F.2d 209 (9th Cir. 1989)10.9
United States of America v Miller, 70 F.3d 1353 (D.C. Cir. 1995)7.103 fn 1
United States of America v Reedy, 304 F.3d 358 (5th Cir. 2002), 2002 WL 19664989.96 fn 3
United States of America v Ross William Ulbricht, a/k/a Dread Pirate Roberts, a/k/a Silk Road, a/k/a Sealed Defendant 1, a/k/a DPR, 858 F.3d 71 (2nd Cir. 2017)1.50 fn 2
U.S. v Chiaradio, 684 F.3d 265 (1st Cir. 2012)5.62
U.S. v Lizarraga-Tirado, 789 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2015)5.17
Wetsel-Oviatti Lumber Co. Inc., v United States, 40 Fed.Cl. 557 (1998)5.26 fn 3
Xu v Naqvi, 537 Fed.Appx. 76 (2013), 112 A.F.T.R.2d 2013-6538, 2013-2 USTC P 50 5567.31 fn 1
Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
United States v Lubich, 72 M.J. 170 (2013)6.31
Alabama
General Motors Corporation v Johnston, 592 So.2d 1054 (1992)5.132 fn 1
Arizona
Merrick Bank Corporation v Savvis, Inc., 2010 WL 1482015.124 fn 2
California
Aral v Earthlink, Inc., 134 Cal.App.4th 1161 (2005), 36 Cal.Rptr.3d 663 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005)7.90 fn 1
Duhn Oil Tool, Inc. v Cooper Cameron Corporation, 609 F.Supp.2d 1090 (E.D. Cal. 2009)1.60 fn 1
Duhn Oil Tool, Inc. v Cooper Cameron Corporation, 2009 WL 33810521.60 fn 1
Electronic Funds Solutions v Murphy, 34 Cal.App.4th 1161 (2005), 36 Cal.Rptr.3d 663 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005)9.110
Lisker v Knowles, 651 F.Supp.2d 1097 (C.D.Cal. 2009)5.26 fn 3
In the Matter of the Search of an Apple iPhone Seized During the Execution of a Search Warrant on a Black Lexus IS300, California License Plate 35KGD203, 2016 WL 618401 (C.D. Cal. 16 February 2016)8.76 fn 1
In the Matter of the Search of a Residence in Aptos, California 95003, 2018 WL 1400401 (N.D. Cal. 2018)8.60 fn 4
In the Matter of the Search of a Residence in Oakland, California, 354 F.Supp.3d 1010 (N.D. Cal. 2019)8.71, 8.73 fn 1
The People v Lugashi, 205 Cal.App.3d 6325.227
People v Superior Court of Sacramento County, 2004 WL 1468698 (Cal.App. 3 Dist.)9.120 fn 6
Rosas v Macy’s, Inc., 2012 WL 36562747.38 fn 2
Savetsky v Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc. d/b/a LegalShield, 2015 WL 45937447.98 fn 2
United States v Lopez, 2016 WL 7370030 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2016)8.6 fn 1
United States v Spencer, 2018 WL 1964588 (N.D. Cal. 2018)8.60 fn 2, 8.60 fn 4, 8.70 fn 1
Columbia
In the Matter of the Search of [Redacted] Washington, District of Columbia, 317 F.Supp.3d 523 (D.D.C. 2018)8.72 fn 1
Liser v Smith, 254 F.Supp.2d 89 (D.D.C. 2003)4.11, 9.56, 9.60
PHE, Incorporated dba Adam & Eve v Department of Justice, 139 F.R.D. 249 (D.D.C. 1991)1.117
Colorado
The Gates Rubber Company v Bando Chemical Industries Limited, 167 F.R.D. 90 (D.Colo. 1996)9.33
People of the State of Colorado v Huhen, 53 P.3d 735 (Colo.App. 2002)5.128
U.S. v Fricosu, 841 F.Supp.2d 1232 (D.Colo. 2012)8.70 fn 1
Connecticut
Connecticut v Wright, 58 Conn.App. 136, 752 A.2d 1147 (Conn.App. 2000)5.26 fn 3
Ranta v Ranta, 2004 WL 504588 (Conn.Super.)9.110
State v Swinton, 847 A.2d 921 (Conn. 2004)3.24 fn 3
State of Connecticut v Julie Amero, (not reported, 2007)1.87 fn 1, 9.40 fn 2, 9.65 fn 1
United States of America v Triumph Capital Group, Inc., 211 F.R.D. 31 (D.Conn. 2002)9.109
Delaware
Genger v TR Investors, LLC, 26 A.3d 180 (2011), 2011 WL 28028329.109 fn 1
Florida
In Re Air Crash Near Cali, Colombia on December 20, 24 F.Supp.2d 1340 (1998)5.145 fn 2
CX Digital Media, Inc. v Smoking Everywhere, Inc., 2011 WL 1102782 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 23, 2011)1.58 fn 1
Ford Motor Company v Stimpson, 115 So. 3d 401 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013)5.158 fn 1
IT Strategies Group, Inc. v The Allday Consulting Group, L.L.C., 975 F.Supp.2d 1267 (2013)7.100 fn 3
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Inc. v Dade City’s Wild Things, Inc., 2017 WL 5187770 (M.D. Fla. Nov. 9, 2017)1.60 fn 1
State of Florida v Bastos, 985 So.2d 37 (Fla.App. 3 Dist. 2008)5.253
State of Florida v Bjorkland, 924 So.2d 971 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)4.37 fn 2
State of Florida v Stahl, 206 So.3d 124 (Fla.App. 2 Dist. 2016)8.70 fn 1
Strasser v Yalamanchi, 783 So.2d 1087 (Fla.App. 4 Dist. 2001), 2001 WL 1950569.112
Idaho
In the Matter of the Search of: a White Google Pixel 3 XL Cellphone in a black incipio case, 398 F.Supp.3d 785 (D.Idaho 2019)8.72
Illinois
In re Application for a Search Warrant, 236 F.Supp.3d 1066 (N.D.Ill. 2017)8.74 fn 1
I & M Rail Link v Northstar Navigation, 21 F.Supp. 849 (N.D.Ill. 1998)5.26 fn 3
In the Matter of the Search Warrant Application for the cellular telephone in United States v Barrera, 415 F.Supp.3d 832 (N.D.Ill. 2019)8.72 fn 1, fn 3
Kesse v Ford Motor Company, 2020 WL 8323635.158 fn 1
Trustmark National Bank v Target Corporation, Case NO 14-CV-20695.124 fn 2
VPR Internationale v Does, 1-1017, 2011 WL 8179128 11.61 fn 5
Indiana
Eunjoo Seo v State, 148 N.E.3d 952 (2019)8.71 fn 1
Seo v State, 109 N.E.3d 418 (Ind.App. 2018)8.71 fn 1
Iowa
Ferguson v Stilwill, 224 N.W.2d 117.227 fn 1
Wilkens v Iowa Insurance Commissioner, 457 N.W.2d 1 (Iowa App. 1990)7.114 fn 1
Kansas
In re Estate of McLeish, 49 Kan.App.2d 246, 307 P.3d 221 (Kan.App. 2013)7.86 fn 2
Kerr v Dillard Stores Services, Inc., 2009 WL 385863, 105 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. (BNA) 1298, 92 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 43,4837.93
In the Matter of the Marriage of Takusagawa, 38 Kan.App.2d 401, 166 P.3d 4407.84
Ronald L. Jones Charitable Trust v Sanders, 284 P.3d 375 (2012), 2012 WL 39665577.86 fn 2
Swayden v Ricke, 242 P.3d 1281 (2010), 2010 WL 49771585.26 fn 3
Whitlow v Board of Education, 108 Kan. 604, 196 P. 7727.84
Williams v Sprint/United Management Company, 230 F.R.D. 640 (D.Kan. 2005)1.72
Zhou v Pittsburg State University, 2003 WL 1905988 (D.Kan.)9.110 fn 4
Kentucky
Sawyer v Mills, Ky., 295 S.W.3d 797.88
Maine
Richardson v Bachelder, 19 Me. 82, 1841 WL 932 (Me.), 1 App. 827.227 fn 1
Maryland
Harold H. Huggins Realty, Inc., v FNC, INC., 575 F.Supp.2d 6967.90 fn 1
Massachusetts
Basis Technology Corporation v Amazon.com, Inc., 71 Mass.App.Ct. 29, 878 N.E.2d 952 (Mass.App.Ct. 2008)7.153 fn 2
Campbell v General Dynamics Government Systems Corporation, 321 F.Supp.2d 142 (D.Mass. 2004)7.153
Commonwealth v Jones, 117 N.E.3d 702 (Mass. 2019), 481 Mass. 540 (Sup.Jud.Ct. 2019)8.60 fn 3, 8.70 fn 1
CSX Transportation, Inc. v Recovery Express, Inc., 415 F.Supp.2d 6 (D.Mass. 2006)7.151 fn 1
Doherty v Registry of Motor Vehicles, No 97/CV0050 (Suffolk, SS Massachusetts District Court, May 28, 1997)7.114 fn 1
Shattuck v Klotzbach, 14 Mass. L. Rptr 360, 2001 WL 1839720 (Mass. Super.), affirmed 407 F.3d 546 (1st Cir. 2005)7.188
Michigan
Williams v Litton Systems, Inc., 422 Mich. 796 (1985)5.132 fn 1
Williams v Litton Systems, Inc., 164 Mich.App. 195, 416 N.W.2d 704 (1987)5.132 fn 1
Williams v Unit Handling Systems Div. of Litton Systems, Inc., 433 Mich. 755, 449 N.W.2d 669 (1989)5.132 fn 1
Minnesota
In re Commissioner of Public Safety v Underdahl, 735 N.W.2d 706 (Minn. 2007)5.253 fn 1
Premier Homes and Land Corporation v Cheswell, Inc., 240 F.Supp.2d 97 (D.Mass. 2002), 2002 WL 319073299.120 fn 6
State of Minnesota v Diamond, 905 N.W.2d 870 (Minn. 2018)8.72 fn 2
State of Minnesota v Underdahl, 767 N.W.2d 677 (Minn. 2009)5.253 fn 1
Mississippi
Franklin County Cooperative v MFC Services (A.A.L.), 441 So.2d 1376 (Miss. 1983)7.86 fn 3
Missouri
Burcham v Expedia, Inc., 2009 WL 5865135.254
State of Missouri v Johnson, 576 S.W.3d 205 (Mo.App. W.D. 2019)8.70 fn 1
Nebraska
State of Nebraska v Ford, 501 N.W.2d 318 (Neb.App. 1993)10.16
Nevada
United States v Wright, 431 F.Supp.3d 1175 (D.Nev. 2020)8.73
New Hampshire
Howley v Whipple, 48 N.H. 487 (1869)2.42 fn 1
New Jersey
Hahnemann University Hospital v Dudnick, 292 N.J.Super. 11, 678 A.2d 266 (N.J.Super.A.D. 1996)5.140
Monarch Federal Savings & Loan Association v Gesner, 156 N.J.Super. 107, 383 A.2d 475 (Ch.Div. 1977)6.29
Pittson Co. v Allianz Insurance Co., 905 F.Supp. 1279 (D.N.J. 1995) rev’d in part on other grounds, 124 F.3d 508 (3d Cir. 1997)5.26 fn 3
Spevack, Cameron & Boyd v National Community Bank of New Jersey, 677 A.2d 1168 (N.J.Super.A.D. 1996), 291 N.J.Super. 5777.109
State of New Jersey v Andrews, 197 A.3d 200 (N.J.Super.A.D. 2018)8.70 fn 1
State of New Jersey v Chun, 194 N.J. 54, 943 A.2d 1144.37, 5.24
State of New Jersey in the Interests of J. B. A Minor, 2010 WL 38367555.26 fn 3
State of New Jersey v Pickett, 466 N.J.Super. 270, 246 A.3d 2795.263
State of New Jersey v Swed, 255 N.J.Super. 228, 604 A.2d 978 (N.J.Super.A.D. 1992)6.29
U.S. v Scarfo, 180 F.Supp.2d 572 (D.N.J. 2001)8.4 fn 3
New Mexico
United States v Bandy, Slip Copy, 2021 WL 4148309.86 fn 1
New York
Alfano v LC Main, LLC, 38 Misc.3d 1233(A) (2013) 969 N.Y.S.2d 801 (Table), 2013 WL 1111969 (N.Y.Supp.), 2013 N.Y. Slip Op. 50373(U)6.19 fn 1
In re Apple, Inc., 149 F.Supp.3d 341 (E.D.N.Y. 2016)8.78 fn 1, fn 2, 8.81 fn 4
Banco del Austro, S.A., v Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 215 F.Supp.3d 302, 90 UCC Rep.Serv.2d 12927.230 fn 1
Bazak International Corp. v Tarrant Apparel Group, 378 F.Supp.2d 37758 (S.D.N.Y. 2015)7.152
Berkson v Gogo, LLC, 97 F.Supp.3d 359 (2015)7.94 fn 3
Brown v The Butchers & Drovers’ Bank, 6 Hill 443, 41 Am.Dec. 7557.109 fn 1
Feldman v Citibank, N.A.; Pickman v Citibank, N.A., N.Y.City Civ.Ct., 443 N.Y.S.2d 437.108 fn 2
Fjeja v Facebook, Inc. 841 F.Supp.2d 829 (2012)7.98
Judd v Citibank, N.Y.City Civ.Ct., 435 N.Y.S.2d 2107.108 fn 2
Karam v Adirondack Neurosurgical Specialists, P.C., 93 A.D.3d 1260 (2012), 941 N.Y.S.2d 402, 2012 N.Y. Slip Op. 021825.164 fn 5
Labajo v Best Buy Stores, L.P., 478 F.Supp.2d 523 (S.D.N.Y. 2007)7.197 fn 2
In the Matter of an Article 75 Proceeding ADHY Investments Properties, LLC, Petitioner v Garrison Lifestyle Pierce Hill LLC, 41 Misc.3d 1211(A), 980 N.Y.S.2d 274, 2013 N.Y. Slip Op. 51634(U)7.34 fn 1
Novak d/b/a PetsWarehouse.com v Tucows, Inc., 73 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 331, 2007 WL 9223065.254 fn 4
Novak v Tucows, Inc., 330 Fed.Appx. 204, 2009 WL 12629475.254 fn 4
In re Order requiring Apple, Inc, to assist in the execution of a search warrant issued by this Court, 2015 WL 5920207 (E.D.N.Y. 2015)8.78 fn 1
Parma Tile Mosaic & Marble Co., Inc., v Estate of Fred Short d/b/a Sime Construction Co., 155 Misc.2d 950 590 N.Y.S.2d 1019 (Sup. 1992)7.41
Parma Tile Mosaic & Marble Co., Inc., v Estate of Fred Short d/b/a Sime Construction Co., 209 A.D.2d 495, 619 N.Y.S.2d 6287.41 fn 1
Parma Tile Mosaic & Marble Co., Inc., v Estate of Fred Short d/b/a Sime Construction Co., 663 N.E.2d 633 (N.Y. 1996), 640 N.Y.S.2d 477 (Ct.App. 1996), 87 N.Y.2D 5247.41 fn 1
Paul D. Ceglia v Mark Zuckerberg, Individually, and Facebook, Inc., 600 Fed.Appx. 34 (2015)9.124 fn 1
People v Carter, 50 Misc.3d 1210(A), 36 N.Y.S.3d 48 (Table), 2016 WL 239708, 2016 N.Y. Slip Op. 50067(U)5.64 fn 1
People v Collins, 49 Misc.3d 595, 15 N.Y.S.3d 564 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2015), 2015 N.Y. Slip Op. 252275.64 fn 1
People of the State of New York v Rose, 11 Misc.3d 200 (2005), 805 N.Y.S.2d 506, 2005 N.Y. Slip Op. 255262.6, 7.50
People v Williams, 35 N.Y.3d 24 (2020), 147 N.E.3d 1131, 124 N.Y.S.3d 593, 2020 N.Y. Slip Op. 021235.263 fn 1, 7.108 fn 2
Porter v Citibank, N.A. 123 Misc.2d 28, 472 N.Y.S.2d 582 (N.Y.City Civ.Ct. 1984)5.74
Robotic Vision Systems, Inc. v Cybo Systems, Inc., 17 F.Supp.2d 151 (E.D.N.Y. 1998)5.77 fn 1
Rosenfeld v Zerneck, 776 N.Y.S.2d 458 (Sup. 2004), 4 Misc.3d 1947.41 fn 1
State of New York, by Abrams v Citibank, N.A., 537 F.Supp. 1192 (1982)7.108 fn 2
Stevens v Publicis, S.A., 50 A.D.3d 253, 854 N.T.S.2d 690, 2008 N.Y. Slip Op. 028807.152
U.S. Commodity Future Trading Commission v Amaranth Advisors, L.L.C., 554 F. Supp. 2d 523 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)1.58 fn 1
United States v Johnson, Case No. 1:15-er-00565-VEC (S.D.N.Y. June 7, 2016)5.64 fn 1
Zubulake v UBS Warburg LLC, 217 F.R.D. 309 (S.D.N.Y. 2003)1.31 fn 1
Zubulake v UBS Warburg LLC, 216 F.R.D. 280 (S.D.N.Y. 2003)1.31 fn 1
North Carolina
Meadlock v American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus, 221 N.C.App. 669, 729 S.E.2d 127 (Table), 2012 WL 28910797.202 fn 7
State of North Carolina v Marino, 747 S.E.2d 633 (N.C.App. 2013)5.253 fn 1
Ohio
Buck v Ford Motor Company, 810 F.Supp.2d 815 (N.D.Ohio 2011)5.259 fn 3
Fry v King, 192 Ohio App.3d 692, 950 N.E.2d 229 (Ohio App. 2 Dist. 2011), 2011 WL 7665835.26 fn 3
In re National Century Financial Enterprises, Inc., Amedisys, Inc., v JP Morgan Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustees, 310 B.R. 580 (Bkrtcy.S.D.Ohio 2004)7.152
State of Ohio v Starner, Slip Copy, 2009 WL 3532306 (Ohio App. 3 Dist.)9.105 fn 1
Oklahoma
Bookout v Toyota Motor Corporation, No. CJ-2008-7969 (not reported)5.94, 5.158, 5.181 fn 5, 5.184
Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma v Continental Carbon Co., 2008 WL 72119815.26 fn 3
Rogers v Dell Computer Corporation, 127 P.3d 560 (Okla. 2005)7.90 fn 1
Oregon
Cole v Ford Motor Company, 136 Or.App. 45, 900 P.2d 1059 (1995)5.158 fn 1
State of Oregon v Pittman, 452 P.3d 1011 (Or.App. 2020)8.70 fn 1
Pennsylvania
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v Copenhefer, 526 Pa. 555, 587 A.2d 1353 (Pa. 1991)8.4 fn 4
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v Rizzuto, 777 A.2d 1069 (Pa. 2001)8.4 fn 4
In re Plate’s Estate, 148 Pa. 55, 23 A. 10387.9 fn 1
Robb v The Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, 40 W.N.C. 129, 3 Pa.Super. 254, 1897 WL 3989 (Pa.Super. 1897) affirmed by 186 Pa. 456, 40 A. 969
Securities and Exchange Commission v Huang, 2015 WL 5611644 (E.D. Pa. 2015)8.71 fn 1
United States v Ellis, Slip Copy, 2021 WL 16007115.263, fn 2
Puerto Rico
Wojciechowicz v United States, 576 F.Supp.2d 214 (D.Puerto Rico 2008)5.26 fn 3
Tennessee
State v Reed, 2009 WL 29915485.26 fn 3
Waddle v Elrod, 367 S.W.3d 217 (2012)7.117
Texas
Arista Records, L.L.C. v Tschirhart, 241 F.R.D. 462 (2006), 2006 WL 27289279.110 fn 2
Hotels.com, L.P. v Canales, 195 S.W.3d 147, 195 S.W.3d 147 (2006)7.98 fn 3
Krause v State, 243 S.W.3d 95 (Tex.App. 2007), 2007 WL 20049409.40 fn 2
Parks v Seybold, 2015 WL 44817687.121
Williford v State of Texas, 127 S.W.3d 309 (Tex.App.-Eastland 2004), 2004 WL 675609.130 fn 3
Vermont
In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, 2007 WL 4246473 (D.Vt.)8.56 fn 3, 8.57 fn 1, fn 2
In re Grand Jury Subpoena to Sebastien Boucher, 2009 WL 424718 (D.Vt.)8.56 fn 2, 8.57 fn 3, fn 4
Virginia
U.S. v Burr, 25 F.Cas. 187 (1807)3.8 fn 2
Washington
Singh v Edwards Lifesciences Corp., 151 Wash. App. 137, 210 P.3d 337 (2009)5.164 fn 2
West Virginia
Johnson v Ford Motor Company, 310 F.Supp.3d 699 (2018)5.158 fn 1
Wisconsin
In the Matter of the Decryption of a Seized Data Storage System, 2013 WL 12327372 (E.D. Wis. 2013)8.60
State v Loomis, 881 N.W.2d 749 (Wis. 2016)5.82 fn
State v Loomis, 137 S.Ct. 2290 (2017)5.82 fn 1
Wyoming
Estate of Reed v Buckley, Re, 672 P.2d 829 (Wyo. 1983)7.86 fn 3, 7.140 fn 2

Zimbabwe

Tedco Mgmt Svcs (PVT) Ltd v Grain Marketing Board 1996 (1) ZLR 109 (SC)7.32

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