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table of contents
Australia
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth) | 7.198 |
Commonwealth Evidence Act 1995 | 6.61 fn 2 |
s 155 | |
Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) | |
s 10(1)(a) | 7.198 |
s 10(1)(b) | 7.198 |
Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) | 5.260 fn 1, 6.61 fn 2 |
s 59(1) | 3.35 fn 1 |
s 68 | 3.30 fn 5 |
s 69 | 3.31 fn 4 |
s 69(3) | 3.31 fn 3 |
New South Wales | |
Electronic Transaction Act 2000 (NSW) | |
s 9(1) | 7.156 |
Limitation Act 1969 (NSW) | 7.155 |
s 14 | 7.156 |
s 54 | 7.156 |
s 54(4) | 7.156 |
Northern Territory | |
Electronic Transactions (Northern Territory) Act 2000 (NT) | |
s 9 | 7.118 |
Victoria | |
Instruments Act 1958 (Vic) | |
s 126 | 7.131 |
Canada
Federal | |
Canada Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) | |
s 24 | 6.61 fn 2 |
s 25 | 6.61 fn 2 |
s 26 | 6.61 fn 2 |
s 29(2) | 2.31 |
s 31.2(1)(a) | 6.51 |
s 31.3(1) | 6.44 |
s 31.5 | 6.26 |
s 41.2 | 6.27 |
s 41.3 | 6.27 |
Ontario | |
Limitations Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 24 | 7.125, fn 2 |
Quebec | |
Code civil du Québec | |
art 726 | 7.140 |
Saskatchewan | |
Electronic Information and Documents Act 2000, S.S. 2000 | 7.147 |
Wills Act, 1996, S.S. 1996 | |
s 37 | 7.147 |
China
Electronic Signatures Law of the People’s Republic of China of 2004 | 7.120, fn 2 |
Electronic Signatures Law of the People’s Republic of China of 2015 | 7.120 fn 2 |
Denmark
Administration of Justice Act 2004 | |
s 261(2) | 7.193 |
Registration of Property Act | |
s 9(1) | 7.193 |
England and Wales
B | |
Bankers’ Books Evidence Act 1879 | 2.67 fn 4, 6.113 fn 1, 6.115, 6.119 |
s 3 | 6.113 fn 1 |
s 4 | 6.116 |
s 5 | 6.115 |
s 9 | 6.118 |
s 9(2) | 6.120 |
Betting and Gaming Act 1981 | 2.31 |
Bills of Exchange Act 1882 | 7.1 fn 2 |
s 24 | 7.332. fn 1 |
C | |
Civil Evidence Act 1995 | 2.46, 2.64, 5.214 |
s 1(1) | 3.30 |
s 1(2)(b) | 3.30 fn 6 |
s 2 | 3.30 fn 3, 3.30 fn 5 |
s 3 | 3.30 fn 5 |
s 4(2)(c) | 3.30 fn 7 |
s 7(2) | 3.31 |
s 8 | 2.49, 2.59, 2.66, 6.23 |
s 8(1) | 2.59, 2.60, 2.61 |
a 8(1)(a) | 2.59, 2.60 |
s 8(1)(b) | 2.59, 2.60 |
s 8(2) | 2.59, 2.62 |
s 9 | 6.61 fn 2 |
s 9(2) | 3.31 fn 1 |
s 9(3) | 3.32 |
s 9(4) | 3.31 fn 3 |
s 9(4)(a) | 3.31 fn 5 |
s 9(5) | 3.31 fn 2 |
s 11 | 3.30 fn 1 |
s 13 | 2.27, 2.60 |
Communications Act 2003 | |
s 127(1)(a) | 1.82 |
s 127(3) | 1.82 |
s 406(1), sch 17(158) | 7.51 |
s 406(7), sch 19(1) | 7.51, 7.55 fn 1 |
Computer Misuse Act 1990 | 8.41 fn 3 |
s 3(1) | 9.132 |
Consumer Credit Act 1974 | 7.101 |
s 77A | 5.177 |
Consumer Credit Act 2006 | |
s 6 | 5.177 |
Criminal Evidence Act 1965 | 2.16 |
s 1(1) | 2.17 fn 1 |
s 1(1)(a) | 2.16 |
Criminal Justice Act 1925 | |
s 41 | 2.75 fn 1 |
Criminal Justice Act 1988 | 3.33 |
s 23(3) | |
s 24 | 2.64 fn 1, 3.56 |
s 24(4) | 3.56 |
s 27 | 2.64 fn 1, 5.210, 6.24 |
s 35(A) | 2.73 fn 2 |
s 35(A)(2) | 2.73 fn 3 |
Part II | 2.64 fn 1 |
sch 13 | 3.59 |
sch 16 | 10.6 fn 2 |
Criminal Justice Act 1991 | |
s 54 | 2.73 fn 3 |
Criminal Justice Act 2003 | 2.46, 3.33, 3.54 |
s 27 | |
s 114 | 3.33, 3.34 |
s 114(1) | 3.33, 3.34, 3.34 fn 1, 3.36 fn 4 |
s 114(1)(d) | 2.68 fn 2 |
s 114(2) | 2.72 |
s 115 | 6.25 |
s 115(2) | 3.34 fn 1 |
s 115(3) | 3.34 fn 2 |
s 115(3)(a) and (b) | 3.36 fn 4 |
s 117 | 3.56, 3.59, 10.20 fn 2 |
s 117(2)(a) | 3.60 |
s 117(2)(b) | 3.60 |
s 118(1) | 3.34 |
s 118(2) | 3.35 fn 2 |
s 118(4) | 3.54 fn 1 |
s 121 | 3.33 fn 3 |
s 121(c) | 3.33 fn 3 |
s 126(1)(b) | 3.64 |
s 129 | 3.46, 4.11 fn 1, 5.247 |
s 129(1) | 3.48 fn 2, 4.13 fn 1, 5.245 |
s 129(2) | 3.48 fn 3, 5.247 |
s 133 | 2.49, 2.63, 2.64, 2.66, 6.23 |
s 134(1) | 6.24 fn 3 |
Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 | |
s 56 | 8.43 fn 1 |
E | |
Electronic Communications Act 2000 | 7.51, 7.75, 7.175, 7.175 fn 1 |
s 4(2) | 7.51 |
s 7 | 7.51, 7.62, 7.66, 7.175 |
s 7(1) | 7.62 |
s 7(1)(a) | 7.63 |
s 7(1)(b) | 7.63, 7.64 |
s 7(2) | 7.54, 7.75, 7.175 |
s 7(2)(a) | 1.175 |
s 7(3) | 7.64, 7.65 |
s 8(1) | 7.69 |
s 8(2)(a) | 7.71 fn 1 |
s 8(2)(b) | 7.71 fn 2 |
s 8(2)(c) | 7.71 fn 3 |
s 8(2)(d) | 7.71 fn 4 |
s 8(2)(e) | 7.71 fn 5 |
s 8(2)(f) | 7.71 fn 6 |
s 8(2)(g) | 7.71 fn 7 |
s 8(3) | 7.70 |
s 8(4) | 7.72 |
s 8(4)(g) | 7.72, 7.74 |
s 8(5) | 7.72, 7.73, 7.74 |
s 8(6) | 7.70 |
s 8(6)(b) | 7.70 |
s 8(7) | 7.69 fn 1 |
s 11 | 7.51 |
s 12 | 7.51 |
s 14 | 7.51 |
s 15(1) | 7.51, 7.55 |
s 15(2) | 7.63 |
Extradition Act 2003 | |
s 2 | 7.132 |
s 2(7) | 7.132, 7.133 |
s 2(8) | 7.132 |
F | |
Finance Act 1999 | |
s 132 | 7.69 fn 1 |
Freedom of Information Act 2000 | |
s 32 | 2.31 |
H | |
Human Fertilisation And Embryology Act 2008 | 5.225, 5.254 fn 5 |
Human Rights Act 1998 | 5.234, 8.46 |
s 2(1) | 8.46 fn 4 |
s 6(1) | 8.46 fn 3 |
s 8 | 2.75 fn 1 |
I | |
Insolvency Act 1986 | |
s 206(1)(c) | 2.32 fn 1 |
Interpretation Act 1978 | 7.10 |
sch 1 | 2.27 |
Investigatory Powers Act 2016 | |
s 62(7) | 9.23 fn 1 |
L | |
Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 | |
s 2 | 7.44, 7.115 fn 1 |
P | |
Police Act 1996 | |
s 22A | 9.17 fn 3 |
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 | 10.4 |
s 8 | 8.13 fn 3 |
s 18 | 8.13 fn 2 |
s 68 | 10.6, 10.6 fn 2 |
s 69 | 2.38, 2.38 fn 2, 5.1 fn 1, 5.192 fn 1, 5.211, 10.8, 10.12, 10.17 |
s 78 | 2.68 fn 2, 8.51 fn 2, 10.21 |
sch 7 pt III | 2.16 fn 2 |
Police (Property) Act 1897 | 8.43 |
s 1 | 8.42 fn 1 |
Policing and Crime Act 2009 | |
s 26 | 5.222 fn 9 |
s 112(1)(2) | 5.222 fn 9 |
s 116(6) | 5.222 fn 9 |
sch 7 para 128(2) | 5.222 fn 9 |
sch 8 pt 13 | 5.222 fn 9 |
Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 | 8.47 |
Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 | |
s 6 | 9.92 fn 1 |
Protection from Harassment Act 1997 | 4.26 |
R | |
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 | 7.51, 7.76, 7.250, 8.8, 8.41, 8.42, 8.44 |
s 32(3)(b) | 8.14 fn 4 |
s 49 | 7.76, 7.250, 8.1 fn 1, 8.10 fn 1, 8.10 fn 2, 8.10 fn 3, 8.12, 8.16, 8.41, 8.48 |
s 49(2) | 8.13 |
s 49(3) | 8.14 fn 3 |
s 49(4) | 8.20 |
s 49(4)(b) | 8.20 fn 1, 8.20 fn 4 |
s 49(4)(c) | 8.20 fn 2 |
s 49(4)(f) | 8.20 fn 3 |
s 49(4)(g) | 8.20 fn 5 |
s 49(5), (6) | 8.22 fn 2 |
s 49(7) | 8.22 fn 3 |
s 49(9) | 8.24 fn 1 |
s 49(9)(b) | 8.25 fn 1 |
s 50(1) | 8.21 fn 1 |
s 50(3) | 8.10 fn 3, 8.22 fn 1 |
s 50(4), (5), (6), (7), (8) | 8.22 fn 1 |
s 52 | 8.20 |
s 53 | 8.10 fn 1, 8.48 |
s 53(1) | 8.26 fn 1 |
s 53(3)(a) | 8.27 fn 1 |
s 53(3)(b) | 8.27 fn 3 |
s 53(4) | 8.28 fn 1 |
s 53(5) | 8.30 fn 1, 8.30 fn 2 |
s 53(5A)(a) | 8.30 fn 1 |
s 53(5A)(b) | 8.30 fn 2 |
s 53(5B) | 8.30 fn 3 |
s 53(6) | 8.30 fn 4 |
s 53(7) | 8.30 fn 4 |
s 54 | 8.10 fn 4, 8.38 fn 1 |
s 54(1) | 8.38 fn 2 |
s 54(4) | 8.38 fn 3 |
s 54(5) | 8.38 fn 4 |
s 54(6) | 8.38 fn 5 |
s 54(7) | 8.38 fn 6 |
s 54(8) | 8.38 fn 1 |
s 54(9) | 8.39 fn 7 |
s 54(10) | 8.38 fn 8 |
s 56(1) | 7.76, 8.3 fn 2, 8.9, 8.23 |
s 56(2) | 8.17 |
s 71(4) | 8.8 fn 1 |
s 82, sch 4(10) | 7.51 |
sch 2 para 1(1) | 8.14 fn 1 |
Part III | 8.47 |
Road Traffic Act 1988 | |
s 5(1)(a) | 5.219 |
s 7(1)(a) | 5.219 |
Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 | |
s 20 | 5.222 fn 4 |
S | |
Statute of Frauds 1677 | 7.46, 7.137, 7.157, 7.164, 7.184 |
s 4 | 7.158, 7.159, 7.180, 7.181 |
T | |
Taxes Management Act 1970 | |
s 20D(3) | 2.27 |
W | |
Water Resources Act 1991 | |
sch 4 Pt II | 7.10 fn 1 |
Y | |
Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 | |
s 27 | 2.73 |
s 60 | 2.38 fn 2, 5.1 fn 1, 5.211 fn 1, 5.214 fn 1 |
sch 6 | 5.211 fn 1 |
France
Civil Code | |
art 1316-4 | 7.195 |
Japan
Civil Procedure Law (No 109 of 1998) | |
art 228 (2), (3) | 7.325 fn 2 |
art 228 (4) | 7.325 fn 1 |
art 229 | 7.325 fn 3 |
Depositor Protection Act 2005 | 7.107 fn 1 |
New Zealand | |
Evidence Act 2006 | |
s 4 | 3.35 fn 1 |
s 8 | 3.64 fn 1 |
s 18(1)(b)(i) | 3.5 fn 3 |
s 20 | 3.31 fn 4 |
Scotland
Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 | 7.135 |
Legal Writings (Counterparts and Delivery) (Scotland) Act 2015 | 7.49 |
Singapore
Civil Law Act (Cap 43, 1994 Rev Ed). | |
s 6(d) | 7.183, 7.184, 7.186 |
Electronic Transactions Act 1998 | |
s 4(1)(d) | 7.185 |
Legal Profession Act (Cap 161, 2001 Rev Ed) | |
s 111 | 7.189 |
South Africa
Administration of Estates Act, 1965 (Act No. 66 of 1965) | |
Wills Act 34 of 1964 | |
s 2(1) | 7.144 |
s 2(1)(a) | 7.142 |
s 2(3) | 7.143, 7.144, 7.146 |
United States of America
Federal | |
All Writs Act 28 U.S. Code § 1651 | 8.77, 8.78 |
Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. | |
§106(5) | 7.82 |
Federal Rules of Evidence | 6.31, 10.10 |
Rule 902(1), (2) | 6.61 fn 2 |
Rule 902(11) | 6.61 fn 2 |
Uniform Electronic Transactions Act K.S.A. 2006 Supp 16-1601 | |
s 16-1602(f) | 7.85 |
s 16-1602(h) | 7.85 |
s 16-1602(i) | 7.85 |
Kansas
Statute of Frauds Ch 33 | 7.84, 7.86, 7.87 |
Kentucky
Kentucky Revised Statute 2015, 371.010 Statute of frauds | 7.88 |
Tennessee
Tennessee Code Ch 2 Statute of Frauds | 7.117 |
Table of Statutory Instruments
England and Wales | |
Consumer Credit (Agreements) Regulations 2010, SI 2010/1014 | 7.710 |
Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2016, SI 2016/120 (L. 1) | 8.42 fn 2 |
Education (Restriction of Employment) Regulations 2000, SI 2000/2419 | |
reg 5(1)(c) | 9.66 |
Electronic Communications Act 2000 (Commencement No 1) Order 2000, SI 2000/1798 | 7.51 |
The Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions Regulations 2016, SI 2016/696 | 7.51, 7.54 fn 1 |
The Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019/89 | 7.51 |
Electronic Signatures Regulations 2002, SI 2002/318 | 7.67 |
reg 4(1)(d) | 7.67 fn 1 |
reg 4(3)(d) | 7.67 fn 1 |
Magistrates’ Court Rules 1981, SI 1981/552 | |
r 3A(2) | 8.42 fn 2 |
The Magistrates’ Courts (Hearsay Evidence in Civil Proceedings) Rules 1999, SI 1999/681 | 3.30 fn 2 |
The Payment Services Regulations 2009, SI 209/2009 | 7.332 fn 1 |
The Payment Services (Amendment) Regulations 2009, SI 2475/2009 | 7.332 fn 1 |
Northern Ireland | |
Criminal Justice (Evidence) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 No 1501 (N.I.10) | |
art 18(1)(b) | 3.50 |
art 22(1)(4)(a) | 3.50 |
art 33(2) | 5.33 |
Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 No. 1341 (N.I. 12) | |
art 61(8B) | 5.222 |
Table of European Legislation
Directives | |
Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures, OJ L13, 19.01.2000, 12 | 7.175 fn 1 |
Directive 2000/31/EC on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (Directive on electronic commerce), OJ L 187/1, 17.7.2000 1 | 7.175 fn 1 |
Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments amending Council Directives 85/611/EEC and 93/6/EEC and Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 93/22/EEC, OJ L 145, 30.4.2004, 1 | 5.177 fn 1 |
Directive 2007/64/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on payment services in the internal market amending Directives 97/7/EC, 2002/65/EC, 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and repealing Directive 97/5/EC (Text with EEA relevance) OJ L 319, 5.12.2007, 1 | 7.332 fn 1 |
Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings OJ L 65, 11.3.2016, 1 | 8.87 |
Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC OJ L 130, 17.5.2019, 92 | |
art 15 | 9.44 fn 2 |
art 17 | 9.44 fn 2 |
Regulations | |
Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. OJ L 12, 16.1.2001, 1 | 7.98 fn 1 |
European Union Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC, OJ L257, 28.8.2014, 73 | |
art 3(10) | 7.59, 7.59 fn 1 |
Table of International Legislation
Convention on Cybercrime ETS No.185 (Budapest, 23/11/2001) | 9.55, 9.55 fn 2 |
art 16 | 9.50 fn 1 |
art 29 | 9.50 fn 1 |
European Convention on Human Rights | |
art 6 | 8.46, 10.21 |
art 6(3)(d) | 3.7 fn 3 |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights | 8.87 |
United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts | |
art 9(3) | 7.201 |
Table of Other Enactments
England and Wales | |
Civil Procedure Rules | 2.31, 9.17 |
R 31 | 2.39, 6.16 |
R 32.1(2) | 2.69 |
R 32.19 | 6.16 |
R 32.3 | 2.73 fn 2 |
R 35 | 10.23 fn 1 |
Criminal Procedure Rules | |
Part 3, rule 3.3(2)(c)(ii) | 5.199 |
Part 19 | 10.23 fn 1 |
Rules of the Supreme Court | |
Or 24 | 2.29 |
European Commission | |
European Patent Convention Rules | |
R 50(3) | 7.240 |
Rules of Procedure of the General Court of 2 May 1991 | |
art 3(1) | 7.112 |
Germany | |
Zivilprozessordnung | |
§ 130 | 7.194 |
§ 130(6) | 7.194 |