Bibliography

Unpublished primary sources

• Birmingham Library, Special Collections

Boulton Papers

• Dublin, National Library of Ireland

Drummond Papers

• Durham University, Special Collections

Grey Papers

• London, British Library

Althorp Papers

Graham Papers

Iddesleigh Papers

Place Papers

Liverpool Papers

• London, History of Parliament

Unpublished Parkes transcripts

Unpublished facsimile ‘Autobiography of five hundred members of Parliament’

• London, National Archives, Kew

T72 –Municipal and Parliamentary Boundaries Commission: Draft Maps and Plans

PC 2 –Records of the Privy Council –Privy Council: Registers

PRO 30/22 –Russell Papers

CO43 –Goderich Papers

WO47 –Board of Ordnance: Minutes

• London, News International Archives

Barnes Papers

• London, Parliamentary Archives

Le Marchant Papers

Lefevre Papers

• London, Royal Society

Herschel Papers

• Stafford, Staffordshire Record Office

Hatherton MSS

London, UCL Special Collections

SDUK Papers

Brougham Papers

Published primary sources

Parliamentary pollbooks

I have used a wide range of constituency pollbooks for the period before and after 1832. Election results in individual constituencies broken down into voting district were also printed in the contemporary press. The best guide to published pollbooks is Gibson, J., and Rogers, C., Poll Books 1696–1872: A Directory to Holdings in Great Britain (Bury, 2008).

Contemporary newspapers and periodicals

I have used a number of physical and online newspaper archives, primarily those held by the British Library, British Library Nineteenth Century Newspapers, British Newspaper Archive, Newspaperarchive.com and the Gale Newsgroup archives. The primary titles used were:

Birmingham Gazette

Birmingham Journal

Cobbett’s Political Register

County Chronicle

Edinburgh Review

Essex Standard

Examiner

Globe

Guardian

Hampshire Telegraph

Jackson’s Oxford Journal

John Bull

Leamington Spa Courier

Leeds Intelligencer

Leeds Mercury

London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science

Looking Glass

Morning Chronicle

Morning Herald

Morning Post

Newcastle Courant

Northampton Mercury

Penny Magazine

Philosophical Magazine

Quarterly Review

Stamford Mercury

Standard

Sun

The Times

Weekly Dispatch

Westmorland Gazette

Worcester Herald

Official papers and published documents

Cobbett’s Parliamentary History of England

Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates

House of Commons Divisions Lists, 1836–1910

House of Commons Journals

House of Lords Journals

Mirror of Parliament

Parliamentary papers

• The major collections that I have used are:
• Report from the Select Committee on the Survey and Valuation of Ireland, PP1824 (445), vii. 79
• Parliamentary Representation (multiple volumes published between 1830 and 1832, including published reports of the boundary commission and returns relating to the electoral system), PP1830–1, x., PP1831, xvi., PP1831–2, xxxvi–xliii
• Census Returns, 1831–71, PP1833 (149) xxxvi., PP1843 (496) xxii., PP1852–3 (1691) lxxxviii., PP1863 (3221) liii., PP1873 (872) lxxi
• Various returns relating to electoral registration, published between 1833 and 1867, primarily, PP1833 (189) xxxvii. 21; PP1836 (190) xliii. 363; PP1837–8 (329), xliv. 553; PP1840 (579) xxxix. 187; PP1846 (284) xxxiii. 145; PP1852 (4) xlii. 303; PP1854 (280) liii. 211; PP1859 (140) xxiii. 139; PP1862 (410) xliv. 703; PP1865 (448), xliv. 549
• Various returns relating to members of commissions of inquiry during the 1830s, Boards or Commissions, PP1834 (291), xli. 349; Commissions, PP1836 (528), xxxvii. 491; PP1837 (290), xxxix. 205; PP1837–8 (346), xxxvi. 191; PP1840 (237), xxix. 323; Commissions of Inquiry, PP1847–8 (669), xxxix. 295
• Boundaries of Boroughs, PP1859 Session 1 (166), xxiii. 121
• HMSO, Guide to the Contents of the Public Record Office: State Papers and Departmental Records (1963)
• Tenth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, C 1046 (1849)
• What Next on the Redrawing of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries?, PP2014–5, HC 600

Bills

• A bill to amend the representation of the people in England and Wales (multiple versions between 1830 and 1832, PP1830–31 (247, .37, .36, .37), ii; PP1831 (22, 232, 244), iii.; PP1831–2 (11, 265, 277, 507), iii.
• A bill to settle and describe the divisions of counties, and the limits of cities and boroughs in England and Wales, in so far as respects the election of members to serve in Parliament, PP1831–2 (174, 488, 521), iii.

Statutes

• An act for the better regulation of divisions in the several counties of England and Wales, 1828, 9 George IV c. 43
• An act to amend the representation of the people in England and Wales, 1832, 2 William IV c. 45
• An act to settle and describe the divisions of counties, and the limits of cities and boroughs in England and Wales, in so far as respects the election of members to serve in parliament, 1832, 2 & 3 William IV c.64
• An act to settle and describe the limits of certain boroughs and the divisions of certain counties in England and Wales, in so far as respects the election of members to serve in parliament, 1868, 31 and 32 Victoria c.46
• An act for the redistribution of seats at parliamentary elections, and for other Purposes, 1885, 48 and 49 Victoria c.23
• An act to amend the law with respect to parliamentary and local government franchises, and the registration of parliamentary and local government electors, and the conduct of elections, and to provide for the redistribution of seats at parliamentary elections, and for other purposes connected therewith, 1918, 8 George. V. c.64

Contemporary articles, pamphlets and printed books

• Anonymous, The Assembled Commons (London, 1836–1838)
• Anonymous, A Copy of the Poll for Two Knights of the Shire for the County of Northamptonshire (Northampton, 1831)
• Anonymous, The Maxima Charta of 1832 for England, Ireland and Scotland (London, 1832)
• Anonymous, Parliamentary Test Book for 1835 (London, 1835)
• Anonymous, Political Economy Club, Names of Members 1821–1860 (London, 1860)
• Anonymous, Report of the First and Second Meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (London, 1833)
• Anonymous, Thoughts on County Elections Addressed to the Landed Interest of the Country (London, 1812)
• Anonymous, Two Letters to the Right Honourable Lord John Russell on the Classification of Boroughs (London, 1832)
• Babbage, C., Reflections on the Decline of Science (London, 1829)
• Bassett, F., Free Parliaments: or a Vindication of the Parliamentary Constitution of England; in Answer to Certain Visionary Plans of Modern Reformers (London, 1783)
• Baxter, M., In Memoriam, R. Dudley Baxter, MA (London 1878)
• Blackstone, W., Commentaries on the Laws of England (1832)
• Brougham, H., The Life and Times of Henry Lord Brougham (London, 1871)
• Brougham, H., The Objects, Advantages, and Pleasures of Science (London, 1827)
• Butterworth, E., Historical Sketches of Oldham (Oldham, 1856)
• Cartwright, J., The People’s Barrier Against Undue Influence and Corruption (London, 1780)
• Child, J., A New Discourse of Trade (London, 1804)
• Dod, C., Electoral Facts, from 1832 to 1853, Impartially Stated (London, 1853)
• Dod, C., Electoral Facts, from 1832 to 1866, Impartially Stated (London, 1866)
• Dod, C., The Parliamentary Companion (London, 1832–68)
• Drummond, T., ‘On the Illumination of Lighthouses’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 120 (London, 1830)
• Gooch, R., The Book of the Reformed Parliament (London, 1834)
• James, J., The History and Topography of Bradford (London, 1841)
• Jenyns, S., Thoughts on a Parliamentary Reform (London, 1784)
• Knight, C., Passages of a Working Life during Half a Century (London, 1864)
• Lewis, S., A Topographical Dictionary of England (London, 1835)
• Mackintosh, J., ‘Universal Suffrage’, Edinburgh Review, 31 (1818), 165–208
• Oldfield, T. H. B., An Entire and Complete History, Political and Personal of the Boroughs of Great Britain (London, 1792)
• Oldfield, T. H. B., The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1816)
• Olivier, J., Parliamentary and Political Director for the Session 1848 (London, 1848)
• Ord, W. H., A Dialogue on Election by Ballot (London, 1831)
• Page, F., The Principle of the English Poor Laws (London, 1830)
• Park, J. J., The Dogmas of the Constitution (London, 1832)
• Russell, Lord, An Essay on the History of the English Government and Constitution from the Reign of Henry VII to the Present Time (London, 1821)
• Russell, Lord, An Essay on the History of the English Government and Constitution from the Reign of Henry VII to the Present Time (London, 1823)
• Scott, R., A Topographical and Historical Account of Hayling Island, Hants (Skelton, 1826)
• Toulmin Smith, J., Government by Commissions: Illegal and Pernicious (London, 1849)
• Trevelyan, G. O., The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay (London, 1876)

Published diaries and correspondence

• Arnould, J. (ed.), Memoir of Lord Denman (London, 1873)
• Ashley, E. A., The Life and Correspondence of Henry John Temple Viscount Palmerston (London, 1879)
• Aspinall, A. (ed.), Three Early Nineteenth Century Diaries (London, 1952)
• Baring, F. T., Journals and Correspondence of Sir Francis Thornhill Baring, Afterwards Lord Northbrook (London, 1905)
• Bamford, F. and Wellington, Duke (eds.), The Journal of Mrs Arbuthnot, 1820–1832 (London, 1950)
• Brandreth, M. E., Some Family and Friendly Recollections of 70 years, of Mary Elizabeth Brandreth (1888, Privately Printed)
• Carr, C., A Victorian Law Reformers Correspondence (London, 1955)
• Colchester, Lord (ed.), A Political Diary 1820–1830, by Edward Law Lord Ellenborough (London, 1881)
• Hutcheon, W. (ed.), Whigs and Whiggism: Political Writings by Benjamin Disraeli (London, 1913)
• Jennings, L. (ed.), The Correspondence and Diaries of the late Right Honourable John Wilson Croker, LL.D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Admiralty from 1809 to 1830 (London, 1885)
• Kriegel, A. (ed.), The Holland House Diaries, 1831–1840 (London, 1977)
• Marchant D. L. (ed.), Memoir of John Charles Viscount Althorp, Third Earl Spencer (London, 1876)
• Mclennan, J., Memoir of Thomas Drummond (Edinburgh, 1867)
• O’Brien, R. B., Thomas Drummond: Under-Secretary in Ireland 1835–40; Life and Letters (London, 1889)
• Parker, C. S., Life and Letters of Sir James Graham (London, 1907)
• Seymour, Lady (ed.), The Pope of Holland House, Selections from the Correspondence of John Whishaw and his Friends, 1813–1840 (London, 1906)
• Taylor, H. (ed.), The Reform Act, 1832: The Correspondence of the Late Earl Grey with His Majesty King William IV (London, 1867)
• Wellington, Duke (ed.), Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshall Arthur Duke Wellington (London, 1878)
• Wiebe, M. G., et al., Benjamin Disraeli Letters 1815–1868 (Toronto, 1982–2014)

Art

• Doyle, J., Political Sketches (London, 1829–41)
• Grant, C. J., Every Body’s Album & Caricature Magazine (London, 1834–5)
• Heath, W., March of Intellect (British Museum, London, 1828–30)
• Maclean, T., The Looking Glass: or, Caricature Annual (London, 1830–36)
• Maclise, D., The Editor of “The Times” (British Museum, London, 1830)
• Pickersgill, H., Thomas Drummond (University of Edinburgh, Scotland, 1832)

Secondary sources

Works of reference

• Fisher, D. (ed.), The House of Commons, 1820–1832 (Cambridge, 2009)
• Gibson, J., and Rogers, C., Poll Books 1696–1872: A Directory to Holdings in Great Britain (Bury, 2008)
• Hanham, H (ed.), Electoral Facts, from 1832 to 1853, Impartially Stated (Brighton, 1972)
• Namier, L., and Brooke, J. (eds.), The House of Commons, 1754–1790 (Cambridge, 1985)
• Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
• Salmon, P. and Rix, K. (eds.), The House of Commons, 1832–1868 (forthcoming)
• Thorne, R. G. (ed.), The House of Commons, 1790–1820 (Cambridge, 1986)
• Victoria County History
• Vincent, J., and Stenton, M. (eds.), McCalmont’s Parliamentary Poll Book, British Election Results, 1832–1918 (Brighton, 1971)

Books and articles

• Aidt, T. S., and Franck, R., ‘Democratization under the Threat of Revolution: Evidence from the Great Reform Act of 1832’, Econometrica, 83 (2015), 505–47
• Anonymous, The History of The Times: “The Thunderer” in the Making 1785–1841 (London, 1935)
• Ashton, R., Victorian Bloomsbury (London, 2012)
• Aspinall, A., Lord Brougham and the Whig Party (Stroud, 2005)
• Aspinall, A., Politics and the Press (London, 1949)
• Aydelotte, W. O., ‘Constituency Influence on the British House of Commons’, in W. Aydelotte (ed.), The History of Parliamentary Behaviour (New Jersey, 1977)
• Aydelotte, W. O., ‘The House of Commons in the 1840’s’, Comparative Studies in History and Society, 5 (1962–3), 134–63
• Aydelotte, W. O., ‘Voting Patterns in the British House of Commons in the 1840s’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 5 (1963), 134–63
• Baer, M., The Rise and Fall of Radical Westminster, 1780–1890 (Basingstoke, 2012)
• Barnes, D., A History of the English Corn Laws from 1660–1846 (London, 1930)
• Beales, D., ‘The Electorate Before and After 1832: The Right to Vote and the Opportunity’, Parliamentary History, 12, 2 (1992), 139–50
• Beales, D., ‘The Idea of Reform in British Politics, 1829–1850’, in T. Blanning and P. Wende (eds.), Reform in Great Britain and Germany, 1750–1850 (Oxford, 1999), 159–74
• Beales, D., ‘Parliamentary Parties and the Independent Member’, 1810–1860’, in Robson, R. (ed.), Ideas and Institutions of Victorian Britain (London, 1967), 1–19
• Beer, S., ‘The Representation of Interests in British Government: Historical Background’, American Political Science Review, 51, 3 (1957), 613–50
• Berrington, H., ‘Partisanship and Dissidence in the Nineteenth-Century House of Commons’, Parliamentary Affairs, 21 (1968), 338–74
• Birch, A. H., Representation (London, 1971)
• Blaxill, L., ‘Quantifying the Language of British Politics’, Historical Research, 86 (2013), 313–41
• Blaxill, L., The War of Words: The Language of British Elections, 1880–1914 (London, 2020)
• Blaxill, L., ‘Why Do Historians Ignore Digital Analysis? Bring on the Luddites’, Political Quarterly, 94, 2 (2023), 279–89
• Bord, J., Science and Whig Manners: Science and Political Style in Britain, c. 1790–1850 (Basingstoke, 2009)
• Brent, R., Liberal Anglican Politics: Whiggery, Religion, and Reform, 1830–1841 (Oxford, 1987)
• Brewer, J., Party Ideology and Popular Politics at the Accession of George III (Cambridge, 1976)
• Briggs, A., Victorian Cities (London, 1990)
• Brock, M., The Great Reform Act (London, 1973)
• Brockington, F., ‘Public Health at the Privy Council 1831–34’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 16, 2 (1961), 161–85
• Bromund, T., ‘ “A Complete Fool’s Paradise”: The Attack on the Fitzwilliam Interest in Peterborough, 1852’, Parliamentary History, 12, 1 (1993), 47–67
• Brooke, J., ‘The Members’, in L. Namier and J. Brooke (eds.), The House of Commons 1754–1790 (Cambridge, 1985), i. 97–176
• Brown, D., Crowcroft, R. and Pentland, G., The Oxford Handbook of Modern British Political History, 1800–2000 (Oxford, 2018)
• Brown, M., ‘How Not to “Regain Paradise”: Henry Bellenden Ker, F.R.S. from 1819 to 1831’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 50, 2 (1996), 211–15
• Brundage, A., England’s Prussian Minister: Edwin Chadwick and the Politics of Government Growth, 1832–54 (London, 1988)
• Brundage, A., The Making of the New Poor Law: The Politics of Inquiry, Enactment and Implementation (London, 1978)
• Butler, J. R. M., The Passing of the Great Reform Bill (London, 1914)
• Bylsma, J., ‘Party Structure in the 1852–1857 House of Commons: A Scalogram Analysis’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 7, 4 (1977), 617–35
• Cain, M., ‘The Maps of the Society of the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: A Publishing History’, Imago Mundi, 46 (1994), 151–67
• Cannadine, D., ‘The Calthorpe Family and Birmingham, 1810–1910: A “Conservative Interest” Examined’, Historical Journal, 18, 4 (1975), 725–60
• Cannadine, D., Victorious Century: The United Kingdom, 1800–1906 (London, 2017)
• Cannon, J., Parliamentary Reform 1640–1832 (Cambridge, 1973)
• Cannon, S., Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (New York, 1978)
• Carr, C., A Victorian Law Reformers Correspondence (London, 1955).
• Cawood I., ‘Corruption and the Public Service Ethos in Mid-Victorian Administration: The Case of Leonard Horner and the Factory Office’, English Historical Review, 135 (2020), 860–91
• Chadwick, M., ‘The Role of Redistribution in the Making of the Third Reform Act’, Historical Journal, 19, 3 (1976), 665–83
• Chester, N., The English Administrative System (Oxford, 1981)
• Christie, I., ‘The Yorkshire Association, 1780–4: A Study in Political Organization’, Historical Journal, 3, 2 (1960), 144–61
• Clamp, P., ‘Robert J. Saunders, Factory Inspector, and his National Factory Schools Experiment 1841–1843’, Journal of Educational Administration and History, 18, 1 (1986), 23–33
• Clark, A., ‘Gender, Class and the Nation: Franchise Reform in England, 1832–1928’, in J. Vernon (ed.), Rereading the Constitution (Cambridge, 1996), 230–53
• Clark, A., Scandal: The Sexual Politics of the British Constitution (Princeton, 2004)
• Clark, G., The Curiosities of Dudley and the Black Country (Birmingham, 1881)
• Clokie, H., and Robinson, J., Royal Commissions of Inquiry (New York, 1937)
• Close, C., The Early Years of the Ordnance Survey (Newton Abbot, 1969)
• Close, D. H., ‘The Formation of a Two-Party Alignment in the House of Commons between 1830 and 1841’, English Historical Review, 84 (1969), 257–77
• Coleman, B., Conservatism and the Conservative Party in Nineteenth-Century Britain (London, 1988)
• Collinge, J. M., Office Holders in Modern Britain, Volume 9, Officials of Royal Commissions of Inquiry 1815–1870 (London, 1984)
• Collini, S., Winch, D. and Burrow, J., That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History (Cambridge, 1983)
• Conti, G., Parliament the Mirror of the Nation: Representation, Deliberation, and Democracy in Victorian Britain (Cambridge, 2019)
• Coohill, J., Ideas of the Liberal Party: Perceptions, Agendas and Liberal Politics in the House of Commons, 1832–52 (Chichester, 2011)
• Cowling, M., 1867, Disraeli, Gladstone and Revolution: The Passing of the Second Reform Bill (Cambridge, 1967)
• Cox, G., The Efficient Secret: the Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England (Cambridge, 1987)
• Cragoe, M., Culture, Politics and National Identity in Wales 1832–1886 (Oxford, 2004)
• Cragoe, M., ‘The Great Reform Act and the Modernization of British Politics: The Impact of Conservative Associations, 1835–1841’, Journal of British Studies, 47, 3 (2008), 581–603
• Cragoe, M., and Readman, P. (eds.), The Land Question in Britain, 1750–1950 (Eastbourne, 2010)
• Cromwell, V., ‘Mapping the Political World of 1861: A Multidimensional Analysis of the House of Commons’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 7, 2 (1982), 281–97
• Crook, T., Governing Systems: Modernity and the Making of Public Health in England, 1830–1910 (Oakland, CA, 2020)
• Crook, T., ‘Sanitary Inspection and the Public Sphere in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain: A Case Study in Liberal Governance’, Social History, 32, 4 (2007), 369–93
• Crosby, T., English Farmers and the Politics of Protection 1815–1852 (Hassocks, 1977)
• Cullen, M. J., The Statistical Movement in Victorian Britain (Hassocks, 1976)
• Davis, R. W., ‘Buckingham, 1832–1846: A Study of a “Pocket Borough”’, Huntingdon Library Quarterly, 34, 2 (1971), 159–81
• Davis, R. W., ‘Deference and Aristocracy in the Time of the Great Reform Act’, American Historical Review, 81, 3 (1976), 532–9
• Davis, R. W., Political Change and Continuity, 1760–1885: A Buckinghamshire Study (Newton Abbot, 1972)
• Dawson, L., Memoirs of Hydrography Part One 1750–1830 (Eastbourne, 1883)
• Delano-Smith, C., and Kain, R., English Maps: A History (London, 1999)
• Dickinson, H. T., Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in Eighteenth-century Britain (London, 1977)
• Draper, N., The Price of Emancipation: Slave-Ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery (Cambridge, 2009)
• Draper, N., ‘The Rise of a New Planter Class? Some Countercurrents from British Guiana and Trinidad, 1807–33’, Atlantic Studies, 9, 1 (2012), 65–83
• Dumas, P., Proslavery Britain: Fighting for Slavery in an Era of Abolition (New York, 2016)
• Dyer, M., Men of Property and Intelligence: Scottish Electoral System Prior to 1884 (Aberdeen, 1996)
• Eastwood, D., ‘ “Amplifying the Province of the Legislature”: The Flow of Information and the English State in the Early Nineteenth Century’, Historical Research, 62, 149 (1989), 276–94
• Eastwood, D., ‘Contesting the Politics of Deference: The Rural Electorate, 1820–60’, in J. Lawrence and Miles Taylor (eds.), Party, State and Society: Electoral Behaviour in Britain since 1820 (Aldershot, 1997), 27–49
• Eastwood, D., Government and Community in the English Provinces, 1700–1870 (Basingstoke, 1997)
• Eastwood, D., ‘Parliament and Locality: Representation and Responsibility in Late-Hanoverian England’, Parliamentary History 17, 1 (1998), 68–81
• Eastwood, D., ‘Robert Southey and the Intellectual Origins of Romantic Conservatism’, English Historical Review, 104, 411 (1989), 308–31
• Eggers, A. C., and Spirling, A., ‘Electoral Security as a Determinant of Legislator Activity, 1832–1918: New Data and Methods for Analyzing British Political Development’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 39 (2014), 593–620
• Eggers, A. C., and Spirling, A., ‘Party Cohesion in Westminster Systems: Inducements, Replacement and Discipline in the House of Commons, 1836–1910’, British Journal of Political Science, 46, 3 (2014), 567–89
• Ellens, J. P., Religious Routes to Gladstonian Liberalism (University Park, PA, 1994)
• Ertman, R., ‘The Great Reform Act of 1832 and British Democratization’, Comparative Political Studies, 43,8 (2010), 1000–1022
• Evans, E. J., The Great Reform Act of 1832 (London, 1983)
• Ferguson, W., ‘The Reform Act (Scotland) of 1832 – Intention and Effect’, Scottish Historical Review, 45, 139, (1966), 105–14
• Fontana, B., Rethinking the Politics of Commercial Society: The Edinburgh Review 1802–1832 (Cambridge, 1985)
• Foote, G., ‘The Place of Science in the British Reform Movement 1830–1840’, ISIS, 42, 3 (1951), 192–208
• Foster, R., The Politics of County Power: Wellington and the Hampshire Gentlemen 1820–1852 (Hemel Hempstead, 1990)
• Fraser, A., Perilous Question: The Drama of the Great Reform Bill 1832 (London, 2014)
• Fraser, D., Urban Politics in Victorian England: The Structure of Politics in Victorian Cities (Leicester, 1976)
• Fraser, D. (ed.), The New Poor Law in the Nineteenth Century (London, 1976)
• Fraser, P., ‘The Growth of Ministerial Control in the Nineteenth-Century House of Commons’, English Historical Review, 75, 296 (1960), 444–63
• Friendly, A., Beaufort of the Admiralty (London, 1977)
• Gambles, A., Protection and Politics: Conservative Economic Discourse, 1815–1852 (Woodbridge, 1999)
• Garrard, J., Democratisation in Britain: Elites, Civil Society and Reform (Hampshire, 2002)
• Gash, N., Politics in the Age of Peel: A Study in the Technique of Parliamentary Representation (London, 1971)
• Gatehouse, D., ‘Estrangement at the Church Door: Silas Marner and the Projection of New English Spaces’, European Journal of English Studies, 27, 2 (2023), 258–71
• Gauci, P., ‘The Clash of Interests: Commerce and the Politics of Trade in the Age of Anne’, Parliamentary History, 28, 1 (2009), 115–25
• Gaunt, R., Politics, Law and Society in Nottinghamshire: The Diaries of Godfrey Tallents of Newark 1829–1839 (Nottingham, 2010)
• Gaunt, R., Unhappy Reactionary: The Diaries of the Fourth Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (Nottingham, 2003)
• Gaunt, R., Unrepentant Tory: Political Selections from the Diaries of the Fourth Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, 1827–38 (Woodbridge, 2006)
• Gibbs, R., A History of Aylesbury (Aylesbury, 1885)
• Gillin, E. J., The Victorian Palace of Science: Scientific Knowledge and the Building of the Houses of Parliament (Cambridge, 2017)
• Gleadle, K., Borderline Citizens: Women, Gender, and Political Culture in Britain 1815–1867 (Oxford, 2009)
• Gleadle, K. (ed.), Women and British Politics, 1760–1860: The Power of the Petticoat (Macmillan, 2000)
• Goldman, L., ‘The Origins of British Social Science: Political Economy, Natural Science and Statistics, 1830–1835’, Historical Journal, 26, 3 (1983), 587–616
• Goldman, L., Victorians & Numbers: Statistics and Society in Nineteenth Century Britain (Oxford, 2022)
• Gordon, B., Economic Doctrine and Tory Liberalism, 1824–1830 (London, 1979)
• Gordon, B., Political Economy in Parliament, 1819–1823 (London, 1976)
• Gray, V., Charles Knight: Educator, Publisher and Writer (Aldershot, 2006)
• Gunn, J. A. W., ‘ “Interests Will Not Lie”: A Seventeenth-Century Political Maxim, Journal of the History of Ideas, 29, 4, 551–64
• Gunn, S., The Public Culture of the Victorian Middle Class (Manchester, 2000)
• Gurowich, P. M., ‘The Continuation of War by Other Means: Party and Politics, 1855–1865’, Historical Journal, 27, 3 (1984), 603–31
• Hall, C., Draper, N., McClelland K., Donington, K. and Lang, R. (eds.), Legacies of British Slave-Ownership (Cambridge, 2014)
• Hamlin, C., Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick (Cambridge, 1998)
• Hargreaves, E., The National Debt (London, 1930)
• Harley, J. B., ‘Cartography, Ethics and Social Theory’, Cartographica, 27, 2 (1990), 1–23
• Harley, J, B., ‘Deconstructing the Map’, Cartographica, 26, 2 (1989), 1–20
• Harley, J. B., Maps for the Local Historian (London, 1972)
• Harley, J. B., The New Nature of Maps (Baltimore, 2001)
• Harling, P., ‘Parliament, the State, and “Old Corruption”: Conceptualizing Reform, c. 1790–1832’, in A. Burns and J. Innes (eds.), Rethinking the Age of Reform (Cambridge, 2003), 98–113
• Harling, P., The Waning of ‘Old Corruption’: The Politics of Economical Reform in Britain, 1779–1846 (Oxford, 1996)
• Harling, P., ‘The Power of Persuasion: Central Authority, Local Bureaucracy and the New Poor Law’, English Historical Review, 107, 422 (1992), 30–53
• Harling, P., ‘The Powers of the Victorian State’, in P. Mandler (ed.), Liberty and Authority in Victorian Britain (Oxford, 2006), 25–50
• Harvie, C., and Matthew, H. C. G., ‘ “Villa Tories”: The Conservative Resurgence’, Nineteenth-Century Britain: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2008), 107–17
• Hawkins, A., British Party Politics, 1852–1886 (Basingstoke, 1998)
• Hawkins, A., Modernity and the Victorians (Oxford, 2023)
• Hawkins, A., ‘ “Parliamentary Government” and Victorian Political Parties, c. 1830–c. 1880’, English Historical Review, 104 (1989), 638–69
• Hawkins, A., Victorian Political Culture: Habits of Heart and Mind (Oxford, 2015)
• Hayton, D., ‘The “Country” Interest in the Party System, 1689–c.1720’, in C. Jones (ed.), Party and Management in Parliament, 1660–1784 (Leicester, 1984), 37–85
• Hearder, H., and Lyon, H. R. (eds.), British government and administration: studies presented to S.B. Chrimes (Cardiff, 1974)
• Heesom, A., ‘ “Legitimate” versus “Illegitimate” Influences: Aristocratic Electioneering in Mid-Victorian Britain’, Parliamentary History, 7, 2 (1988) 282–305
• Hennock, E. P., and Moore, D. C., ‘The First Reform Act: A Discussion’, Victorian Studies, 14, 3 (1971), 321–37
• Henriques, U. R. W., ‘An Early Factory Inspector: James Stuart of Dunearn’, Scottish Historical Review, 50, 149 (1971), 18–46
• Henriques, U. R. W., Before the Welfare State: Social Administration in Early Industrial Britain (London, 1979)
• Hewitt, R., Map of a Nation: A Biography of the Ordnance Survey (London, 2010)
• Higgs, E., Before The Information State: The Central Collection of Information on Citizens since 1500 (Basingstoke, 2004)
• Higman, B. W., ‘The West India “Interest” in Parliament, 1807–1833’, Historical Studies (Australia and New Zealand), 13, 49 (1967), 1–19
• Hilton, B., Corn, Cash, Commerce: Economic Policies of the Tory Governments, 1815–30 (Oxford, 1977)
• Hilton, B., A Mad, Bad, & Dangerous People?: England 1783–1846 (Oxford, 2006)
• Hilton, B., ‘Peel: A Reappraisal’, HJ, 22 (1979), 585–614
• Hilton, B., ‘The Political Arts of Lord Liverpool’, TRHS, 38 (1998), 147–70
• Hirst, D., Keith-Lucas, B. and Redlich, J., The History of Local Government in England (London, 1970)
• Holmes, G., British Politics in the Age of Anne (London, 1987)
• Hoppen, K. T., Elections, Politics, and Society in Ireland 1832–1885 (Oxford, 1984)
• Hoppen, K. T., ‘An Incorporating Union? British Politicians and Ireland 1800–1830’, English Historical Review, 123, 501 (2008), 328–50
• Hoppen, K. T., Ireland since 1800: Conflict and Conformity (Harlow, 1999)
• Hoppen, K. T., The Mid-Victorian Generation, 1840–1886 (Oxford, 1998)
• Hoppit, J., ‘The Landed Interest and the National Interest, 1660–1800’, in J. Hoppit (ed.), Parliaments, Nations and Identities in Britain and Ireland, 1660–1850 (Manchester, 2003)
• Hoppit, J., ‘Petitions, Economic Legislation and Interest Groups in Britain, 1660–1800’, Parliamentary History, 37, 1 (2018), 52–71
• Hoskin, M., ‘Astronomers at War: South v. Sheepshanks’, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 20, 3 (1989), 175–212
• Hoskin, M., et al., ‘More on “South v. Sheepshanks”’, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 22, 2 (1991), 174–9
• Howe, A., The Cotton Masters, 1830–1860 (Oxford, 1984)
• Hume, L., ‘Jeremy Bentham and the Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Government’, Historical Journal, 10, 3 (1967), 361–75
• Hyde, R., ‘Mapping Urban Britain 1831–2: The Compilation of the Reform Bill Plans’, Bulletin of the Society of University Cartographers, 9, 2 (1978), 1–9
• Innes, J., ‘Forms of “Government Growth”, 1780–1830’, in D. Feldman and J. Lawrence (eds.), Structures and Transformations in Modern British History (Cambridge, 2011), 74–99
• Innes, J., Inferior Politics: Social Problems and Social Policies in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Oxford, 2009)
• Innes, J., ‘Seeing Like a Surveyor: Imagining Rural Reform in the Early Nineteenth-Century UK’, in B. Kinzer, M. B. Kramer and R. Trainor (eds.), Reform and Its Complexities in Modern Britain: Essays Inspired by Sir Brian Harrison (Oxford, 2022), 57–76
• Jaggard, E., Cornwall Politics in the Age of Reform, 1790–1885 (London, 1999)
• Jaggard, E., ‘Small Town Politics in Mid-Victorian Britain’, History, 89, 1 (2004), 3–29
• Jenkins, T., The Liberal Ascendancy, 1830–1886 (Basingstoke, 1994)
• Jenkins, T., Sir Robert Peel (Basingstoke, 1999)
• Johnson, H, J., and Pooley, C. G. (eds.), The Structure of Nineteenth Century Cities (London, 1982)
• Johnston, R., Rossiter, D. and Pattie, C., Equality, Community and Continuity: Reviewing the UK Rules for Constituency Redistributions (London, 2014)
• Jordan, T., ‘An Enlightened Utilitarian: Thomas Drummond (1797–1840)’, New Hibernia Review, 7, 3 (2003), 127–35
• Jordan, T., ‘Two Thomases: Dublin Castle and the Quality of Life in Victorian Ireland’, Social Indicators Research, 64 (2003), 257–91
• Joyce, P., Democratic Subjects: The Self and the Social in Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1994)
• Joyce, P., The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City (London, 2003)
• Joyce, P., The State of Freedom: A Social History of the British State since 1800 (Cambridge, 2014)
• Joyce, P., Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class 1848–1914 (Cambridge, 1991)
• Joyce, P., Work, Society and Politics: The Culture of the Factory in Later Victorian England (Brighton, 1980)
• Judd, G. P., Members of Parliament, 1734–1832 (New Haven, 1955)
• Jupp, P., British Politics on the Eve of Reform: The Duke of Wellington’s Administration, 1828–30 (Basingstoke, 1998)
• Jupp, P., The Governing of Britain 1688–1848 (Abingdon, 2006)
• Kain, R., and Baigent, E., The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State (Chicago, 1992)
• Kain R., and Oliver, R., The Tithe Maps of England and Wales (Cambridge, 1995)
• Kain, R., Chapman, J. and Oliver, R., The Enclosure Maps of England and Wales, 1595–1918 (Cambridge, 2004)
• Keller, L., Triumph of Order, Democracy and Public Space in New York and London (New York, 2009)
• Kinzer, B., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century English Politics (1982)
• Kriegel, A., ‘Whiggery in the Age of Reform’, Journal of British Studies, 32, 3 (1993) 290–98
• Laidlaw, Z., Colonial Connections, 1815–45: Patronage, the Information Revolution and Colonial Government (Manchester, 2005)
• Langford, P., A Polite and Commercial People, England 1727–1783 (Oxford, 1989)
• Langford, P., ‘Property and “Virtual Representation” in Eighteenth-Century England’, Historical Journal, 31, 1 (1998), 83–115
• Larcom, Captain, ‘Memoir of the Professional Life of the Late Captain Drummond’, Royal Engineers Professional Papers, 4 (1841), xviii–xxii
• Lewis, G., ‘Memoir of Henry Rowland Brandreth’, Papers on Subjects Connected with the Duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers, 10 (1849), 1–36
• Lipscomp, P., ‘Party Politics, 1801–1802: George Canning and the Trinidad Question’, Historical Journal, 12, 3 (1969), 442–66
• Lloyd-Jones N., and Scull, M. (ed.), Four Nations Approaches to Modern ‘British’ History: A (Dis)United Kingdom? (London, 2019)
• Loft, P., ‘Involving the Public: Parliament, Petitioning, and the Language of Interest, 1688–1720’, Journal of British Studies, 55, 1 (2016), 1–23
• Loft, P., ‘Petitioning and Petitioners to the Westminster Parliament, 1660–1788’, Parliamentary History, 38, 3 (2019), 342–61
• LoPatin, N. D., Political Unions, Popular Politics and the Great Reform Act of 1832 (Basingstoke, 1999)
• Lopatin-Lummis, N., ‘The 1832 Reform Act Debate: Should the Suffrage Be Based on Property or Taxpaying?’, JBS, 46, 2 (2007), 320–45
• Lowell, J., ‘The Influence of Party on Legislation in England and America’, Annual Report for the American Historical Association (1901), i. 321–544
• Lubenow, W., The Politics of Government Growth (Plymouth, 1971)
• MacDonagh, O., Early Victorian Government 1830–1870 (London, 1977)
• MacDonagh, O., ‘The Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Government: A Reappraisal’, Historical Journal, 1, 1 (1958), 52–67
• McLean, I., ‘Interests and Ideology in the United Kingdom Parliament of 1841–7: An Analysis of Roll Call Voting’, Contemporary Political Studies, 1 (1995), 1–20
• Mandler, P., Aristocratic Government in the Age of Reform: Whigs and Liberals 1830–1852 (Oxford, 1990)
• Mandler, P., (ed.), Liberty and Authority in Victorian Britain (Oxford, 2006)
• Mandler, P., ‘Tories and Paupers: Christian Political Economy and the Making of the New Poor Law’, Historical Journal, 33, 1 (1990), 81–103
• Marx, K., ‘The Elections – Tories and Whigs’, New York Daily Tribune, 3540 (1852)
• Marx, K., ‘Lord Russell’, Neue Oder-Zeitung, 359 (1855)
• McClelland, K., ‘Redefining the West India Interest: Politics and the Legacies of Slave-Ownership’, in C. Hall et al. (eds.), Legacies of British Slave-Ownership (Cambridge, 2014), 127–62, 288–97
• McCord, N., ‘Some Difficulties of Parliamentary Reform’, Historical Journal, 10, 4 (1967), 376–90
• Mclennan, J., Memoir of Thomas Drummond (Edinburgh, 1867)
• Middleton, A., ‘ “High Politics” and its Intellectual Contexts’, Parliamentary History, 40, 1 (2021), 168–91
• Miller, H., A Nation of Petitioners: Petitions and Petitioning in the United Kingdom, 1780–1918 (Cambridge, 2023)
• Miller, H., ‘Radicals, Tories or Monomaniacs? The Birmingham Currency Reformers in the House of Commons, 1832–67’, Parliamentary History, 31, 3 (2012), 354–77
• Miller, P., Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 1994)
• Milton-Smith, J., ‘Earl Grey’s Cabinet and the Objects of Parliamentary Reform’, Historical Journal, 15,1 (1972), 55–74
• Mitchell, A., ‘The Whigs and Parliamentary Reform Before 1830’, Historical Studies (Australia and New Zealand), 12 (1965) 22–42
• Mitchell, L. G., ‘Foxite Politics and the Great Reform Bill’, English Historical Review, 108, 427 (1993), 338–64
• Molesworth, W. N., The History of the Reform Bill of 1832 (London, 1865)
• Moore, D. C., ‘Concession or Cure: The Sociological Premises of the First Reform Act’, Historical Journal, 9, 1 (1966), 39–59
• Moore, D. C., ‘The Matter of the Missing Contests: Towards a Theory of the Mid-19^th Century British Political System’, Albion, 6,2 (1974), 93–119
• Moore, D. C., ‘The Other Face of Reform’, Victorian Studies, 5, 1 (1961), 7–34
• Moore, D. C., ‘Political Morality in Mid Nineteenth Century England: Concepts Norms, Violations’, Victorian Studies, 13, 1 (1969)
• Moore, D. C., The Politics of Deference: A Study of the Mid-Nineteenth Century Political System (New York, 1976)
• Moore, D. C., ‘Social Structure, Political Structure and Public Opinion in Mid-Victorian England’, in Robson, R. (ed.), Ideas and Institutions of Victorian Britain (1967), 20–57
• Morrell, J., and Thackray, A., Gentlemen of Science: Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (New York, 1981)
• Mullen, S., ‘Henry Dundas: A “Great Delayer” of the Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade’, Scottish Historical Review, 100, 2 (2021), 218–48
• Murphy, C., ‘The Future of British Political History’, Political Quarterly, 94, 2 (2023), 201–7
• Namier, L., The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (London, 1970)
• Navickas, K., Protest and the Politics of Space and Place 1789–1848 (Manchester, 2016)
• Nechtman, T., Nabobs: Empire and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2010)
• New, C. W., Lord Durham (Oxford, 1929)
• Newbould, I., ‘The Emergence of a Two-Party System in England from 1830 to 1841: Roll Call and Reconsideration’, Parliaments, Estates and Representation, 5, 1 (1985), 25–31
• Newbould, I., ‘Whiggery and the Growth of Party 1830–1841: Organisation and the Challenge of Reform’, Parliamentary History, 4 (1985)
• Newbould, I., Whiggery and Reform, 1830–41: The Politics of Government (London, 1990)
• Nossiter, T., Influence, Opinion and Political Idioms in Reform England: Case Studies from the North-East, 1832–74 (Hassocks, 1975)
• O’Brien, B., Thomas Drummond: Life and Letters (London, 1889)
• O’Gorman, F., ‘Campaign Rituals and Ceremonies: The Social Meaning of Elections in England 1780–1860’, Past and Present, 135 (1992), 79–115
• O’Gorman, F., ‘The Electorate Before and After 1832’, Parliamentary History, 12, 2 (1993), 171–83
• O’Gorman, F., ‘The Unreformed Electorate of Hanoverian England: The Mid-Eighteenth Century to the Reform Act of 1832’, Social History, 11, 1 (1986), 33–52
• O’Gorman, F., Voters, Patrons, and Parties: The Unreformed Electoral System of Hanoverian England 1734–1832 (Oxford, 1989)
• Oliver, R., The Ordnance Survey in the Nineteenth Century: Maps, Money and the Growth of Government (London, 2014)
• Olney, R. J., Lincolnshire Politics 1832–1885 (Oxford, 1973)
• Ó Tuathaigh, M. A. G., Thomas Drummond and the Government of Ireland, 1835–41 (Dublin, 1978)
• Parris, H., Constitutional Bureaucracy: The Development of British Central Administration since the Eighteenth Century (Bristol, 1969)
• Parris, H., ‘The Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Government: A Reappraisal Reappraised’, Historical Journal, 3, 1 (1960), 17–37
• Parry, J., The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain (London, 1993)
• Parsons, F., Thomas Hare and Political Representation in Victorian Britain (Basingstoke, 2009)
• Pearce, E., Reform!: The Fight for the 1832 Reform Act (London, 2004)
• Pentland, G., ‘The Debate on Scottish Parliamentary Reform, 1830–32’, Scottish Historical Review, 85, 1 (2006)
• Pentland, G., Radicalism, Reform and National Identity in Scotland 1820–1833 (Woodbridge, 2008)
• Pentland, G., ‘Scotland and the Creation of a National Reform Movement, 1830–32’, Historical Journal, 48, 4 (2005), 999–1023
• Phillips, J., The Great Reform Bill in the Boroughs: English Electoral Behaviour 1818–1841 (Oxford, 1992)
• Phillips, J., and Wetherall, C., ‘The Great Reform Act of 1832 and the Political Modernization of England’, American Historical Review, 100, 2 (1995), 411–36
• Phillips, J., and Wetherall, C., ‘The Great Reform Bill of 1832 and the Rise of Partisanship’, Journal of Modern History, 63, 4 (1991), 621–46
• Pole, J. R., Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic (London, 1966), 385–404
• Porter, T., The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 (Princeton, 1986)
• Porter, T., Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton, 1995)
• Quinault, R., ‘The French Revolution of 1830 and Parliamentary Reform’, History, 75, 297 (1994), 377–93
• Quinault, R., ‘The Industrial Revolution and Parliamentary Reform’, in P. O’Brien and R. Quinault (eds.), The Industrial Revolution and British Society (Cambridge, 1993), 183–202
• Rauch, A., Useful Knowledge: The Victorians, Morality and the March of Intellect (Durham, N.C., 2001)
• Richardson, S., The Political Worlds of Women: Gender and Political Culture in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Routledge, 2013)
• Rix, K., ‘ “Whatever Passed in Parliament Ought to be Communicated to the Public”: Reporting the Proceedings of the Reformed Commons, 1833–50’, Parliamentary History, 33, 3 (2014), 453–74
• Roberts, D., Paternalism in Victorian England (London, 1979)
• Roberts, M., ‘Resisting “Arithmocracy”: Parliament, Community and the Third Reform Act’, Journal of British Studies, 50, 2 (April 2011), 381–409
• Roberts, M., ‘ “Villa Toryism” and Popular Conservatism in Leeds, 1885–1902’, Historical Journal, 49, 1 (2006), 221–2
• Robson, B., ‘Maps and Mathematics: Ranking the English boroughs for the 1832 Reform Act’, Journal of Historical Geography, 46 (2014), 66–79
• Robson, B., and Wyke, T., ‘Surveying the surveyors: Richard Thornton and his Publishers’, Northern History, 56, 1 (2019), 1–20
• Rossiter, D., Johnston, R., and Pattie, C., The Boundary Commissions: Redrawing the United Kingdom’s Map of Parliamentary Constituencies (Manchester, 1999)
• Roszman, J., Outrage in the Age of Reform: Irish Agrarian Violence, Imperial Insecurity, and British Governing Policy, 1830–1845 (Cambridge, 2022)
• Salmon, P., ‘Electoral Reform and the Political Modernization of England’, Parliaments, Estates, and Representation, 23, 1 (2003), 49–67
• Salmon, P., Electoral Reform at Work: Local Politics and National Parties, 1832–1841 (Woodbridge, 2002)
• Salmon, P., ‘The English Reform Legislation, 1831–32’, in D. Fisher (ed.), The House of Commons, 1820–32, i. (Cambridge, 2009), 374–412
• Salmon, P., ‘Local Politics and Partisanship: The Electoral Impact of Municipal Reform, 1835’, Parliamentary History, 19, 3 (2000), 357–76
• Salmon, P., ‘ “Reform Should Begin at Home”: English Municipal and Parliamentary Reform, 1818–32’, in C. Jones, P. Salmon and R. Davis (eds.), Partisan Politics, Principles and Reform in Parliament and the Constituencies, 1689–1880 (Edinburgh, 2004), 93–113
• Saunders, R., Democracy and the Vote in British Politics, 1848–1867: The Making of the Second Reform Act (Farnham, 2011)
• Saunders, R., ‘God and the Great Reform Act: Preaching against Reform, 1831–32’, Journal of British Studies, 53, 2 (2014), 378–99
• Scholefield P., and Pease-Watkin, C. (eds.), The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham (Oxford, 2002)
• Schonhardt-Bailey, C., From the Corn Laws to Free Trade: Interests, Ideas and Institutions in Historical Perspective (London, 2006)
• Schonhardt-Bailey, C., ‘Ideology, Party and Interests in the British Parliament of 1841–47’, British Journal of Political Science, 33, 4 (2003), 581–605
• Scott, J., Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (Yale, 1998)
• Searle, G., A New England: Peace and War, 1886–1918 (Oxford, 2004)
• Seymour, C., Electoral Reform in England and Wales (Oxford, 1970)
• Skjönsberg, M., ‘The History of Political Thought and Parliamentary History in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’, Historical Journal, 64, 2 (2021), 501–13
• Skjönsberg, M., The Persistence of Party: Ideas of Harmonious Discord in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2021)
• Smith, D., Victorian Maps of the British Isles (London, 1985)
• Smith, E., ‘The Election Agent in English Politics, 1734–1832’, English Historical Review, 134 (1969), 12–35
• Smith, F., The Making of the Second Reform Bill (Cambridge, 1966)
• Smith, R. J., The Gothic Bequest: Medieval Institutions in British Thought, 1688–1863 (Cambridge 1987)
• Southgate, D., The Passing of the Whigs, 1832–1886 (London, 1962)
• Stewart, R., Party and Politics 1830–1852 (Houndsmills, 1989)
• Stewart, R., The Foundation of the Conservative Party, 1830–1867 (London, 1978)
• Stockwell, W. D., ‘Contributions of Henry Brougham to Classical Political Economy’, History of Political Economy, 23, 4 (1991), 645–73
• Sutherland, L., The East India Company in Eighteenth-Century Politics (Oxford, 1952)
• Taylor, Michael, ‘Conservative Political Economy and the Problem of Colonial Slavery, 1823–1833’, Historical Journal, 57, 4 (2014), 973–95
• Taylor, Michael, The Interest: How the British Establishment Resisted the Abolition of Slavery (London, 2020)
• Taylor, Miles, The Decline of British Radicalism, 1847–1860 (Oxford, 1995)
• Taylor, Miles, ‘Empire and Parliamentary Reform: The 1832 Reform Act Revisited’, in A. Burns and J. Innes (eds.), Rethinking the Age of Reform (Cambridge, 2003), 295–311
• Taylor, Miles, ‘Interests, Parties and the State: The Urban Electorate in England, c. 1820–72’, in J. Lawrence and Miles Taylor (eds.), Party, State and Society: Electoral Behaviour in Britain since 1820 (Aldershot, 1997), 50–78
• Taylor, Miles, ‘Parliamentary Representation in Modern Britain: Past, Present and Future’, Historical Journal, 65, 4 (2022), 1145–73
• Taylor, P., Popular Politics in Early Industrial Britain: Bolton 1825–1850 (Bodmin, 1995)
• Tillott P., (ed.), A History of the County of York: The City of York (London, 1961)
• Thane, P., ‘Government and Society in England and Wales, 1750–1914’, in F. M. L. Thompson., The Cambridge Social History of Britain, iii. (Cambridge, 1990)
• Thompson, S. J., ‘ “Population Combined with Wealth and Taxation”: Statistics Representation and the Making of the 1832 Reform Act’, in Tom Crook and Glen O’Hara (eds.), Statistics and the Public Sphere, Numbers and the People in Modern Britain, c. 1800–2000 (New York, 2011), 205–23
• Tompson, R., The Charity Commission and the Age of Reform (London, 1979)
• Trevelyan, G. M., Lord Grey of the Reform Bill (London, 1920)
• Trevelyan, G. M., The Seven Years of William IV (London, 1952)
• Trinder, B., Victorian Banbury (Chichester, 1982)
• Trinder, B., A Victorian Member of Parliament and His Constituents: Correspondence, 1841–59 (Banbury, 1969)
• Vaizey, J., ‘No. 67 “Charles Henry Bellenden Ker”, The Institute: A Club of Conveyancing Counsel. Memoirs of Former Members, i. (London, 1907)
• Veitch, G. S., The Genesis of Parliamentary Reform (London, 1965)
• Vernon, J., Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture, 1815–1867 (Cambridge, 1993)
• Vincent J., ‘The Electoral Sociology of Rochdale’, Economic History Review, 16, 1 (1963), 76–90
• Vincent, J., The Formation of the Liberal Party, 1857–1868 (London, 1966)
• Vincent, J., Pollbooks: How the Victorians Voted (Cambridge, 1967)
• Wadsworth, A., ‘Newspaper Circulations 1800–1954’, Transactions Manchester Statistical Society, 72 (1954–5), 1–41
• Wahrman, D., ‘Virtual Representation: Parliamentary Reporting and Languages of Class in the 1790s’, Past and Present, 136, 1 (1992) 83–113
• Wahrman, D., Imagining the Middle Class: The Political Representation of Class in Britain, c.1780–1840 (Cambridge, 1995)
• Wasson, E. A., ‘The Great Whigs and Parliamentary Reform, 1809–1830’, Journal of British Studies, 24, 4 (1985), 434–64
• Wasson, E. A., ‘The Whigs and the Press, 1800–50’, Parliamentary History, 25, 1 (2006), 68–87
• Wasson, E. A., Whig Renaissance: Lord Althorp and the Whig Party (New York, 1987)
• Weinstein, B., Liberalism and Local Government in Early Victorian London (Woodbridge, 2011)
• Weinstein, B., ‘ “Local Self-Government Is True Socialism”: Joshua Toulmin Smith, the State and Character Formation’, EHR, 123 (2008), 1193–228
• Wilson, F., A Strong Supporting Cast: The Shaw Lefevres 1789–1936 (London, 1993)
• Wright, D. G., ‘A Radical Borough: Parliamentary Politics in Bradford 1832–41’, Northern History, 4, 1 (1969), 132–66

Online secondary sources

• Royal Society, ‘List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007’, https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210110/https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf
• Pattie, C., and Rossiter, D., ‘Another nail – but whose coffin? Redrawing Britain’s constituency map (again) and the future of the UK’s voting system’, Constitution Unit Blog (April, 2021), https://constitution-unit.com/2021/07/12/another-nail-but-whose-coffin-redrawing-britains-constituency-map-again-and-the-future-of-the-uks-voting-system/
• Salmon, P., ‘Boundary changes: the Victorian legacy’, The Victorian Commons (December, 2012), https://victoriancommons.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/boundary-changes-the-victorian-legacy/
• Spychal, M., ‘The 1868 Boundary Act: Disraeli’s attempt to control his ‘leap in the dark’?’, History of Parliament Blog (May, 2018), https://thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com/2018/05/10/the-1868-boundary-act-disraelis-attempt-to-control-his-leap-in-the-dark/
• Spychal, M., ‘The geography of voting behaviour: towards a roll-call analysis of England’s reformed electoral map, 1832–68’, The History of Parliament Blog (March, 2021), https://thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com/2021/03/09/the-geography-of-voting-behaviour-towards-a-roll-call-analysis-of-englands-reformed-electoral-map-1832-68/
• Spychal, M., ‘Five elections in seven years: Peterborough, Whalley and the Fitzwilliam interest’, The Victorian Commons (April, 2017), https://victoriancommons.wordpress.com/2017/04/28/five-elections-in-seven-years-peterborough-whalley-and-the-fitzwilliam-interest/
• Spychal, M., ‘Some parallels: the 1832 and 2018 boundary reviews’, The Victorian Commons (July, 2017), https://victoriancommons.wordpress.com/2017/07/03/some-parallels-the-1832-and-2018-boundary-reviews/
• Spychal, M., ‘Surveying the UK’s parliamentary boroughs: map-making and the 1831–2 boundary commissions’, The Victorian Commons (June, 2018), https://victoriancommons.wordpress.com/2021/06/28/surveying-the-uks-parliamentary-boroughs-map-making-and-the-1831-2-boundary-commissions/
• Spychal, M., ‘ “The power of returning our members will henceforth be in our own hands”: parliamentary reform and its impact on Exeter, 1820–1868’, The Victorian Commons (May, 2020), https://victoriancommons.wordpress.com/2020/05/30/the-power-of-returning-our-members-will-henceforth-be-in-our-own-hands-parliamentary-reform-and-its-impact-on-exeter-1820-1868/

Online reference sources

• Causes and Consequences of Electoral Violence: Evidence from England and Wales, 1832–1914, https://victorianelectionviolence.uk/interactive-map/
• Clergy of the Church of England Database, http://www.theclergydatabase.org.uk
• Digging into Linked Parliamentary Data, https://web.archive.org/web/20160213065928/http://dilipad.history.ac.uk/
• Eggers and Spirling Database, https://andy.egge.rs/eggers_spirling_database.html
• Great Britain Historical GIS, http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk
• Hansard @ Huddersfield, https://web.archive.org/web/20230326061515/https://hansard.hud.ac.uk/site/site.php
• Legacies of British Slave Ownership, https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs
• Measuring Worth, https://www.measuringworth.com
• Salmon, P., and Rix, K. (eds.), The House of Commons, 1832–68, https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/1832-1868

Unpublished theses

• Andrews, J. H., ‘Political Issues in the County of Kent, 1820–1846’, MPhil. diss. London (1967)
• Atton, K. J., ‘Municipal and Parliamentary Politics in Ipswich, 1818–1847’, PhD diss. London (1979)
• Bylsma, J., ‘Political Issues and Party Unity in the House of Commons, 1852–1857: A Scalogram Analysis’, PhD diss. Iowa (1968)
• Dwyer, J. A., ‘An Enlightened Scot and English Reform: A Study of Henry Brougham’, PhD diss. British Columbia (1975)
• Fraser, D., ‘Politics in Leeds’, PhD diss. Leeds (1969)
• Grobel, M. C., ‘The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 1826–1846’, MA diss., London (1933)
• Hayes, B. D., ‘Politics in Norfolk, 1750–1832’, PhD diss. Cambridge (1957)
• Lively, J. F., ‘Ideas of Parliamentary Representation in England, 1815–32’, PhD diss. Cambridge (1957)
• Lloyd-Jones, N., ‘A New British History of the Home Rule Crisis: Public Opinion, Representation and Organisation’, PhD diss. London (2019)
• Pickles, D., ‘The Bowling Tramways’, Unspecified diss. held by Bradford Industrial Museum (1966)
• Radice, P. K. V., ‘Identification, Interests, and Influence: Voting Behaviour in Four English Constituencies in the Decade after the Great Reform Act’, PhD diss. Durham (1992)
• Richardson, S., ‘Independence and Deference: A Study of the West Riding Electorate’, PhD diss, Leeds (1995)
• Smith, J., ‘Legislating for the Four Nations at Westminster in the Age of Reform, 1830–1852’, PhD diss. York (2021)
• Speight, M. E., ‘Politics in the Borough of Colchester, 1812–1847’, PhD diss. London (1969)
• Thompson, S., ‘Census-Taking, Political Economy and State Formation in Britain, c. 1790–1840’, PhD diss. Cambridge (2010)
• Watt, R. G., ‘Parties and Politics in Mid-Victorian Britain, 1857–1859: A Study in Quantification’, PhD diss. Minnesota (1975)
• Woodberry, R., ‘Redistribution and the Second Reform Act: The Intended, and Unintended, Electoral Effects on the Balance of the Political Parties’, PhD diss. Bristol (2007)