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Artificial Intelligence, Art and Indigeneity: 7. Autenticidad creativa y sensibilidad visual artificial Creative authenticity and artificial visual sensibility

Artificial Intelligence, Art and Indigeneity
7. Autenticidad creativa y sensibilidad visual artificial Creative authenticity and artificial visual sensibility
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table of contents
  1. Praise Page
  2. Understanding Languages, Cultures and Societies
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. Contents
  7. List of figures
  8. Notes on contributors
  9. Acknowledgements
  10. Introduction
    1. Notes
  11. Part I: AI, Art and Indigeneity
    1. 1. AI and art
      1. Notes
    2. 2. Indigenous AI
      1. Notes
    3. 3. Indigenous art and AI
      1. Notes
    4. 4. Indigenous AI and art in a Latin American context
      1. Notes
    5. 5. A timeline of AIAI
      1. Notes
    6. 6. Methodology
      1. Notes
  12. Part II: Between Dreams and Hallucinations
    1. 7. Autenticidad creativa y sensibilidad visual artificial Creative authenticity and artificial visual sensibility
      1. Notes
    2. 8. Inteligencia Artificial o los artificios de la inteligencia Artificial Intelligence or the artifices of intelligence
      1. Notes
    3. 9. Desde una cuenta propia hasta un modelo propio From an account of one’s own to a model of one’s own
      1. Una cuenta propia
      2. Un modelo propio
      3. An account of one’s own
      4. A model of one’s own
    4. 10. A Inteligência Artificial e a cosmofloresta, e Representando os parentes e os encantados com IA Artificial Intelligence and the cosmoforest, and Representing Indigenous kin and our spiritual beings with AI
      1. A Inteligência Artificial e a cosmofloresta
        1. Cosmofloresta: uma visão envolvente da natureza
        2. A Inteligência Artificial ao serviço da cosmofloresta
        3. Geração de imagens por algoritmos: uma ponte visual
      2. Representando os parentes e os encantados com IA
      3. AI and the cosmoforest
        1. The cosmoforest: an enveloping vision of nature
        2. Artificial Intelligence in the service of the cosmoforest
        3. Algorithmic image generation: a visual bridge
      4. Representing Indigenous kin and our spiritual beings with AI
      5. Notes
    5. 11. Hasta sueño con la IA I even dream about AI
      1. Notes
    6. 12. Nikiékliwahi e o espírito da máquina, e Realismo digital indígena Nikiékliwahi and the spirit of the machine, and Indigenous digital realism
      1. Nikiékliwahi e o espírito da máquina
      2. Realismo digital indígena
      3. Nikiékliwahi and the spirit of the machine
      4. Indigenous digital realism
      5. Notes
  13. Part III: Generative Thoughts
    1. 13. A genealogy of stereotypes: the representation of Indigenous Peoples with generative AI
      1. Mise-en-scène
      2. The pose and the screen
      3. The ethnic scene
      4. Under-representation
      5. Notes
    2. 14. Drawing the line: creativity, censorship and copyright in Indigenous engagement with AI image-generation tools
      1. Creativity
      2. Censorship
      3. Copyright
      4. Notes
    3. 15. Dragon dreaming: notes on methodology for the collaborative design of an Indigenous image-generation prototype
      1. Leeds workshop 1: broken
      2. The past is ahead of us (field note)
      3. Commission for the prototype
      4. Methodology: to hold a space
      5. Leeds workshop 2: risk and ritual
      6. Holding your words in my mouth (field note)
      7. Leeds workshop 3: What do you mean by ‘intelligence’?
      8. Listening through my eyes (field note)
      9. Leeds workshop 4: What are your dreams?
      10. A model and a dog
      11. Prisoners of science (field note)
      12. Leeds city market and the global circulation of images of Indigeneity
      13. Indigenous data security
      14. Final thoughts: AI and Indigenous epistemologies
      15. Notes
    4. 16. Algorithmic Indigeneity, Indigenous textiles and future imaginaries
      1. Algorithmic logic in Indigenous cultures
      2. Indigenous textiles in AI
      3. Indigenous future imaginaries in AI
      4. Notes
    5. 17. Artificial Intelligence, appropriation, ancestrality and Buen Vivir
      1. Indigenous Appropriation of Artificial Intelligence (Sebastián Gerlic)
      2. Ancestral Intelligence (Sebastián Gerlic)
      3. Digital Buen Vivir (Alex Potiguara)
      4. Notes
    6. 18. Is it art? Exhibiting the AIAI project
      1. The Generative Fictions Exhibition: Words, Images and Territories (Sandra De Berduccy)
      2. Science Week at the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland (Andreas Rauh)
      3. Notes
    7. Conclusion
      1. Epistemologies, creativity and authorship
      2. Languages and translations
      3. Data sovereignty and cultural stewardship
      4. Environmental (un)sustainability and the limits of generative AI
      5. AI (counter)hegemony and the limits of decolonising Indigenous AI
      6. Ancestrality and AI
  14. Bibliography
  15. Index

Chapter 7 Autenticidad creativa y sensibilidad visual artificial Creative authenticity and artificial visual sensibility

Azul–Nicolás Jiménez Reyes

Inche pignen1 Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, conocido como Azul, descendiente del Pueblo Mapuche por parte de madre y abuela materna, y perteneciente a la Asociación Indígena Calaucán de Llolleo, San Antonio, Chile. Soy egresado de la carrera de Artes Visuales de la Universidad de Playa Ancha de Valparaíso y he sido distinguido en mi trayectoria artística por la Corporación Nacional Indígena (CONADI). Actualmente ejerzo como artista visual y profesor de artes.

Como profesor y artista visual, siempre está la necesidad de explorar y descubrir nuevas propuestas artísticas que están ocurriendo en la actualidad y me parece muy entretenido ver nuevas formas de expresión. Desde hace un tiempo venía escuchando que la IA estaba logrando asimilar, de alguna manera, obras artísticas digitales, lo que me producía cierta inquietud y curiosidad de poder explorar estas nuevas dimensiones de expresión. Y el Universo se hizo presente de alguna manera, conduciéndome a indagar en estos nuevos caminos digitales, llenos de sensaciones y emociones. Gracias a la invitación de Sebastián Gerlic, presidente de Thydêwá, y de un grupo de académicos liderado por la profesora Thea Pitman, indagué aún más en lo que está ocurriendo con la Inteligencia Artificial a un nivel más profundo, profesional, lleno de reflexiones colectivas e individuales.

Al explorar por primera vez estos nuevos programas relacionados con la IA generativa durante la primera fase de este proyecto, sentí que tenía ciertas nociones básicas sobre el tema y qué se podía lograr con estas tecnologías. Pero fue bastante sorpresivo ver los resultados que se podían obtener a partir de un escrito, y cómo este podía transformarse en una imagen visual.

Recuerdo que realizamos distintos ejercicios y conversamos sobre lo que queríamos crear mediante palabras, frases y textos, con el objetivo de llegar a un resultado más acabado, tanto en el concepto como en el uso técnico del programa. Al momento de plasmar mis ideas, sentimientos y mi visión mediante palabras precisas, apareció una imagen que me remeció y, en cierta forma, me llevó a cuestionar mi autenticidad creativa (véase Fig. 7.1, especialmente la imagen de abajo). Se parecía mucho a mi estilo de pintura (véase Fig. 7.2), pero sentí que había sido llevado a otro nivel. Claramente encontré la imagen muy bella y experimenté una cierta admiración hacia estos nuevos avances tecnológicos y hacia las personas que están detrás de todo esto. Sentí que habían logrado una especie de ‘sensibilidad visual artificial’ a través de una nueva imagen, y eso me llevó a reflexionar sobre lo que soy como artista, en el ámbito creativo. Siempre sentí que eso era muy personal, algo difícil de replicar mediante la tecnología, pero ya estaban un paso más adelante de lo que creía.

También me han sorprendido mucho los trabajos realizados por mis compañeras y compañeros en este proyecto, con una calidad artística muy alta. Eso también me ayudó a reflexionar y a suavizar mis ideas y apreciación sobre esta nueva forma de ver el arte digital. Aún somos nosotros quienes debemos enviar las ideas a través de los prompts y, sin eso, la IA no funcionaría (al menos por ahora). Somos aún los seres pensantes, y me quiero quedar con esa idea por el momento. Pero es innegable que la IA cada vez nos sorprende más, cruzando límites futuristas y avanzando a un ritmo escalofriante. Espero que este avance sea bien conducido, en favor de la naturaleza y de la humanidad.

Top image: AI-generated abstract painting depicting two stylized human figures shown head and shoulders only. Both figures are outlined with bold, geometric shapes and vibrant colours – reds, oranges, blues and purples – against a dark background filled with cosmic motifs like stars, crosses, spirals and a crescent moon. Intricate patterns and symbols decorate the lower section.

Bottom image: AI-generated abstract painting showing two stylized human heads in profile, facing right. The figures have their eyes closed and there are flowing, multicoloured lines radiating outwards from them like hair or energy beams. The background features geometric shapes and circular patterns in blues, oranges and purples.

Fig. 7.1. Azul–Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, Un hombre y una mujer con los ojos cerrados (IA) / A Man and a Woman with Their Eyes Closed (AI). Details on page 46.

Fig. 7.1 details. Azul–Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, Un hombre y una mujer con los ojos cerrados, imágenes generadas con Midjourney v.5.1, mayo de 2023. Arriba, prompt original en inglés y español; abajo, mismo prompt pero solo en inglés: ‘Un hombre y una mujer con los ojos cerrados en primer plano, a su alrededor, se observa el universo con una variedad de colores. De la cabeza del hombre y la mujer surgen frases, CON PALABRAS ESCRITAS, como: “Respeto, felicidad, equilibrio, seguridad y valentía”’. (Nótese: las imágenes generadas no siempre representan lo que el prompt especifica. Por ejemplo, aquí, a veces las figuras tienen los ojos cerrados, otras veces no. Igualmente, las imágenes resultantes nunca evidenciaron las frases que el artista quería.)

Azul–Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, A Man and a Woman with Their Eyes Closed, images generated with Midjourney v.5.1, May 2023. Top, original prompt in English and Spanish: ‘A man and a woman with their eyes closed in the foreground, around them the universe is observed with varieties of colors. From the head of the man and the woman appear phrases, WITH WORDS WRITTEN such as: “respeto, felicidad, equilibrio, seguridad y valentía”’ [happiness, balance, security and courage]. Bottom, same prompt in English only. (Note: the generated images did not always show what was specified in the prompt. For example, here, sometimes the figures have their eyes closed, others times they do not. Similarly, the resultant images never displayed the words that the artist wanted.)

Abstract acrylic painting, with bold, angular shapes and vivid colours including red, green, yellow, blue and black. The composition features dynamic, interlocking geometric forms resembling fragmented figures, set against a black background with swirling dots suggesting stars and a bright circular element suggesting a moon or sun. The lower section includes stylized architectural shapes and a blue area evoking water, creating a surreal, Cubist-inspired scene.

Fig. 7.2. Azul–Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, Danza al Universo pintura acrílica sobre lienzo, 2020. / Dance to the Universe, acrylic painting on canvas, 2020.

Inche pignen2 Nicolás Jiménez Reyes, and my artist’s name is Azul. I am a descendant of the Mapuche people on my mother’s and maternal grandmother’s side, and I am a member of the Calaucán Indigenous Association of Llolleo, San Antonio, Chile. I graduated with a degree in visual arts from the Universidad de Playa Ancha in Valparaíso and have received recognition from the National Indigenous Corporation (CONADI) for my artistic career. I currently work as a visual artist and art teacher.

As a teacher and visual artist, I recognise that there’s always a need to explore and discover new artistic concepts, and I find it very entertaining to see new forms of expression emerging. For some time, I’d been hearing that AI was somehow managing to digitally ingest artworks, which made me feel a bit worried but also curious to explore these new dimensions of expression. And the universe has somehow played its part, leading me to explore these new digital paths and to respond to them with my gut feelings. Thanks to an invitation from Sebastián Gerlic, president of Thydêwá, and a group of academics led by Professor Thea Pitman, I have been able to take a deep dive into what’s happening with Artificial Intelligence, to understand it from a professional perspective and to engage in collective and individual reflection about it.

When I first explored these new generative AI programmes during the first phase of this project, I felt I had some basic notions regarding what they were about and what could be achieved with these technologies. But it was quite surprising to see the results that could be obtained from a written document and how it could be transformed into a visual image.

I remember we did various exercises and discussed how we could create images using words and phrases, with the goal of arriving at a more satisfying result both in terms of the artistic concept and the technical use of the programme. As I began to express my ideas, feelings and vision through precise words, an image appeared that shook me and, in a way, made me question my creative authenticity (see Fig. 7.1, in particular the image at the bottom). It was very similar to my painting style (see Fig. 7.2), but I felt it had been taken to another level. I clearly found the image very beautiful and felt a certain admiration for these new technological advances and for the people behind it all. I felt they had achieved a kind of ‘artificial visual sensibility’ with this new image, and that led me to reflect on who I am as an artist and the nature of creativity. I had always felt that art was very personal, something difficult to replicate through technology, but they were already a step ahead of me.

I’ve also been very surprised by the work my colleagues have produced on this project, which is of very high artistic quality. This has also helped me reflect and refine my ideas and appreciation of this new way of seeing digital art. We are still the ones who must input our ideas in the form of prompts, and without that, AI wouldn’t work (at least for now). We are still the ones doing the thinking, and I want to stick with that idea for now. But it’s undeniable that AI is increasingly surprising us, crossing futuristic boundaries and advancing at a frightening pace. I hope this progress is led well, for the benefit of nature and humanity.

Notes

  1. 1 Nota de los editores: ‘Inche pignen’ significa ‘me llamo’ en Mapudungun/Mapuzungun.

  2. 2 Editors’ note: ‘Inche pignen’ means ‘my name is’ in Mapudungun/Mapuzungun.

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8. Inteligencia Artificial o los artificios de la inteligencia Artificial Intelligence or the artifices of intelligence
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