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table of contents
Contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Disparate responses to the reception of refugees
- Refugee reception in Southern Africa
- Southern Africa as a setting for investigating refugee reception
- Country case study selection
- Potential limitations of comparative case studies
- The structure of the book
- Notes
- 1. Framing refugee reception
- Understanding reception
- The ‘context of reception’ approach
- A multi-scalar lens
- Reception as a process
- Appraisal of the ‘context of reception’ approach
- How states understand refugee reception
- Understanding reception sites
- The refugee camp as a site of reception
- The urban space as a site of reception
- Links between the two reception sites
- The implementation of refugee reception policies
- Adopting the theory of norm implementation to investigate refugee reception policies
- A multi-scalar understanding of host states’ responses to refugees
- A critical reflection on the book’s conceptual framework
- Notes
- 2. Refugee reception policies in Africa
- The ‘democratic-aslyum’ nexus: shifting policies to refugees in Africa
- The role of the global refugee regime in shaping refugee reception policies
- Role of the global in the reception of refugees: the refugee camp
- Role of the global in the reception of refugees: the urban space
- The security and stability nexus
- Security and securitisation
- Direct security concerns
- Indirect security concerns
- Securitisation
- The concept of stability
- The ‘problem’ of refugees and their movement
- Stability and the paradox of human movement
- Notes
- 3. Investigating state behaviour towards refugees
- Overarching methodological stance
- Research design
- The framing exercise, September 2016
- The finalised research design
- The data collection stage
- Sampling for the key informant interviews
- The interview process
- Legal and policy documents
- Informal interviews and symposia
- The analysis stage
- Validity, ethics and reflexivity: conducting field research in Southern Africa
- Validity and reliability
- Positionality
- Timing of the research
- Ethical considerations relating to the adopted methods
- Limitations of the book’s research design
- Notes
- 4. Encampment: the maintenance of a camp-based reception in Zambia
- The registration of refugees in Zambia
- Legal framework and registration procedures in Zambia
- Initial reception during the registration period
- The encampment approach in Zambia
- Ideational factor: the historical legacy of the national legal framework
- Material factor: the capacity to receive and host refugees
- The separation of refugees from local populations: capacity concerns in urban spaces
- The separation of refugees from local populations: capacity concerns in border areas
- The separation of refugees from local populations: creating visibility for continued international support
- Material and ideational factors: security
- Direct security concerns
- Indirect security concerns
- The construction of refugees as security risks
- Securitisation of the ‘opposition’ in Zambia
- The initial stage of reception in Zambia: a case of ongoing negotiations between encampment and urban spaces
- Notes
- 5. Encampment: post registration in Zambia
- Contextualising post-registration reception in Zambia
- The post-registration stage in Zambia: the role of the national government and UNHCR in settlements
- Material factor: capacity concerns
- Ideational factor: the ‘regime refugee’
- Institutional and ideational factors: divergence and contestation in approaches to the settlements
- The state’s ideational approach to the settlements
- Contestation in UNHCR’s approach to the settlements
- Official access to the urban space: pathways out of the settlements post registration
- Gate passes and urban residence permits
- The management of movement
- The temporality of access to the urban space
- Institutional and ideational factors: contestation and the conceptualisation of refugee movement
- Line ministries
- UNHCR and its implementing partners
- Commissioner for Refugees, Zambian government
- Contemporary shifts in refugee policy at the local level: the Mantapala settlement
- Mantapala: a ‘whole of society’ approach to refugee reception?
- Early warning signs: material and ideational contestation
- Conceptualising refugees and refugee reception outside of the camp setting: a step too far?
- Post registration in Zambia: a global regime and the ‘regime refugee’ confined to the camp space
- Notes
- 6. Free settlement: the maintenance of a free-settlement reception in South Africa
- The registration stage in South Africa
- Legal framework and registration procedures
- The initial reception at the point of registration
- The free-settlement approach in South Africa
- Material factor: contemporary movements into South Africa
- Ideational and institutional factors: the lack of international involvement in the initial stage of refugee reception in South Africa
- Ideational factors: the process of nation-building
- Reframing free-settlement reception: South Africa 2011 to present
- Material and institutional factors affecting the shift in refugee policy
- Ideational factor affecting the shift in refugee policy: the increased securitisation of refugees in South Africa
- Exclusion from the urban space
- The initial stage of reception in South Africa: a slow decline to a conditional and restrictive approach
- Notes
- 7. The urban space: post registration in South Africa
- The national government and UNHCR in urban spaces post registration
- Material factor: state capacity concerns in urban spaces
- Material factor: the capacity of UNHCR and the global refugee regime in urban spaces
- Ideational factor: a ‘generous reception’ in urban spaces
- Ideational factor: the global refugee regime and urban refugees in South Africa
- The effect of national-run post-registration reception in urban spaces
- Contemporary shifts in refugee policy at the local level: the City of Johannesburg
- Decentralisation in South Africa
- Ideational and institutional factors at the city level
- Continuing contestation
- Shift in ideational approach at the city level
- Reception at the city level: a mixed bag
- Post registration in South Africa: a precarious relationship between long-term guest and host
- Notes
- 8. Conclusions and ways forward
- Conceptualising reception in the refugee camp and urban spaces
- Temporary versus permanent guest status
- Negotiating reception: the interplay between levels of reception in urban spaces
- The evolving symbiotic relationship between the refugee camp and the urban space
- Reconsidering a norm implementation framework for refugee reception
- Contributions to wider debates on refugee reception
- Confirming the ‘democracy-asylum’ nexus
- The peripheral role of the global refugee regime in shaping refugee reception policies in Southern Africa
- Evaluating the security and stability nexus
- Implications for policy and practice relating to refugee reception
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index