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table of contents
Index
Note: Page numbers in italic refer to Figures
- Abdilla, Angie, 21
- Abundant AI, 17–18
- AIAI: Artificial Intelligence, Art and Indigeneity project
- background and aims, 5, 31–5
- exhibitions, 34, 183–93
- IndigenIA prototype, 5, 33, 34, 94, 101, 151–60, 163–6, 180, 185–6, 199
- methodology, 37–9
- reflections, 151–60, 184
- subsequent projects, 177–81
- AI Commons, 15, 16
- AI-generated art
- ‘art-washing’, 11
- authorship, 54, 64, 149n2, 196–7
- curation, 183–92
- emotional responses, 94, 95, 101, 102, 192
- futurist approaches, 22–3, 26–7
- reception, 11n3, 50, 60, 186, 189, 192
- status as art, 4, 11, 53, 63, 183–4, 192
- AIIA: Apropriação Indígena da Inteligência Artificial project, 33, 144, 177–8
- algorithmic bias, 15, 25, 26, 32, 162
- algorithms, 161–2
- Alvarado, Margarita, 122–3, 124, 128
- Amazofuturism, 169, 172–3
- Anadol, Refik, 28–9, 192n1
- ancestral AI, 18n1, 19n6
- ancestral intelligence, 19n6, 35, 178–9
- ancestrality, 78, 87, 96, 103, 201–2
- animations, 28, 29, 35, 102
- Anishinaabe people, 21
- architecture, 108, 116
- Argentina, 67–8, 73–4
- IAbuelas project, 30n5
- intercultural education, 93, 100
- Arielli, Emanuele, 12
- Arte Eletrônica Indígena project, 35n3, n4, 163, 165
- Artificial Intelligence (AI). See also generative AI; image-generation tools
- bias and stereotyping, 15, 26
- decolonial, 4, 15–16, 18, 27, 173, 181, 192, 200–1
- defining, 1
- as ‘digital spirit’, 106–7, 115
- educational uses, 26, 78–9, 87–8
- environmental costs, 2–3, 17, 25, 192, 199–200, 202
- ethical design, 17, 26, 153–6
- ‘for good’, 16–17, 25, 78–80, 87–9
- as instrument of resistance, 181
- status as ‘kin’, 23–4, 159, 170, 202
- for traditional knowledge preservation, 78, 87–8, 108, 116, 202
- aruma, 29, 31, 34, 152, 159, 164–7, 183. See also De Berduccy, Sandra
- Night Dependent Textiles series, 163
- Avatar film series, 173, 193n6
- Ayala, Violeta, 28–9
- Aymara people, 28, 31, 32, 49–52, 60–62, 127–8, 131–3, 167, 171, 179, 191
- Azul (Nicolás Jiménez Reyes), 31, 33, 149n1, 193n4
- Danza al Universo/Dance to the Universe, 44, 46, 47
- Un hombre y una mujer con los ojos cerrados/A Man and a Woman with Their Eyes Closed, 44, 45, 46, 47
- Bainwá, Denilson, 169
- Bañuelos-Capistrán, Jacob, 30n5
- Barbosa Pereira, Ana Carolina, 24n1
- Barros, Santiago, 30n5
- Batista Ferreira, Selma, 163, 165
- Bender, Emily M., 1, 18n1
- Benesiinaabandan, Scott, 21
- Benjamin, Ruha, 14n6, 38
- Bézenac, Christophe de, 33, 154
- bias
- algorithmic, 15, 25, 26, 32, 162
- gender, 13, 37
- historical, 122, 131, 135–6
- in prompt design, 39
- racial, 13, 37, 38, 39n3
- Bisconti, Piercosma, 39n2, 149n4
- Bolivia, 49, 59, 60, 127, 149n6, 166, 167
- Las Awichas project, 28–9
- Post-humanas y sueños cyborg de + seres en los Andes project, 27
- Bonaldo, Rodrigo, 24n1
- Bongers, Wolfgang, 184
- Bostrom, Nick, 23, 96, 102–3
- Brazil, 92n2, n7, 107, 116, 124, 148, 149n5, 163
- Álbum de Desesquecimentos project, 30n5
- Amazofuturism, 169, 172–3
- Ancestral Intelligence, 19n6
- Coletivo Kókir, 80, 90
- Dragon Dreaming methodology, 151
- Histórias Indígenas exhibition, 80, 90
- Indigenous Futurism movement, 169
- Povos Indígenas no Brasil (Instituto Socioambiental), 129
- Brown, Michelle, 21
- Bry, Theodore de, 146, 147, 173
- Buen Vivir/Bem Viver, 16, 33, 34, 78, 87, 179–81, 195, 200
- Burke, Peter, 122
- Camacam-Imboré people, 163
- capitalism, 16, 154, 179
- Ccopacatty, Aymar, 32, 162
- Aymara Grandfather Walking by Lake Titicaca, 131–3, 191
- censorship, 39, 108, 117, 140–46
- ChatGPT, 3, 35, 50, 61, 106, 108–9, 115, 116–18, 139
- Chaves, Petria, 181n3
- children’s books, 33, 35, 93, 97, 99, 100, 137, 138, 178
- Chile, 43, 47, 122
- Ficciones Generativas exhibition, 34, 183, 184–6
- Chiodo, Simona, 11
- Chock, Sasha Costanza, 16
- Coletivo Kókir, 80, 90
- collective knowledge, 19n6, 162, 179, 196
- Colombo, Gabriele, 39
- colonial-era works, 122–4, 126, 136, 146–8
- colonialism, 16, 27, 137, 152, 192, 200–1
- community responsibility, 16, 18
- Copilot, 29n2, 202
- copyright, 146–9
- Cosmo de Mesquita, Alexsandro. See Potiguara, Alex
- cosmology, 77–9, 87–8, 179
- COVID-19 pandemic, 29, 178
- creativity, 11, 27, 44, 47, 80, 89, 117, 136–40, 149, 189, 195–7
- cultural appropriation, 4, 24, 26, 80, 89, 140, 148
- cultural preservation, 17, 25–7, 169
- cultural stewardship, 198–9, 201
- cultural symbols, 123–4
- DALL-E, 2, 3, 26, 39n3, 139, 140–1
- data extractivism, 15, 25, 26, 199–201
- data security, 157–8
- data sovereignty, 17, 25–6, 198–9
- De Berduccy, Sandra, 31. See also aruma
- decolonial AI, 4, 15–16, 18, 27, 173, 181, 192, 200–1
- DeepDream, 2, 4, 28, 29
- Desana, Paulo, 169
- digital realism, 107–9, 111, 113, 116–17
- Dillon, Grace L., 169
- Dippel, Anne, 37
- Dragon Dreaming methodology, 39n1, 151, 180
- dreams and dreaming, 4, 23, 29, 32, 155–6
- Gama, Vítor Castelões, 169
- Garcia, Marcelo Velloso, 169
- Gemini, 13, 106, 114
- gender bias, 13, 37
- generative adversarial networks (GANs), 2, 79, 88
- generative AI. See also image-generation tools
- bias and stereotyping, 12, 13, 26, 37, 131, 157, 197–8
- discriminatory effects, 11, 14n6
- extractivist practices, 15, 25, 26, 199–201
- for Indigenous communication, 26
- invisibilisation of Indigenous Peoples, 4, 15, 24, 31, 146, 202
- misrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples, 4–5, 12–13, 21–2, 52, 62
- representation of marginalised groups, 21–2, 28, 201
- revisionist/speculative practices, 22–3, 26, 28
- unequal access to, 26
- Gerlic, Sebastián, 31, 34–5, 138, 144, 145, 155–6, 184
- Gillespie, Tarleton, 12, 200–1
- González Zepeda, Luz Elena, 25
- Guineo, Osvaldo, 162
- Iervolino, Serena, 184
- image-generation tools. See also IndigenIA prototype; Midjourney; Stable Diffusion
- artists’ engagement with, 13, 21–4, 26–8, 37, 196–7
- biases in, 39, 121–2, 131, 141, 157, 170, 173, 183, 201
- community guidelines, 140, 143, 146, 149
- copyright infringement, 146–9
- educational uses, 35, 67–8, 73–4, 80, 89
- ethical design, 153–6
- imagination of Indigenous futures, 18, 23, 27, 167–76
- in-built censorship, 39, 108, 117, 140–46
- Indigenous co-creation, 29, 78–80, 87–9, 107–8, 116–17, 162–7, 187–9, 195
- invisibilisation of Indigenous Peoples, 4, 15, 24, 31, 146, 201
- language barriers, 51–2, 61–2, 67–8, 73–4, 95, 102, 131, 139, 197–8
- misunderstanding of cultural symbols, 94, 101, 123–4, 128–31
- representation of Indigeneity, 24, 32, 49, 60, 67–8, 73–5, 81–2, 90–91, 94, 99, 101, 128–37, 140–49, 167–76
- stereotypes and stereotyping, 13, 89, 123–4, 129, 131
- technical summary, 2–3
- training, 3, 13, 16, 79, 88–9, 94, 101, 131, 156, 163, 167, 197
- ‘white default’, 135, 167
- Imagine: La Pequeña Francisca en Abya Yala (Red Abya Yala con Amor), 33, 93, 99–100, 144, 178
- Immersive Networks, 33, 34, 39n1, 151, 163, 185
- INDIGENIA: Generative AI for Indigenous Futures and “Digital Good Living” project, 34, 179–80
- IndigenIA prototype, 5, 33, 34, 94, 101, 151–60, 163–6, 180, 185–6, 199
- Indigenous AI, 16–17, 21–2
- Indigenous epistemologies, 4, 17–18, 23–4, 156, 160, 196–7, 201
- Indigenous futurism, 23, 27, 146, 169–76, 192
- Indigenous languages, 6n3, 17, 18n1, 25, 39, 51–2, 61, 62, 198
- Indigenous Peoples
- agency, 27, 157, 180, 189, 196–9
- algorithmic logic, 161–2
- ancestral intelligence, 19n6, 35, 178–9
- cultural appropriation, 4, 24, 26, 80, 89, 140, 148
- data sovereignty, 17, 25–6, 198–9
- digital inclusion, 25–6, 88–9, 180
- future imaginaries, 18, 23, 167–76
- invisibilisation in generative AI, 4, 15, 24, 31, 146, 202
- ownership of AI tools and data, 52, 62, 79–80, 88–9, 157–8, 180–81, 198–9
- self-determination, 79, 88
- self-representation, 129, 131, 141, 143, 146, 149
- stereotypical representation, 26, 121–4, 136
- Indigenous Protocol on Artificial Intelligence (Lewis et al.), 17, 21
- Instagram, 2, 30n5, 68, 74, 144
- Inteligência Ancestral project, 35
- intellectual property, 148–9, 187
- Ireland, Artificial Intelligence, Art and Indigeneity: An Exhibition of Indigenous Art Made with Generative AI, 183, 187
- Isaac, William, 16
- Kaingang, Tadeu (Tadeu dos Santos), 31, 33, 80, 89, 124, 128–9, 137, 142, 155, 157, 173, 193n6
- A cosmofloresta/The Cosmoforest, 79, 83, 89
- Família Kaingang I–III/Kaingang Family I–III, 81–2, 84–6, 90–91, 128–9, 167
- Kaingang people, 80, 81, 83–6, 89, 90, 92n2, n7, n10, 128–9, 142, 143
- Kariñ’a people, 32, 67, 73
- Kariri-Xocó, Nhenety (José Nunes de Oliveira), 31, 32, 35, 137, 139
- Colônia indígena/Indigenous Village, 112, 113
- Os Deuses Nativos Kariri-Xocó/The Kariri-Xocó Native Gods, 106, 110, 114
- Kariri-Xocó people, 105–7, 110, 114–16
- Kawash, Ameera, 15–16
- Kesserwan, Karina, 23
- Kichwa people, 167, 179
- K’ita Wichhu, 27
- Kite, Suzanne, 17, 21, 23
- Koetz, Vanessa, 16
- Krenak, Ailton, 19n6, 178, 202
- Krysa, Joasia, 184
- Lanche, Shiraigo, 29
- language
- datasets, 2, 13, 16, 52, 62, 197–8
- Indigenous, 6n3, 17, 18n1, 25, 39, 51–2, 61, 62, 198
- prompts, 3, 51–2, 61–2, 67–8, 73–4, 95, 102, 131, 133, 136, 138–9, 197–8
- translation, 18n1, 51, 61, 131, 139, 197–8
- visual, 161–2
- large language models (LLMs), 5, 197
- Latam-GPT, 198
- Lewis, Jason Edward, 17–18, 21, 23
- Lossin, R. H., 28
- LowRank Adaptation (LoRA), 3, 33, 158
- Lynch, Dave, 3, 33, 163
- Ed the Dog, 158
- Macy, Joanna, 178
- Madianou, Mirca, 16
- Manovich, Lev, 12
- Māori people, 18n1, 19n5
- Mapuche people, 31, 32, 43, 47, 122–4, 126, 129–30
- Martínez Pinto, Cristina Elena, 25
- Mayu, Kuenan, 32, 142, 171
- Amazonian Indigenous Futurist Scenes, 173, 174, 190
- Menezes, Gustavo Nogueira de, 19n6, 181n3
- Messer, Uwe, 14n3
- Mexico, Exhumar la memor.IA project, 28
- Meyer, Roland, 12
- Midjourney, 2, 3, 26, 33, 184, 189, 196
- community guidelines, 140, 143, 146
- ethnoracial diversity in, 32
- representations of Indigeneity, 49, 60, 69, 75, 122, 123–4, 128, 135–7, 141–9, 163, 169–76
- training data, 3, 170
- variations, 51, 52, 62–3
- Milet Ramírez, Gustavo, 122–4, 126
- Millalén, Loreto, 32, 129–30, 137, 154, 158, 162, 193n4
- People Working with Medicinal Plants, 130–31
- Milne, Alasdair, 184
- Mohamed, Shakir, 16
- Mohawk people, 21
- Montero, Valentina, 176n2, 184
- Montes de Oca Ayala, Horacio, 32
- Futuristic Landscape, 171, 172
- myth, 61, 79, 88, 108, 116, 162, 192
- Pachamamismo, 179
- Palawa people, 21
- Pankararu, Atiã, 31
- Pankararu, Maria, 31
- Pataxó-Hãhãhãe, Mayá, 31
- Paul, Christiane, 184
- Pereira, Jamila, 30n5
- Perera, Maneesha, 18n3
- Peru, 131–3
- Phan, Thao, 13, 39n3
- photography, 28, 32, 57, 121–4, 126, 128, 133
- Photoshop, 54, 57, 64
- Pietro, Rogério, 169
- Pinterest, 2
- Piratapuya people, 169
- Pitman, Thea, 39n1, 176n2, 177, 179–80, 183
- Png, Marie-Therese, 16
- portraiture, 28–9, 55, 122–3, 133
- Potiguara, Alex (Alexsandro Cosmo de Mesquita), 18n2, 34, 181n1, 195
- Povos Indígenas no Brasil (Instituto Socioambiental), 129
- Prada, Juan Martín, 30n5
- prompt design, 170–71, 173
- prompts and prompting
- bias, 39
- in-built censorship, 39, 53, 63–4, 141
- language choice, 51, 61, 95, 102, 131, 133, 138–9
- natural-language, 3, 138, 197
- ‘non-Eurocentric’ aesthetic, 173
- shadow prompting, 13, 128
- P’urhépecha people, 28
- race, representation in generative AI, 21–2, 32, 131
- racial bias, 13, 37, 38, 39n3
- racial discrimination, 14n6
- racial stereotyping, 6, 131
- Raley, Rita, 1, 2, 37
- Rauh, Andreas, 31, 34, 183
- Red Abya Yala con Amor, 33, 67, 73, 178
- Rhee, Jennifer, 1, 2, 37
- Ricaurte, Paola, 1
- Rivas San Martín, Felipe, 30n5, 39n3
- Rocha de Luna, Rubria, 30n5
- Roxanne, Tiara, 26–7
- Running Wolf, Michael, 17
- Runway, 35
- Salvaggio, Eryk, 12, 13, 15, 39
- Santos, Tadeu dos. See Kaingang, Tadeu
- science fiction, 167, 169, 171–2
- Séptimo, Rogelio, 28
- shadow prompting, 13, 128
- Shipibo-Conibo people, 162
- Silenttio, Lucian de (Lucio Torrez Soria), 31, 33, 34, 129, 137, 138, 139, 149n6, 162, 164
- Bernal Capchiri, 55, 59, 163
- Indígena del futuro/Futuristic Indigenous Person, 53, 57, 63, 163
- Khari Khari, 50–51, 56, 59, 61, 139
- Man on Mountain Top, 127
- Ovillos de lana/Balls of Wool, 53, 58, 59, 63
- Samurái andino/Andean Samurai, 55
- Sandalio Torrez Quispe, 52, 57, 63
- Wiphala accidental/Accidental Wiphala, 58, 59
- Silva, Tarcízio, 14n6
- Singh Bhaliwal, Ranjodh, 38, 39
- Sioduhi, 169
- Skawennati, 21
- slop, 12, 183
- slow AI, 18n1
- Somaini, Antonio, 11
- Souza, Sheilla, 29, 80, 89
- spirituality, 35, 77, 80–82, 87, 90–91
- Stable Diffusion, 2, 3, 33, 69, 75, 94, 102, 154
- stereotypes and stereotyping, 12, 13, 15, 26, 80, 89, 121–4, 129, 131, 136, 157, 197
- Steyerl, Hito, 12, 18n1
- Sudmann, Andreas, 37
- Tamari, Mariana, 16
- Tapuya, Kadu, 32, 137, 144, 146, 148, 169, 171
- A dança dos cabocos/The Dance of the Cabocos, 175
- Indigenous Futurist Scene, 173, 175
- Tariano people, 32
- Taye, Berhan, 16
- Terena, Naine, 29
- Terron, Joca Reiners, 172–3
- textiles, 52, 57, 59, 62, 72, 75, 124, 139, 161–7, 185
- Thon, Jan-Noël, 12
- Thydêwá, 29, 31, 33, 39n1, 163, 202
- Tikuna people, 32, 143
- Toaquiza Ugsha, Gustavo, 167
- Toledo, Marcelo, 181n3
- Torrez Soria, Lucio. See Silenttio, Lucian de
- traditional knowledge, 78, 87–8, 108, 116, 202
- traditional medicine, 129–31
- translation, 18n1, 51, 61, 131, 139, 197–8
- Tukano, Daiara, 148
- Tulián, Mariela, 32, 34, 35, 129, 155, 160
- La Pequeña Francisca/Little Francisca, 33, 35, 93, 97, 99–100, 137, 138, 178
- Self-Portrait with Dragon, 159
- Tulián people, 93, 100, 129
- Tupi-Guarani, Wera Moru, 32, 142, 143
- Tupi-Guarani People in the City, 167, 168
- Tupi-Guarani people, 142, 146, 163, 167, 168, 180
- Tupinambá, Yakuy, 29n2, 202
- Tupinambá Hãhãhãe, Anápuàka, 26
- Tupinambá people, 146, 173
- Txihi, Tamikuã, 148
- UNESCO, 25
- Xonorika, Kira, 27