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First published 2025 by

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© Rachel E. Johnson 2025

The right of Rachel E. Johnson to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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Please note that third-party material reproduced here may not be published under the same license as the rest of this book. If you would like to reuse any third-party material not covered by the book’s Creative Commons license, you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holder.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library.

ISBN 978-1-915249-44-9 (hardback)

ISBN 978-1-915249-45-6 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-915249-47-0 (.epub)

ISBN 978-1-915249-46-3 (.pdf)

ISBN 978-1-915249-99-9 (.html)

DOI https://doi.org/10.14296/rync2520

Cover image: On the streets of Soweto, Johannesburg everyone rejoiced at the news of Nelson Mandela’s release. 11.02.1990. SueKramer / Africa Media Online.

Cover design for University of London Press by Nicky Borowiec.

Series design by Nicky Borowiec.

Book design by Nigel French.

Text set by Westchester Publishing Services UK in Meta Serif and Meta, designed by Erik Spiekermann.