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Mapping the State: Index

Mapping the State
Index

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Notes

table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Series
  3. Title
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. Contents
  7. List of illustrations
  8. Acknowledgements
  9. List of abbreviations
  10. Introduction
  11. Part I: Envisioning England’s reformed electoral map
    1. 1. A balancing Act? Interests and parliamentary reform, 1780–1832
    2. 2. ‘The most unpopular part of the bill throughout the country’: Reintegrating boundaries into the story of reform
    3. 3. Towards a science of government: The ‘spirit of inquiry’ and the establishment of the 1831–2 boundary commission
    4. 4. Whipped by the beadles? Data-gathering for the boundary commission
  12. Part II: Redrawing England’s electoral map
    1. Chronology and voting data
    2. 5. ‘The work we are engaged in is intended to last for a century’: Redrawing England’s ancient electoral map
    3. 6. The Droitwich dilemma: Interests, grouping and the multiple parish borough
    4. 7. ‘All the kindred interests of the town and neighbourhood’: New borough limits
    5. 8. Under the knife: Reconstructing the county map
  13. Conclusion
  14. Bibliography
  15. Index

Index

  • A
  • 1831–2 boundary commission (England and Wales)
  • ancient boroughs, 113–25, 173–91, 201–21
  • anti–reform criticism, 101–3, 115, 127, 128–9, 134–40, 178–9, 188–90, 216–17, 247
  • boundary bill, 86
  • data gathering, 13, 111–43
  • division of counties, 6, 13, 213, 263–85
  • Drummond’s list, 5–6, 13, 112–13, 128–40, 213, 304–5
  • establishment, 13, 83–106
  • four nations precedent, 11, 86
  • gerrymandering (cabinet), 140, 217, 244–9, 238, 247–9, 251–3, 264, 274–80
  • gerrymandering (commissioners), 187–9
  • gerrymandering (Littleton), 184, 188–9, 210–14, 221, 236, 244–7, 252, 278, 281–2
  • historiography, 5–6, 86, 103–4, 112–13, 173–4, 218, 264
  • legacy, 142–3, 191, 294, 301–2, 303, 304–5, 308
  • local opinion, 112–17, 176–9, 208
  • new boroughs, 125–8, 233–52
  • nomination towns and polling places, 265, 280–85, 292–4
  • parliamentary committee, 68–70, 87–90, 101, 85–90, 116
  • privy council committee, 62–6, 67–70, 234
  • pro–reform response, 102–3, 110–11, 115–16, 142–3
  • published reports, 1, 134–6, 142, 178–9, 188, 208, 216, 244, 269, 275–7, 301, 304–5
  • royal commission, 64
  • ‘scientific’ approach, 6, 7, 83–5, 96–105, 111–13, 118–43, 151, 173–4, 175–9, 183–4, 190–1, 220–21 234, 239, 266–8, 278–80, 284–5
  • significance to British state, 13, 83–5, 103–5, 113, 140–43, 303
  • sitting committee, 124–5, 152, 174, 176, 183, 186, 188, 202, 210–13, 216–17, 244–52, 265
  • working committee, 94–5, 99, 152, 173–91, 201–21, 232–52
  • working papers (T72), 2, 11–12
  • Abercromby, James, 89–90
  • Abingdon, 190, 193
  • administrative geographies, 174–86, 191, 203–4, 241, 254, 266–7, 294
  • Airy, George Biddell, 135
  • Aldborough, 114, 209–10, 216
  • Allen, Launcelot Baugh, Tancred, Henry, 89, 99, 176, 182, 240–41
  • Althorp, Viscount, 33, 92, 266, 276, 301
  • boundary commission, 97, 103, 128, 186, 211, 212–13, 221, 238, 249
  • division of counties, 72–5, 280–81, 285
  • language of science, 84, 101–2, 104
  • SDUK, 91
  • America, 24–5, 37, 240
  • Amersham, 137–9, 209, 216
  • Andover, 120, 193
  • Ansley, Benjamin, 89, 94, 99, 123, 124–5, 178–9, 182, 208–9
  • anti–corporation reformers, 64, 112, 141
  • anti–reformers, 33–5, 44, 95–6
  • Appleby, 139–40
  • Aris’s Birmingham Gazette, 238
  • Arundel, 122, 190, 208–9, 217, 285
  • Ashburton, 120, 204, 218, 224
  • Ashton, Rosemary, 92
  • Attwood, Thomas, 71
  • Aydelotte, William, 10
  • Aylesbury, 39, 45, 171, 195, 202–3
  • B
  • ballot (secret voting), 70, 72, 74, 153, 159, 162, 166–70, 191–2, 225–7, 254, 288
  • Baily, Francis, 94
  • Banbury, 116, 120, 216, 224, 302
  • Barlow, Peter, 134
  • Barnes, Thomas, 70–78
  • Barnstaple, 39–42, 190
  • Bassett, Francis, 28
  • Bath, 182, 193
  • beating the bounds, 111, 118
  • Beaufort, Francis, 88–9, 92–3, 134–5, 152, 184, 210, 244–9
  • Bedford, 192
  • Berkshire, 284–5
  • Berwick–upon–Tweed, 114, 178–9
  • Bewdley, 204, 211, 218, 230
  • big data. See methodology
  • Birch, Thomas, 89, 95, 99, 130, 176, 180
  • Birmingham
  • boundaries, 115, 237–8, 243–9, 253, 254, 256
  • Political Union (BPU), 71
  • representation of, 27, 29, 40, 42–4, 47–9, 51, 278, 282
  • Birmingham Gazette, 115, 238
  • Birmingham Journal, 238
  • Black, Joseph, 90
  • Blackburn, 46, 126, 127, 236–7, 241, 257, 262, 272
  • Blaxill, Luke, 12, 22–3
  • Bletchingley, 47, 277
  • Bloomsbury, 85, 92, 127
  • Bolton, 241, 257, 262, 271, 283
  • boundaries. See 1831–2 boundary commission (England and Wales)
  • boundary reform
  • anti–reform views, 66–70, 95–6, 100–103, 188–9, 216–17
  • historiography, 5–6, 62
  • government defence, 67–70, 70–8, 87, 142, 188–9, 252
  • pro–reform views, 70–78, 95–6, 186–9
  • reform bill clauses, 62–6
  • See also 1831–2 boundary commission (England and Wales)
  • boroughs (boundaries)
  • 300 £10 householder threshold, 62, 64–6, 67–70, 98, 117, 123–5, 151, 200–17
  • ancient boroughs, 64–5, 118–21, 151–2, 173–91, 201–21
  • new boroughs, 64, 151–2, 232–52
  • Bord, Joe, 96–7
  • Boston, 186, 190
  • Boulton, Matthew, 12, 245–7
  • Bourne, William Sturges, 87–8
  • Brackley, 133, 138
  • Bradford, 236–7, 239–40, 241, 249, 251–2, 253, 255, 262
  • Brandreth, Henry Rowland, 89, 94, 99, 176, 180
  • Brand, Thomas, 40
  • Bridport, 138, 190
  • Brighton, 53, 237, 256
  • British Association for the Advancement of Science, 96–7
  • British state
  • central–local relationships, 110–12, 111–40, 140–43, 234–52, 305, 306–7
  • commissions of inquiry, 7–8, 13–14, 83–5
  • historiography, 1, 7–8, 84–5, 103–4
  • ‘revolution in government’, 7, 84
  • science, 83–5
  • significance of 1831–2 boundary commission, 13, 83–5, 103–5, 113, 140–43, 303, 305–7
  • Bridgnorth, 115, 204, 218, 213, 230
  • Bridgwater, 120, 180–81
  • Bristol, 28, 140, 182
  • Brock, Michael, 5, 65
  • Bromsgrove, 205–14
  • Brooke, John, 27
  • Brougham, Henry Peter, first Baron Brougham and Vaux, Lord, 13, 33
  • 1831–2 boundary commission, 85, 90, 92–7, 102, 113
  • representation of Yorkshire, 63–4, 251
  • reform attempts, 64, 112
  • significance to British state, 104–5
  • SDUK, 90–1, 101
  • The Times, 74, 76, 102
  • Waverers, 211–12, 265–6
  • Bryant, Andrew, 99
  • Buck, Lewis William, 289
  • Buckingham, 133, 209, 218, 230
  • Buckingham, marquess of, 38–9
  • Buller, John Yarde, 289
  • Burdett, Francis, 33–4
  • Burke, Edmund, 28
  • Bury St. Edmunds, 192
  • Bury, 236–7, 242, 257–8, 262, 283
  • Bute, second marquess of, 117, 224
  • C
  • Calne, 111, 119, 123–4, 218, 222, 230
  • Calvert, Nicolson, 40–1, 48
  • Cambridge, 28, 259, 185–6, 192
  • Cambridge (University), 92, 94, 97, 134–7, 266, 279
  • Campbell, John, 70
  • Cannon, John, 39
  • Canning, George, 45–51
  • Canterbury, 28, 120
  • Carrington, George, 182
  • cartography and map–making, 7–8, 12
  • boundary commission, 7, 13, 85, 97–100, 118–21, 130–40, 175–89, 202–17, 239–44, 267–8, 301, 304–5, 306–7
  • Cartwright, William, 87–8, 276
  • Catholic emancipation, 21, 38, 48–50, 51
  • Census data, 6, 64–6, 100, 118, 128–9, 134, 141, 235–9, 267, 269
  • Chadwick, Edwin, 83, 142–3
  • Chapman, John James, 89, 94, 99, 115–6, 119, 125, 186–9, 205–7, 242
  • Chartists, 293, 305
  • Cheltenham, 53, 237, 256
  • Cheshire, 290–93, 274, 281, 296
  • Christchurch, 114, 124, 204, 209, 218, 223, 230
  • church rates, abolition, 153–71, 191–2, 225–6, 253–4, 288, 292
  • Cirencester, 73, 120, 216, 218, 230
  • Clitheroe, 210, 218, 229, 230
  • Cockermouth, 204, 218, 230
  • Cocks, John Somers, 278–9
  • Colby, Thomas, 93, 101
  • commissions and committees,
  • 1816 select committee on education, 90
  • charity commission, 85–6, 90, 92
  • commissions of inquiry, 85–6
  • ‘committee men’, 87–8
  • constitutional precedent, 65–6, 86, 103
  • criminal law, 303
  • factory reform, 7, 83, 84, 103, 302
  • municipal corporations, 8, 83, 103, 191, 302
  • poor laws, 7, 83, 84, 103, 142–3, 302
  • public health, 83–4, 141–3, 303
  • slavery compensation, 302
  • tithes, 8, 83, 302–3
  • weights and measures, 303
  • See also 1831–2 boundary commission (England and Wales)
  • committee of four, 62–6, 235–6
  • Cobbett’s Parliamentary Debates, 12, 29–30
  • Cobbett, William, 46
  • Colchester, 41, 115, 119
  • corn laws, 10, 25, 29, 35–7, 46–7, 49, 153–71, 191–2, 224–6, 234–5, 254, 286–8, 307
  • Cornwall, 180, 270–73, 289, 292, 296
  • corpus linguistics, 12–13, 29–38
  • constituency system, pre–1832
  • boroughs, 21, 24, 26–9, 111–43
  • boundary reform, 38–53
  • counties, 21, 24–6, 280–81
  • defence of, 21–9
  • nomination boroughs, 28–9, 73, 233–4
  • university boroughs, 21–2
  • constituency system, post–1832, 9, 13, 305–7
  • boroughs, 128, 151
  • counties, 151, 285–94
  • divided counties, 13, 151–70, 263–94, 306
  • double–member system, 211–12
  • enfranchisement rates, 128–9
  • modern town, 13, 151–70, 173–95, 306
  • multiple parish, 13, 151–70, 186, 201–27, 306
  • new boroughs, 13, 126, 128, 151–70, 232–58, 306
  • nomination towns and polling places, 292–4
  • proprietorial influence, 220–24, 280, 291–2
  • unchanged boroughs, 13, 151–70, 173–95, 306
  • unchanged counties, 13, 151–70, 285–94
  • university boroughs, 151–70
  • Conservatives, 10–11, 13, 191–5, 221–7, 252–8, 288–94, 306–7
  • Conti, Gregory, 23
  • corruption, 22, 39–51, 159, 194–5, 221–4, 226–7, 290, 303
  • Courier, 134
  • Courtenay, William 88–9
  • Coventry, 115, 188, 192, 278, 282
  • Cragoe, Matthew, 7–8
  • Creighton, Richard, 267–8
  • Cricklade, 38, 45, 171, 195, 202–3
  • Cripps, Joseph, 73
  • Croker, John Wilson,
  • boundary bill, 176–9, 216, 247
  • division of counties, 73
  • Drummond’s list, 134–8
  • minor reform, 44–5, 47
  • Crook, Tom, 141
  • Crosbie, Malcolm Douglas, 301
  • Cumberland, 270–73, 275
  • currency reform, 35, 37, 254
  • D
  • Daily News, 224
  • Dartmouth, 139, 193
  • Dawson, Robert Kearsley, 11, 89, 94, 98–9, 103, 130, 267, 302–3
  • democratisation (concept), 2–3, 4, 305
  • Denman, Thomas, 65, 91, 282
  • Derby, 188–9, 192, 259
  • Derby, fourteenth earl of (Edward Smith Stanley), 48, 70, 283
  • governments of, 159, 286, 307
  • Derbyshire, 74, 270–73
  • Devizes, 119, 193
  • Devon, 130, 180, 270–73
  • Devonport, 270–71, 256
  • Dickinson, William, 87
  • disfranchisement schedules, (reform bill), 68, 121, 128–40, 210, 212
  • Disraeli, Benjamin, 227, 286, 303, 307
  • division of counties
  • anti–reform criticism, 66–70, 267
  • development of reform bill clauses, 62–4, 263–6
  • government defence, 67, 266–7, 274, 278–80
  • pro–reform criticism, 70–78, 267
  • See also 1831–2 boundary commission (England and Wales)
  • Dod, Charles, 13
  • Dorchester, 175–6
  • Doyle, John, 77–8
  • Draper, Nicholas, 28
  • Drinkwater, John Elliot, 89, 94, 97, 99, 103, 121, 127, 175–6, 180, 207–8, 217, 302
  • Droitwich, 114, 201, 204, 205–17, 218, 220, 223
  • Drummond, Thomas, 92–4
  • ancient boroughs, 173–189
  • centrality to reform, 1, 3, 304–5
  • division of counties, 267, 284–5
  • Drummond’s list, 5–6, 128–40, 141–3, 304–5
  • establishing commission, 85, 89–90, 92–5
  • legacy, 142–3, 191, 301–2, 303, 304–5, 308
  • local opinion, 113–18
  • multiple parish boroughs, 201–18
  • new boroughs, 234, 239–52
  • ‘scientific’ approach, 96–105, 111–13, 118–43, 151, 173–4, 184, 190–91, 234, 239
  • supervision of commission, 118–28, 152, 301
  • Duncannon, Viscount, 74
  • Dudley, 115, 211, 236, 256, 257, 270, 282
  • Durham (borough), 120, 178–9, 183
  • Durham (county), 112, 114, 270–73, 292
  • Durham, earl, 64, 112
  • E
  • economic distress, 23, 35–8
  • Edinburgh Review, 90–91
  • Edinburgh, University, 90, 93
  • Eggers, Andy, Spirling, Arthur, 9–10, 13
  • electoral culture, 9, 193–5, 221–7, 256–8, 292–3
  • Ellis, Thomas Flower, 89, 94, 99, 111, 176, 302
  • Eastwood, David, 9
  • East India Company, 37
  • Essex, 270–73, 290, 296
  • Essex Standard, 115
  • Evesham, 39, 122, 133, 207, 211–12
  • Examiner, 74
  • Exeter, 176–7, 194
  • expertise, 84, 86, 87, 92, 95, 98, 141, 182, 301–3
  • Eye, 133, 216, 218, 222, 230
  • F
  • Finsbury, 126, 127–8, 244, 249–50, 256
  • Fox, Charles James, 28
  • franchise
  • £10 householders, 64–6, 75, 98, 100, 115, 121–8, 190, 192–5, 200, 255
  • ancient boroughs, 65, 120–21, 128–9, 192–5, 221–7, 255, 304
  • counties, 68, 75, 102, 187–9, 205–6, 213, 265, 272–4, 290
  • enfranchisement rates, 126, 128–9
  • types of, 28, 39, 48
  • French Revolution, 1830, 5
  • free trade, 10, 25, 29, 35–7, 46–7, 49, 153–71, 191–2, 224–6, 234–5, 254, 286–8, 307
  • Freshfield, James, 69
  • Frome, 239, 240, 242, 256
  • G
  • Gash, Norman, 2, 5, 201–2
  • Gateshead, 114, 236, 240, 242, 256, 270
  • Gawler, Henry, 89, 94, 99, 114, 123, 178–9, 182, 208–9
  • gender
  • women and 1832 reform legislation, 4, 128, 257
  • general elections
  • 1826, 46–7, 63–4, 225, 274
  • 1830, 202, 225, 274
  • 1831, 61–2, 68–70, 86, 87, 202, 224, 225, 274, 286
  • 1832, 128–9, 224, 225, 226, 248, 253, 277, 290, 301
  • 1835, 129, 225, 272, 288, 290, 307
  • 1837, 129, 159–60, 223, 225, 292
  • 1841, 129, 225,
  • 1847, 129, 192, 225–6
  • 1852, 129, 159, 225, 288, 292
  • 1857, 129, 225
  • 1859, 129, 192, 224–5
  • 1865, 128–9, 192, 225–6, 227
  • Gilbert, Davies, 88–9, 138
  • Globe, 74
  • Gloucester, 115, 119, 188, 194
  • Gloucestershire, 187, 270–74, 283–4, 296
  • Goderich, Viscount, 214
  • Goulburn, Henry, 73, 279
  • Gordon, Sir James Willoughby, 88–9
  • Graham, Sir James, 92
  • Grampound, 39–45, 46, 63
  • Grantham, 216, 218, 230
  • Great Britain Historical GIS Project, 13
  • Greenwood, Christopher, 98, 119
  • Greenwood, Cox & Co., 98
  • Grenville, Lord, 38–9
  • Grey, second Earl, 34, 93
  • boundary reform, 71, 86–7, 89, 112, 127, 128, 140, 211–12, 214, 221, 249, 265
  • government of, 4, 7, 11, 22, 51, 61–2, 76, 78, 83–5, 86, 90, 95, 96, 104–5, 113, 141, 142, 195, 201–2, 221, 224, 233–4, 251, 253, 263–4, 280, 308
  • unreformed electoral system, 26
  • Grimsby, Great, 184, 209, 218, 226, 230, 231
  • Grinstead, East, 120–21, 210, 216
  • H
  • Hallam, Henry, 88–9
  • Halifax, 43, 128, 237, 242, 251–2
  • Hampshire, 263, 270–73, 276–7, 288, 293, 296
  • Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 12, 29–30
  • Hansard at Huddersfield, 30
  • Harvey, Daniel Whittle, 41
  • Harwich, 192
  • Hastings, 192, 197
  • hats, 233
  • Hawkins, Angus, 10, 174, 304–5
  • Heath, William, 91
  • Heathcote, Gilbert John, 292
  • Heesom, Alan, 9
  • Helston, 39–42, 137–9, 210, 217–18
  • Herefordshire, 292
  • Herschel, John, 12, 96, 134–5
  • Hertford, 40, 120, 191, 197, 294
  • Hertfordshire, 294
  • Heygate, Alderman, 41
  • Heywood, Benjamin, 251
  • Hilton, Boyd, 83, 202
  • History of Parliament, 6, 9, 13, 151
  • Honiton, 120, 204, 218, 224, 230
  • Hoppit, Julian, 25
  • Horner, Leonard, 142
  • Horsham, 124, 204, 218, 230
  • Huddersfield, 237, 243–4, 252, 262
  • Hughes Hughes, William, 72–4
  • Hull, 114, 123, 183
  • Hume, David, 90
  • Hume, Joseph, 33–4, 250
  • Hunt, Henry, 136
  • Huntingdon, 133, 137, 204, 218, 222, 231
  • Huskisson, William, 34, 47–51
  • Hythe, 209, 216, 218, 223, 224, 230
  • I
  • Ilchester, 281
  • India, 8, 28, 30, 31, 37, 52
  • Inglis, Robert, 21–2
  • Ireland, 4–5, 11, 21, 38–9 93, 301–2
  • J
  • Jaggard, Edwin, 221
  • Jardine, George, 93
  • John Bull, 68, 74, 115
  • Jolliffe, Colonel Hylton, 68–9
  • Jones, Richard, 97
  • Joyce, Patrick, 8, 306–7
  • Judd, Gerrit, 27
  • K
  • Keck, George Legh, 47
  • Kendal, 242, 256
  • Kent, 75, 99, 270–73, 277
  • Ker, Henry Bellenden, 92–5, 99, 101–02, 175, 182, 303
  • Kettering, 263, 293
  • Kidderminster, 115, 211, 242, 256
  • King’s Lynn, 122, 186
  • Knaresborough, 42, 193
  • Knatchbull, Edward, 87–8
  • Knightley, Charles, 276
  • L
  • Lambeth, 237, 244, 250, 256, 270
  • Lancashire, 43, 51, 126, 232, 237, 251, 288
  • division of, 268–73, 283, 285, 290, 305
  • Lancaster, 182–3
  • Langford, Paul, 25
  • Lansdowne, third marquess of, 64, 87–8, 96, 212, 213–14, 221–2
  • Launceston, 210, 218, 222, 230
  • Lawley, Francis, 238, 278, 282, 288
  • Leeds, 27, 29, 40, 42–4, 51, 183, 255, 256
  • Leeds Mercury, 74
  • Leeds Intelligencer, 115
  • Lefevre, John George Shaw, 13, 88, 92, 302
  • division of counties, 264–80, 294, 305, 308
  • nomination towns and polling places, 280–85
  • legislation
  • 1707 Act of Union, 65
  • 1765 Stamp Act, 24–5
  • 1828 Sacramental Test Act, 38
  • 1832 Boundary Act (England and Wales), 1, 11, 13, 86, 152, 174, 190–91, 193, 194, 201, 217, 234, 247, 249–55, 264, 269, 273–4, 276–80, 281, 284, 285, 294, 301, 304–6, 308
  • 1832 Boundary Act (Ireland), 4–5, 11
  • 1832 Reform Act (England and Wales), 11, 61–2, 152
  • 1832 Reform Act (Ireland), 4–5, 11
  • 1832 Reform Act (Scotland), 4–5, 11
  • 1832 reform legislation, 305–8
  • contemporary debate, 3, 23–4, 45, 126, 127–8, 130–33, 134–140
  • development of boundary clauses, 13, 61–78, 86, 234–9, 265–6, 304
  • disfranchisement schedules, 5–6, 13, 112–13, 128–40, 210, 212, 304
  • franchise clauses, 127–8
  • historiography, 1, 4–6, 11, 22, 218, 234
  • precedents, 13, 294
  • 1835 Municial Corporations Act, 191, 193
  • 1867–8 reform legislation, 227
  • 1868 Boundary Act, 191, 294, 305–6
  • 1885 Redistribution of Seats Act, 191, 226, 294, 305–6
  • Leicester, 194, 270
  • Leicestershire, 47, 70, 75–6, 270–3, 278, 292
  • Lennard, George Barrett, 89, 94–5, 99, 101, 182
  • Leominster, 120, 133, 176, 216–18, 230
  • Leslie, John, 93
  • Lewis, Thomas Frankland, 87–8
  • liberal governmentality, 8, 306–7
  • liberal Tories, 7, 47–53, 83, 91, 96, 102, 286
  • Liberal Conservatives, 10
  • Liberal (party), 10–11, 13, 158–62, 191–5, 221–7, 252–8, 288–94, 306–7
  • Liberal Registration Society, 291
  • Lichfield, 192, 281–2
  • Lincoln, 120
  • Liverpool, 28, 126, 182, 194, 240–41, 259, 271, 283
  • Liverpool, second earl of (formerly Robert Jenkinson), 26, 27–8, 34, 44, 45, 47
  • Liskeard, 120, 204, 218, 224
  • Lister, Ellis Cunliffe, 251, 255
  • Littleton, Edward,
  • boundary commission, 88, 301
  • division of counties, 72, 277–9
  • midland boundaries (gerrymandering), 188–9, 210–14, 221, 236, 244–7, 252, 277–2
  • sitting committee, 152, 184, 210, 244, 247, 249, 265
  • Lloyd–Jones, Naomi, 12
  • local officials, 101–2
  • information sharing, 62, 64–6, 100, 103, 111–34, 140–43, 178–9, 233–44, 305–7
  • London (city), 72, 120, 265
  • London University (later UCL), 85, 90–92, 94–5
  • Lostwithiel, 133, 138–9, 209
  • Ludlow, 120, 175
  • Luttrell, John, 26
  • Lyme Regis, 120, 208, 209, 218, 224
  • Lymington, 114, 204
  • Lyttelton, Lord, 278, 288
  • M
  • Macaulay, Thomas, 110–11, 140
  • Macclesfield, 242, 256, 257, 262, 270
  • Mackintosh, James, 42–3, 48
  • McIntyre, Eneas, 137
  • McLean’s Monthly Sheet of Caricatures, 290–91
  • Maidstone, 180
  • Maldon, 208–9, 218, 224, 230
  • Malmesbury, 124, 133, 209, 218, 223, 230
  • Malton, 114, 204, 218, 230
  • Manchester, 27, 29, 40, 42–4, 47–8, 51, 126–7, 182–3, 237, 256, 258
  • Manchester Statistical Society, 97
  • Manners–Sutton, Charles, 64
  • mathematics, 90, 93, 128–30, 133–4, 133–8
  • maps. See cartography and map–making
  • ‘march of intellect’, 91–2
  • Marlborough, 119, 209, 218, 230
  • Martin, Henry, 88–9
  • Marx, Karl, 4
  • Marylebone, 127, 244, 249–50, 256
  • mechanics’ institutes, 90, 96
  • Melbourne, Viscount (William Lamb), 47–51, 75
  • boundary reform, 95, 97, 214
  • governments of, 83, 153
  • methodology
  • corpus linguistics, 29–31
  • digital methods, 3, 12–13, 22–3. 30–31
  • roll–call analysis, 9–11, 13, 150–65
  • traditional approach to political history, 11–12
  • merchants, 27
  • Midhurst, 133, 139, 216, 218, 230
  • Millar, John, 90
  • Miller, Henry, 12, 306
  • Milton, Viscount, 44–5, 96, 276
  • Minehead, 139
  • Mirror of Parliament, 12
  • Moore, D. C., 2, 5, 4, 50, 5, 173–4, 201, 219–21, 253, 264–5, 267, 274, 278
  • Moorsom, Richard, 238, 247–9
  • Morning Chronicle, 72, 74–5, 284–5
  • Morning Herald, 74
  • Morning Post
  • criticism of boundary reform, 68–9, 74, 101, 134, 292–3
  • reporting on interests, 41, 45
  • Morpeth, 114, 139, 209, 218, 230
  • N
  • Namier, Lewis, 4
  • Navickas, Katrina, 8, 174, 191, 306–7
  • navigation laws, 37
  • Newark, 90, 184, 192
  • Newbould, Ian, 10
  • Newcastle upon Tyne, 183, 241, 270, 272–3
  • Newton (Lancashire), 133, 283
  • Nonconformists, 38, 159, 235, 257
  • Norfolk, 270–73, 290, 296
  • North, Lord, 26
  • Northallerton, 114, 120, 124, 209, 218, 230
  • Northampton, 34, 186, 194
  • Northamptonshire, 96, 263, 266, 270–73, 276–7, 290, 293
  • Northumberland, 113–14,1 86, 270–73
  • Norwich Mercury, 70
  • Nottingham, 188–89, 190, 281
  • Nottinghamshire, 75, 188, 270–73, 281, 292
  • O
  • Okehampton, 210, 216
  • Oldham, 233–4, 237, 244, 249, 251–2, 254, 257, 262
  • Oliver, Richard, 7
  • Ord, William, 89, 94–5, 99, 101, 115–16, 119, 125, 186–9, 205–7, 242
  • Ordnance Survey, 6, 85, 90, 93–4, 98–9, 101, 115, 118, 130, 141, 184, 267
  • O’Gorman, Frank, 9, 257
  • Oxford University, 21, 22, 92
  • P
  • Page, Frederick, 94
  • Palmerston, Viscount, 74
  • boundary reform, 213–14, 221, 277, 288
  • governments of, 226
  • parliamentary reform, 47–9, 51
  • Parliamentary Companion, 13
  • parliamentary government, 10
  • parliamentary returns, 62, 64–6, 118, 121, 136, 267, 306–7
  • Parkes, Joseph, 72, 78, 142–3, 190
  • Peel, Robert, 33, 92
  • boundary reform, 67, 73, 102, 134, 136, 282
  • governments of, 153, 159, 224, 226, 286, 307
  • minor reform, 47–9, 51–2
  • Penryn, 28, 39–42, 46–8, 69, 209, 216
  • Peterborough, 186, 216, 218, 222
  • Peterloo Massacre, 41, 45
  • Petersfield, 69, 131, 133–5, 216, 218, 230, 266, 302
  • petitioning, 23, 29, 35–7, 46, 61, 71, 78, 100, 292
  • boundaries, 153, 179, 186, 190, 236–39, 249–50, 252, 305–6
  • election petitions, 266
  • Drummond’s list, 137, 140
  • nomination towns and polling places, 282, 284
  • Pickersgill, Henry William, 1
  • Pitt, William (the Younger), 26, 28
  • Pitt, William (Lord Chatham), 28
  • Playfair, John, 90, 93
  • Plymouth, 120, 132, 270–71
  • Plympton Earle, 130–34, 139
  • Phillips, John, 7–8
  • political parties, 9
  • labels, 9, 13, 274
  • organisation, 9, 10, 193–5, 221–7, 256–8, 263, 288–94
  • political unions, 5, 61, 71, 75, 76, 212, 238
  • political economy, 3, 7, 47, 52, 90–2, 96, 101, 266
  • Pollock, Frederick, 137–8
  • Pontefract, 114, 133, 190
  • Poole, 190, 259
  • Porter, Theodore, 97
  • Portsmouth, 193, 270
  • Preston, 136, 176, 251
  • protectionism, 35–6
  • Q
  • Quarterly Review, 67
  • Queen Caroline affair, 45, 90
  • Quetelet, Adolphe, 97
  • R
  • radicals, 10, 33–4
  • Reading, 192, 193, 266
  • railways, 223, 224, 240–41, 256, 283, 302
  • redistribution of seats, 4–5, 38, 40, 46, 51–2, 62, 64, 76–7, 190, 203, 294, 304–5
  • reformers, 10, 33–4, 71, 76, 191, 193, 226, 253, 286–7, 289
  • registration of voters, 9, 128, 193–5, 221–7, 255–7, 288–93, 304–5
  • Reigate, 204, 207, 209, 218, 222, 230, 279
  • Rendel, James Meadows, 131, 132–3
  • representation of interests, 3, 12, 63, 174, 220–21, 256, 307–8
  • agricultural interest, 13, 30–32, 35–7, 40–53, 63, 73, 202–3, 206–8, 218, 220, 223–7, 242–9, 253, 263, 278–80, 281–3, 285, 306–7
  • aristocracy, 26, 41, 62, 72–6
  • boundary commission, 174, 175–9, 201, 205–10, 213, 219–21, 233, 237, 247, 252, 263, 279–80, 285
  • Catholic interest, 22, 30–32, 38
  • Church interest, 22, 30–32, 38, 52
  • colonial interest, 22, 27, 28, 30–32
  • commercial interest, 22, 24, 26–8, 30–32, 35, 36–8, 40–53, 63, 203, 220, 233–5, 253, 255–8, 306–7
  • crown, 26
  • defence of unreformed electoral map, 21–9
  • democracy, 26, 41
  • East India interest, 22, 28, 30–32, 52–3
  • iron interest, 256, 282
  • landed interest, 13, 24–6, 30–32, 35–6, 39, 62–3, 202–3, 213, 218, 223–7, 263, 306–7
  • language of, 13, 29–38
  • legal interest, 52
  • manufacturing interest, 22, 27, 30–32, 35, 40–53, 188, 207–8, 233–5, 238, 242–9, 253, 255–8, 278–280, 285, 306–7
  • monied interest, 22, 24, 27, 30–32, 36, 53
  • naval interest, 52, 256
  • professional interest, 22, 27, 28–9, 52
  • shipping interest, 22, 30–32, 36–7, 52–3, 248–9, 256
  • textile interest, 256–7
  • ‘watering–hole’ interest, 52
  • West India interest, 22, 28, 30–32, 36–8, 52–3, 56
  • representative theory
  • mirroring models, 23, 42–3
  • virtual representation, 24–5
  • Retford, East, 38, 45, 46–53, 171, 195, 202–3
  • Ricardo, David, 97
  • Richmond, 114, 120, 204, 218, 230, 252, 285, 292
  • Richmond, dukeof, 284
  • Ripon, 120, 139, 193
  • Robson, Brian, 6
  • Rochdale, 237, 241, 257, 262, 283
  • Rochester, 175, 270
  • roll–call analysis, 9–11, 13, 150–65
  • Romilly, John, 89, 94–5, 99, 126–7, 176, 182–3, 240–41, 302
  • Rosslyn, Lord, 87
  • Roszman, Jay, 301–2
  • Royal artillery, 89, 90, 94–5
  • Royal Astronomical Society, 92–4, 184
  • Royal engineers, 90, 93–5, 141
  • Royal Geographical Society, 92
  • Royal Society, 87–90, 93, 138, 266
  • Russell, Lord John,
  • attempted gerrymandering, 244–9
  • boundary commission, 97, 128, 133, 134, 203, 211–14
  • boundary reform proposals, 85–92, 95, 238, 265
  • critique of unreformed electoral map, 23–4, 41–53, 112, 307
  • defence of boundary bill, 252, 266, 283
  • defence of reform bill, 67
  • defence of Whig reform agenda, 83, 104
  • drafting reform bill, 64–5
  • governments of, 225, 302
  • reform proposals after 1832, 227, 307–8
  • Rye, 208–9, 216–17, 218, 230
  • S
  • Saltash, 210, 216
  • St. Albans, 194, 197
  • St. Ives, 210, 217, 218, 223, 230
  • St. James’s Chronicle, 137
  • Salford, 126, 237, 258, 262, 270, 271
  • Salmon, Philip,
  • boundary reform, 2, 6, 201–2, 264, 266
  • ‘consultation’ model, 62, 76, 113, 141, 236, 238, 305–6
  • registration, 7–8, 128, 272
  • Sandwich, 120, 259
  • Saunders, Robert John, 89, 94–5, 99, 103, 121, 175–6, 180, 207, 217, 302
  • Scarborough, 193
  • Schonhardt–Bailey, Cheryl, 10
  • science, 12, 96–7
  • anti-reform view, 101–3, 134–8
  • boundary commission, 6, 7, 83–5, 96–105, 111–13, 118–43, 151, 173–4, 175–9, 183–4, 190–91, 220–21 234, 239, 266–8, 278–80
  • disinterestedness and impartiality, 3, 84, 87, 96–101, 104, 112–13, 116–17, 125, 140–43, 174–5, 178–9, 188, 203, 220–21, 253, 264–5, 278–80, 284–5, 304–5
  • social science movement, 7, 90–91, 97
  • Whig governing ethos, 3, 7, 83–5, 95–7, 103–5
  • Scotland, 4, 21, 93, 98–9, 202
  • Scotsman, 136
  • Scottish Enlightenment, 83, 85, 96
  • Scott, Richard, 89, 94, 99
  • Seymour, Robert, 50
  • Shaftesbury, 119, 124, 204, 216, 218, 226, 230
  • Sheepshanks, Richard, 89, 94, 99, 101, 179, 184–6, 204, 303
  • Sheffield, 43, 44, 182, 241, 244, 249–50, 255–7
  • Sheldrick, George, 301
  • Shields, North (Tynemouth), 241, 258
  • Shields, South, 114, 256, 258, 270
  • Shoreham, New, 38, 45, 171, 195, 202–3
  • Shropshire, 270–73, 290, 296
  • Sidney, Algernon, 24–5
  • slavery, 28, 35, 37–8, 302
  • Smith, James, 12
  • Smith, Joshua Toulmin, 303
  • Smith, Sydney, 90, 303
  • Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (SDUK), 7, 12, 76, 85, 89–101, 184, 266
  • Somerset, 180, 270–73, 277, 283–4, 289–90, 296
  • Southwark, 270
  • Stafford, 194
  • Staffordshire, 44, 72, 132, 152, 184
  • boroughs, 235–6
  • division of, 270–73, 281–3, 285, 289, 292
  • representation of, 115, 245–7
  • Stamford, 185–6, 190
  • Standard, 101, 102, 137
  • Statistical Society of London, 97
  • statistics, 3, 6
  • boundary commission, 7, 13, 85, 96–7, 100–1, 118–21, 128–43, 269–73
  • electoral system, 42–3
  • inductive method, 83, 85, 97, 104
  • legislative application, 104–5, 302–3, 305, 306–7
  • social science, 96–7
  • Stewart, Dugald, 90
  • Stanley, Edward John, 70
  • Stoke–on–Trent, 124, 127, 188, 237, 242, 244, 249, 250, 255, 256, 257
  • Strickland, George, 71, 251–2
  • Stroud, 242–3, 256, 257, 270
  • Sudbury, 41, 194–5, 204
  • Suffolk, 270–73, 276–7, 288–9, 296
  • sugar duties, 37–8
  • Sugden, Edward, 33, 69–70
  • Sumner, John Holme, 43–4
  • Sun, 137
  • Sunderland, 114, 240, 241, 243–4, 247–9, 256, 257, 258, 270
  • surveyors, 1, 94, 98–100, 112, 118–19, 123, 130–34, 141, 174, 175–83, 203–4, 217, 239, 246, 302, 305
  • Sussex, 208, 270–73, 277, 285, 290, 292
  • T
  • Tallents, William, 89–90, 95, 101, 121, 179, 184–6, 204
  • Tamworth, 124, 216, 218, 226, 230, 282
  • Tancred, Henry, 9, 94, 99, 113–14, 122–4, 178–9, 183, 209, 224, 240, 242–3, 247, 302
  • tariffs and trade duties, 27, 35–9, 46–7
  • Taunton, 120, 281
  • Tavistock, 41, 124, 139, 216, 230
  • taxation
  • compounding, 126–8
  • house duty (assessed), 100, 115, 120, 122–3, 126, 129–30, 132–4, 137, 139, 202
  • paving, watch and lighting, 122
  • poor rate, 36, 122–3, 126–7
  • Taylor, Miles, 9, 12, 256
  • Tennyson, Charles, 47–9, 190
  • Tewkesbury, 116, 119, 187, 216, 219, 224
  • Thetford, 192, 209, 216
  • The Times,
  • boundary commission, 102, 116, 134
  • division of counties, 62, 70–78, 264
  • reporting on interests, 40–41, 45
  • Thicknesse, Ralph, 283
  • Thornton, Robert, 182
  • Thirsk, 114, 120, 209, 219, 226, 230
  • Tithes, 8, 38, 83, 97, 302–3
  • Tiverton, 192–3
  • Tories
  • country Tories, 24, 26, 27
  • ministerialists, 33–4, 47–53, 87
  • ultra-tories, 33–4, 50, 51–2, 87
  • Totnes, 137, 194, 204
  • Thompson, Stephen, 6, 7
  • Tower Hamlets, 244, 249–50, 255, 256
  • Truro, 120, 192, 204
  • Tynemouth, 114, 236–7, 239, 256, 270, 273
  • Tyrell, Charles, 277, 288
  • U
  • universal suffrage, 42, 71–2
  • V
  • Vernon, James, 257
  • W
  • Wakefield, 114, 237, 242, 256,
  • Wales, 4, 11, 21, 98–100, 111, 182, 202
  • Wall, Charles Baring, 102–3
  • Wallace, William, 135
  • Wallingford, 124–5, 209, 219, 230
  • Walsall, 115, 235–6, 242, 246, 256, 270, 281–2
  • Warburton, Henry, 138
  • Ward, John, earl of Dudley, 44–5, 47, 49
  • Wareham, 133, 209, 217, 219, 226, 231
  • Warrington, 240–41, 283
  • Warwick, 115, 191
  • Warwickshire, 43, 51, 188, 238, 245, 270–73, 277–80, 282–3, 285, 288, 290
  • Wasson, Ellis, 45, 78
  • Waverers, the, 128–9, 139, 202, 210–13, 218, 219–20, 265–6
  • Wellington, duke of, 22, 47, 71, 87
  • government of, 48–52, 61, 87
  • Wells, 120
  • Westbury, 120, 137, 139, 209, 219, 230
  • Westminster (constituency), 192, 193
  • Wetherell, Charles, 103, 138
  • Weymouth, 72, 120
  • Wharncliffe, Lord, 265
  • Whewell, William, 96
  • Whitehaven, 237, 239, 242, 256
  • Wigan, 192, 283
  • Windsor, 193
  • Whigs, 4, 10, 33–4, 51, 91–2, 191–5, 221–7, 252–8, 288–94
  • country Whigs, 24, 26, 27
  • court Whigs, 24, 27
  • rationale for reform, 41–5, 46, 49–53, 218–19, 244
  • science, 83–5, 95–7
  • social reform, 84–5
  • Whitby, 53, 114, 237–9, 243–4, 247–9, 253, 256
  • Wilbraham, George, 274
  • William IV, 5, 61, 93
  • Wilton, 119, 133, 209, 219, 222, 230
  • Wiltshire, 70, 119, 270–73
  • Winchester, 120, 178, 193
  • Wolverhampton, 115, 235–6, 237, 242, 246, 256, 258, 270, 282
  • Wood, John, 251
  • Woodstock, New, 216, 218, 230
  • Worcester, 114, 116–17, 187–9
  • Worcester Herald, 115
  • Worcestershire, 44, 71, 115, 187, 201, 207, 212, 270–73, 277–8, 288
  • Wright, Robison, 118
  • Wrottesley, John, 89, 94–5, 99, 101, 113–14, 122–4, 178–9, 183, 209, 224, 240, 242–3, 247, 302
  • Wycombe, Chipping, 204, 216, 219, 230
  • Wylde, William, 89, 94, 99, 176, 302
  • Wynford, Baron, 252, 34
  • Y
  • Yarmouth, Great, 186
  • York, 96, 120, 183, 193
  • Yorkshire, 71, 113, 236, 252
  • division of, 62–3, 266, 269, 289–90, 305
  • representation of, 40, 43–51, 72, 90, 251
  • Yorkshire Association, 26
  • Young, Thomas, 75

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